CANALIZATION OF DEVELOPMENT AND THE INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS
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Robustness, meaning compatibility with a larger set of environmental conditions, can be a target of evolution.
“This robustness (compatibility with a larger set of environmental conditions) can be a target of evolution, as argued by Waddington and others [36–38].”
From Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Natural selection on developmental programmes in humans has led to robustness in a range of genetic or environmental perturbations, so typical development occurs along a track.
“We frame this issue using the concept of developmental canalization88, whereby natural selection on developmental programmes in humans has led to robustness in a range of genetic or environmental perturbations89,90: typical development occurs along a ‘track’ (FIG. 1c).”
From Systems biology and gene networks in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders (2015) · cites this paper as [88]
Most studies recruit survivors of the original birth cohorts, so all participants must have survived to observe the outcome; selection on surviving genetic make-up and the outcome or a competing risk effectively applies covariable adjustment on survival into the estimates.
“In addition, most studies recruit survivors of the original birth cohorts. This means all participants must have survived in order to observe whether they get the outcome of interest. Selection of participants on surviving their genetic make-up and the outcome of interest or a competing risk of the outcome effectively applies covariable adjustment on survival into the estimates.173–175”
From Mendelian randomization (2022) · cites this paper as [175]
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BackgroundLearning and Evolution in Neural Networks
Nolfi, S., Parisi, D., & Elman, J. L. (1994) · Adaptive Behavior · doi:10.1177/105971239400300102 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
The Role of Histone Acetylation in Memory Formation and Cognitive Impairments
Peixoto, L., & Abel, T. G. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.86 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
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Embodied intelligence via learning and evolution
Gupta, A., Savarese, S., Ganguli, S., & Fei-Fei, L. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25874-z · Cited by 352 · see citing works
“However, biologists have long conjectured that the Baldwin effect might hold at the level of morphological evolution and sensorimotor learning in complex environments 38,43 .”
BackgroundGENETIC ASSIMILATION OF THEBITHORAXPHENOTYPE
Waddington, C. H. (1956) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1956.tb02824.x · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Self-citationJepsen, K. J., Silva, M. J., Vashishth, D., Guo, X.-D. E., & van der Meulen, M. C. H. (2015) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2539 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Plant Transgenerational Epigenetics
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“One potential explanation for the decreasing variance is that it represents an example of canalization, the frequently observed robustness of phenotypes against minor genetic or environmental perturbations [Flatt, 2005 ; Schmalhausen, 1949; Tanner, 1963; Waddington, 1942].”
Background
- Authors
- WADDINGTON, C. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- WADDINGTON, C. H.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1942-11
- Volume
- 150
- Issue
- 3811
- Pages
- 563-565
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2094902224
- Cited by
- 3,255
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 111 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 109 · 2022: 162 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 168 · 2019: 162 · 2018: 168 · 2017: 145 · 2016: 149 · 2015: 192 · 2014: 150 · 2013: 172 · 2012: 127
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy and History of Science
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
- Keywords
- inheritance of acquired characteristics, Lamarckism, use and disuse, natural selection, random mutation, gene-environment interaction, adaptive evolution, heritable variation
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