The Interlinked Rising Epidemic of Insufficient Sleep and Diabetes Mellitus
Open accessAbstract
For healthy existence, humans need to spend one-third of their time sleeping. Any qualitative or quantitative disturbances in sleep would result in an increased prevalence of obesity, metabolic disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. The paper aims to highlight the growing global problem of insufficient sleep and its significant impact on the rising incidence of diabetes mellitus. An extensive literature search was done in all major databases for "insufficient sleep" and "Diabetes Mellitus" for this review. Shorter (<6 h) and longer (>9 h) durations of sleep have been adversely related to insulin resistance. Though the relation between insufficient sleep and diabetes mellitus is more or less understood, little is known about how oversleeping or hypersomnia (10⁻12 h) increases the risk of diabetes. The relationship between sleep disturbances and diabetes is dual-sided, as chronic sleep disturbances would elevate the risk of developing insulin resistance, while diabetes would worsen the quality of sleep. Both the qualitative and quantitative disturbances in sleep significantly increase the risk of developing diabetes, which is supported by numerous community-based and hospital-based epidemiological studies discussed in this review. Obstructive sleep apnea is one of the most common sleep disorders and is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia and increased sympathetic activity, thus leading to a higher prevalence of diabetes. Sleep therapy may serve as a low-cost method for fighting against the rising epidemic of diabetes.
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Diabetes mellitus can worsen the quality of sleep.
“A bidirectional relationship exists between DM risk and sleep quality: chronic sleep disturbances can elevate the risk of developing insulin resistance, while DM can worsen the quality of sleep10.”
From Sleep and temperature data from wearable devices support noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus in a large-scale, retrospective analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
Chronic sleep disturbances can elevate the risk of developing insulin resistance.
“A bidirectional relationship exists between DM risk and sleep quality: chronic sleep disturbances can elevate the risk of developing insulin resistance, while DM can worsen the quality of sleep10.”
From Sleep and temperature data from wearable devices support noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus in a large-scale, retrospective analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
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Self-citationNon-insulin metabolic indices for assessing insulin resistance in medical students
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- Authors
- Chattu, V. K., Chattu, S. K., Burman, D., Spence, D. W., & Pandi-Perumal, S. R.
- Affiliations
- University of the West Indies (TT)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Independent Researcher, 652 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON M6K 2B4, Canada
- Somnogen Canada Inc., College Street, Toronto, ON M1H 1C5, Canada
- Corresponding author
- Chattu, Vijay Kumar
- ORCID
- Venue
- Healthcare
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-03-05
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37
- ISSN
- 2227-9032 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6473416
- OpenAlex
- W2920706025
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Healthcare (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- insufficient sleep, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hypersomnia, sleep duration, sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, intermittent hypoxia, sleep quality, obesity, metabolic disorders, sleep therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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