Fire science for rainforests
Abstract
Forest fires are growing in size and frequency across the tropics. Continually eroding fragmented forest edges, they are unintended ecological disturbances that transcend deforestation to degrade vast regions of standing forest, diminishing ecosystem services and the economic potential of these natural resources. Affecting the health of millions, net forest fire emissions may have released carbon equivalent to 41% of worldwide fossil fuel use in 1997-98. Episodically more severe during El Niño events, pan-tropical forest fires will increase as more damaged, less fire-resistant, forests cover the landscape. Here I discuss the current state of tropical fire science and make recommendations for advancement.
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Fires set during droughts are used to clear tropical rain forest to establish broad-scale agriculture, and fire spread in adjacent forests is further facilitated by selective logging that typically precedes the agriculture frontier, creating a powerful feedback cycle.
“Fires set during droughts are also used to clear tropical rain forest to establish broad-scale agriculture, and fire spread in adjacent forests is further facilitated by the selective logging that typically precedes the agriculture frontier, creating a powerful feedback cycle (Cochrane, 2003).”
From The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth (2011) · cites this paper as Cochrane, 2003
There is an environmental issue due to the replacement of native vegetation for exotic grass species increasing the flammability of degraded forests, as well as creating land degradation, biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions.
“As such, there is an environmental issue due to the replacement of native vegetation for exotic grass species increasing the flammability of degraded forests (Cochrane, 2003), as well as creating land degradation, biodiversity loss and greenhouse gas emissions (Jara-Rojas et al., 2020), but there is also a socio-economic transformation advancing with it.”
From Beyond the “supply chain” framing: Cattle ranching as a vanishing mediator of deforestation and dispossession in the Brazilian and Colombian Amazon (2026) · cites this paper as Cochrane, 2003
Longer fire seasons prolong conducive burning conditions, potentially expanding areas susceptible to escaped deforestation fires and strengthening feedbacks in regional climate-fire dynamics.
“Longer fire seasons prolong conducive burning conditions, potentially expanding areas susceptible to escaped deforestation fires59 and subsequently strengthening feedbacks in regional climate-fire dynamics60.”
From Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013 (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
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“Our purpose here is to describe the historical development of humanity’s relationship with fire and the role humans play in the diversification of contemporary fire regimes globally, thus providing a framework for thinking about how humans influence fire regimes in space and time.”
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- Authors
- Cochrane, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cochrane, Mark A.
- ORCID
- Cochrane, Mark A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 421
- Issue
- 6926
- Pages
- 913-919
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1991355610
- Cited by
- 1,218
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Forest Management and Policy
- Keywords
- tropical forest fires, fire science, fire emissions, CO2 emissions, El Niño, fire resistance, ecosystem services, deforestation, forest fragmentation
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, Feedback, Fires, Humidity, Trees, Tropical Climate, Ecosystem
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