The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins.
ZUCKERKANDL, E., & PAULING, L. (1965) · Evolving Genes and Proteins · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2734-4.50017-6 · Cited by 3,020
C. Genetics of Man Enzyme polymorphisms in man
Harris, H. (1966) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1966.0032 · Cited by 611
Cited by
Kimura, M. (1980) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01731581 · Cited by 29,778
Self-citationDating of the human–ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA.
Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H., & Yano, T.-A. (1985) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02101694 · Cited by 8,687
Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules
Eigen, M. (1971) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/bf00623322 · Cited by 3,788
Detecting Individual Sites Subject to Episodic Diversifying Selection
Murrell, B., Wertheim, J. O., Moola, S., Weighill, T., Scheffler, K., & Kosakovsky Pond, S. L. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002764 · Cited by 1,811
Nielsen, R., & Yang, Z. (1998) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/148.3.929 · Cited by 1,622
Evolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from deep sequencing of human exomes
Tennessen, J. A., Bigham, A. W., O’Connor, T. D., Fu, W., Kenny, E. E., Gravel, S., McGee, S., Do, R., Liu, X., Jun, G., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1219240 · Cited by 1,613
The Systems View of Life: A Unifying Vision
Capra, F., & Luisi, P. L. (2014) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511895555 · Cited by 1,347
Positive Natural Selection in the Human Lineage
Sabeti, P. C., Schaffner, S. F., Fry, B., Lohmueller, J., Varilly, P., Shamovsky, O., Palma, A., Mikkelsen, T. S., Altshuler, D., & Lander, E. S. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1124309 · Cited by 1,157
The Nearly Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
Ohta, T. (1992) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.23.110192.001403 · Cited by 1,149
Slightly Deleterious Mutant Substitutions in Evolution
OHTA, T. (1973) · Nature · doi:10.1038/246096a0 · Cited by 1,104
Inferring evolutionary processes from phylogenies
PAGEL, M. (1997) · Zoologica Scripta · doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1997.tb00423.x · Cited by 1,106
Human genetic variation and its contribution to complex traits
Frazer, K. A., Murray, S. S., Schork, N. J., & Topol, E. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2554 · Cited by 1,073
Phylogenetic Signal, Evolutionary Process, and Rate
Revell, L. J., Harmon, L. J., & Collar, D. C. (2008) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150802302427 · Cited by 879
Ikemura, T. (1981) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90363-6 · Cited by 875
Rates of DNA sequence evolution differ between taxonomic groups.
Britten, R. J. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3082006 · Cited by 782
Synonymous codon usage in Drosophila melanogaster: Natural selection and translational accuracy
Akashi, H. (1994) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/136.3.927 · Cited by 742
The Genetic Cost of Neanderthal Introgression
Harris, K., & Nielsen, R. (2016) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.116.186890 · Cited by 419
Transcriptional regulators and the evolution of plant form
Doebley, J., & Lukens, L. (1998) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.10.7.1075 · Cited by 421
The molecular clock runs more slowly in man than in apes and monkeys
Li, W.-H., & Tanimura, M. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/326093a0 · Cited by 375
Bayesian molecular clock dating of species divergences in the genomics era
dos Reis, M., Donoghue, P. C. J., & Yang, Z. (2016) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg.2015.8 · Cited by 339
Evolution of primate gene expression
Khaitovich, P., Enard, W., Lachmann, M., & Pääbo, S. (2006) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1940 · Cited by 341
On the constancy of the evolutionary rate of cistrons
Ohta, T., & Kimura, M. (1971) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01659391 · Cited by 322
Self-citationA comprehensive map of mobile element insertion polymorphisms in humans
Stewart, C., Kural, D., Strömberg, M. P., Walker, J. A., Konkel, M. K., Stütz, A. M., Urban, A. E., Grubert, F., Lam, H. Y. K., Lee, W.-P., et al. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002236 · Cited by 307
The neutral theory of molecular evolution: A review of recent evidence
KIMURA, M. (1991) · The Japanese Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1266/jjg.66.367 · Cited by 295
Self-citationEstimating the mutation load in human genomes
Henn, B. M., Botigué, L. R., Bustamante, C. D., Clark, A. G., & Gravel, S. (2015) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3931 · Cited by 281
Dates from the molecular clock: how wrong can we be?
Pulquério, M. J. F., & Nichols, R. A. (2007) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.11.013 · Cited by 267
Model of effectively neutral mutations in which selective constraint is incorporated
Kimura, M. (1979) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.76.7.3440 · Cited by 254
Self-citationOn the role of organized multienzyme systems in cellular metabolism: a general synthesis
Welch, G. R. (1978) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0079-6107(78)90019-6 · Cited by 260
The reality and importance of founder speciation in evolution
Templeton, A. R. (2008) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.20745 · Cited by 245
Paired sequence difference in ribosomal RNAs: evolutionary and phylogenetic implications.
(1988) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040480 · Cited by 234
On the rate of molecular evolution
Kimura, M., & Ohta, T. (1971) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf01659390 · Cited by 195
Self-citationFontana, W. (2002) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.10190 · Cited by 179
Evolution of centralized nervous systems: Two schools of evolutionary thought
Northcutt, R. G. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1201889109 · Cited by 141
Time scale of eutherian evolution estimated without assuming a constant rate of molecular evolution.
Hasegawa, M., Thorne, J. L., & Kishino, H. (2003) · Genes & Genetic Systems · doi:10.1266/ggs.78.267 · Cited by 145
The Evolutionary Pathway to Virulence of an RNA Virus
Stern, A., Yeh, M. T., Zinger, T., Smith, M., Wright, C., Ling, G., Nielsen, R., Macadam, A., & Andino, R. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.013 · Cited by 127
Vagaries of the molecular clock.
Ayala, F. J. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.7776 · Cited by 140
Visscher, P. M., Goddard, M. E., Derks, E. M., & Wray, N. R. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.65 · Cited by 138
Widespread selection and gene flow shape the genomic landscape during a radiation of monkeyflowers
Stankowski, S., Chase, M. A., Fuiten, A. M., Rodrigues, M. F., Ralph, P. L., & Streisfeld, M. A. (2019) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000391 · Cited by 134
Neel, J. V. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.170.3960.815 · Cited by 131
A quantitative framework for characterizing the evolutionary history of mammalian gene expression
Chen, J., Swofford, R., Johnson, J., Cummings, B. B., Rogel, N., Lindblad-Toh, K., Haerty, W., Palma, F. D., & Regev, A. (2019) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.237636.118 · Cited by 128
A methodological bias toward overestimation of molecular evolutionary time scales
Rodríguez-Trelles, F., Tarrío, R., & Ayala, F. J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.122231299 · Cited by 116
Island songbirds as windows into evolution in small populations
Leroy, T., Rousselle, M., Tilak, M.-K., Caizergues, A. E., Scornavacca, C., Recuerda, M., Fuchs, J., Illera, J. C., De Swardt, D. H., Blanco, G., et al. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.040 · Cited by 113
Hold out the genome: a roadmap to solving the cis-regulatory code
de Boer, C. G., & Taipale, J. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06661-w · Cited by 107
The role of genes domesticated from LTR retrotransposons and retroviruses in mammals
Kaneko-Ishino, T., & Ishino, F. (2012) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00262 · Cited by 104
Evolution of cooperation with asymmetric social interactions
Su, Q., Allen, B., & Plotkin, J. B. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2113468118 · Cited by 104
Weaver, T. D., Roseman, C. C., & Stringer, C. B. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0709079105 · Cited by 95
The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form
Brace, C. L., Seguchi, N., Quintyn, C. B., Fox, S. C., Nelson, A. R., Manolis, S. K., & Qifeng, P. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509801102 · Cited by 78
Smith, H. F. (2011) · International Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.4061/2011/145262 · Cited by 68
Fukushima, K., & Pollock, D. D. (2023) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01932-7 · Cited by 55
Networks and Hierarchies: Approaching Complexity in Evolutionary Theory
Tëmkin, I., & Eldredge, N. (2015) · Interdisciplinary Evolution Research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15045-1_6 · Cited by 49
On the networked architecture of genotype spaces and its critical effects on molecular evolution
Aguirre, J., Catalán, P., Cuesta, J. A., & Manrubia, S. (2018) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.180069 · Cited by 44
Evolutionary landscapes for the acquisition of new ligand recognition by RNA aptamers
Held, D. M., Travis Greathouse, S., Agrawal, A., & Burke, D. H. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2481-y · Cited by 41
A mathematical formalism for natural selection with arbitrary spatial and genetic structure
Allen, B., & McAvoy, A. (2019) · Journal of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s00285-018-1305-z · Cited by 37
The enduring puzzle of the human chin
Pampush, J. D., & Daegling, D. J. (2016) · Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21471 · Cited by 40
Kin selection for cooperation in natural bacterial populations
Belcher, L. J., Dewar, A. E., Ghoul, M., & West, S. A. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2119070119 · Cited by 36
Lack of Self-Averaging in Neutral Evolution of Proteins
Bastolla, U., Porto, M., Roman, H. E., & Vendruscolo, M. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.208101 · Cited by 35
Unconstrained cranial evolution in Neandertals and modern humans compared to common chimpanzees
Weaver, T. D., & Stringer, C. B. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.1519 · Cited by 31
Microbial evolution in vivo and in silico: methods and applications
Mozhayskiy, V., & Tagkopoulos, I. (2013) · Integr. Biol. · doi:10.1039/c2ib20095c · Cited by 24
An evolutionary process without variation and selection
Gabora, L., & Steel, M. (2021) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2021.0334 · Cited by 23
On the dispersion index of a Markovian molecular clock
Zheng, Q. (2001) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/s0025-5564(01)00067-0 · Cited by 17
Groves, C. P. (1994) · Interdisciplinary Science Reviews · doi:10.1179/isr.1994.19.1.23 · Cited by 15
Genetic diversity of the major cat allergen, Fel d 1
Cleveland, C. W., Davis, B. W., Khatri, K., Pomés, A., Chapman, M. D., & Brackett, N. F. (2024) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae447 · Cited by 7
Extended physics as a theoretical framework for systems biology?
Miquel, P.-A. (2011) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.03.006 · Cited by 6
Interpreting noncoding genetic variation in complex traits and human disease
Ward, L. D., & Kellis, M. (2012) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2422 · Cited by 6
Dynamic expedition of leading mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins
Hasan, M., He, Z., Jia, M., Leung, A. C. F., Natarajan, K., Xu, W., Yap, S., Zhou, F., Chen, S., Su, H., et al. (2024) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.037 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- KIMURA, M.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1968-02
- Volume
- 217
- Issue
- 5129
- Pages
- 624-626
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1993351732
- Cited by
- 3,737
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 39.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.