Relationship between sleep duration and the metabolic syndrome: Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have revealed that both short and long sleep durations are linked to obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension. We evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and the metabolic syndrome using representative national survey data from the Korean population.Methods We analyzed data from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. The average amount of sleep per night was categorized as: <or=5, 6, 7, 8 and >or=9 h. Those reporting 7 h per night served as a reference group. In this cross-sectional study, the data of 4222 participants were finally analyzed.Results A majority of the components of the metabolic syndrome demonstrated U-shaped patterns based on sleep duration. Although the prevalences of abdominal obesity and hypertension were highest in subjects who slept <or=5 h per night, those of hyperglycemia and high triglyceridemia were highest in subjects who slept >or=9 h per night. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome also exhibited U-shape pattern based on sleep duration. More components of the metabolic syndrome were highly associated with sleep duration in subjects under the age of 60 compared to those over the age of 60. Subjects who slept <or=5 h per night demonstrated the highest risk for the metabolic syndrome (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.33-2.26, P<0.001). Subjects who slept >or=9 h per night exhibited increased risk for the metabolic syndrome even after adjustment of other risk variables (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.17-2.45, P=0.006).Conclusions Both short and long sleep durations are related to increased risk of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Korean population, although adjustment for risk factors attenuates their relationship. Subjects reporting sleep duration of 7 h demonstrated the lowest prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.
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Short sleep duration is consistently associated with metabolic syndrome.
“In fact, emerging cross-sectional data have shown that SSD is consistently associated with metabolic syndrome (a constellation of symptoms, including elevated waist circumference, lipids, fasting glucose, and blood pressure).”
From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [87]
Short sleep (fewer than five to six hours) may qualify as an additional clinical factor in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.
“We suggest that short sleep (fewer than five to six hours) may now qualify as an additional clinical factor in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes, as shown in several cross-sectional studies.27–29”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-reported short sleep and subjectively poor sleep quality have been associated with higher average blood pressure or higher prevalence of hypertension in cross-sectional studies.
“Self-reported short sleep and subjectively poor sleep quality have been associated with higher average blood pressure or higher prevalence of hypertension in cross-sectional studies [197–203].”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [203]
Some studies observed higher blood pressure among long sleepers.
“Some of these studies also observed higher blood pressure among long sleepers [198, 203]”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [203]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Choi, K. M., Lee, J. S., Park, H. S., Baik, S. H., Choi, D. S., & Kim, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Korea University (KR)
- University of Ulsan (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, S M
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 2008-05-13
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1091-1097
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W2086534552
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 10.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep duration, metabolic syndrome, U-shaped relationship, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, Korean population, age differences in sleep
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Hypertension, Korea, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk, Sleep, Odds Ratio, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Metabolic Syndrome, Asian People
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