Cited by 968Autophagy in Disease and TherapyInflammasome and immune disordersCellular transport and secretion

Autophagy‐based unconventional secretory pathway for extracellular delivery of IL‐1β

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Dupont, Nicolas, Jiang, Shanya, Pilli, Manohar, Ornatowski, Wojciech, Bhattacharya, Dhruva, Deretic, Vojo·2011·The EMBO Journal

Abstract

Autophagy controls the quality and quantity of the eukaryotic cytoplasm while performing two evolutionarily highly conserved functions: cell-autonomous provision of energy and nutrients by cytosol autodigestion during starvation, and removal of defunct organelles and large aggregates exceeding the capacity of other cellular degradative systems. In contrast to these autodigestive processes, autophagy in yeast has additional, biogenesis functions. However, no equivalent biosynthetic roles have been described for autophagy in mammals. Here, we show that in mammalian cells, autophagy has a hitherto unappreciated positive contribution to the biogenesis and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β via an export pathway that depends on Atg5, inflammasome, at least one of the two mammalian Golgi reassembly stacking protein (GRASP) paralogues, GRASP55 (GORASP2) and Rab8a. This process, which is a type of unconventional secretion, expands the functional manifestations of autophagy beyond autodigestive and quality control roles in mammals. It enables a subset of cytosolic proteins devoid of signal peptide sequences, and thus unable to access the conventional pathway through the ER, to enter an autophagy-based secretory pathway facilitating their exit from the cytoplasm.

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Crossref · 10.1038/emboj.2011.398

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68 of 68 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Autophagy mediates the secretion of proteins such as IL-1β and IL-18 that lack a leader peptide.

    “Autophagy has also been recognized to mediate the secretion of proteins (34) – such as IL-1β and IL-18 (35, 36) – that would otherwise not enter the classical secretory pathway due to lack of a leader peptide.”
  • IL-18 trafficking is similar to that of IL-1β, with secretory autophagy playing a major role in its release.

    “IL-18 trafficking is similar to that of IL-1β, with secretory autophagy also playing a major role in its release (35, 36).”

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Authors
Dupont, N., Jiang, S., Pilli, M., Ornatowski, W., Bhattacharya, D., & Deretic, V.
Affiliations
  • University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center (US)
  • University of New Mexico (US)
Corresponding author
Deretic, Vojo
Venue
The EMBO Journal
Published
2011-11-08
Volume
30
Issue
23
Pages
4701-4711
ISSN
  • 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2075
OpenAlex
W2109070574
Cited by
967
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 45
FWCI
40.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (AI042999)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (RC1AI086845, R01AI042999, R01AI069345, R37AI042999)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
Keywords
autophagy, unconventional secretion, IL-1β, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, ATG5, inflammasome, GRASP55, Rab8a
MeSH terms
Autophagy-Related Protein 5, Animals, Autophagy, Carrier Proteins, Cells, Cultured, Luminescent Proteins, Macrophages, Membrane Proteins, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Nigericin, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Macrolides, Interleukin-18, rab GTP-Binding Proteins, Protein Transport, HMGB1 Protein, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mice, Interleukin-1beta, Secretory Pathway, Inflammasomes

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