Cited by 1,687Sirtuins and Resveratrol in MedicineAdipose Tissue and MetabolismCancer, Lipids, and Metabolism

SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation by reversible enzyme deacetylation

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Hirschey, Matthew D., Shimazu, Tadahiro, Goetzman, Eric, Jing, Enxuan, Schwer, Bjoern, Lombard, David B., Grueter, Carrie A., Harris, Charles +12 more·2010·Nature

Abstract

Sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases. They mediate adaptive responses to a variety of stresses, including calorie restriction and metabolic stress. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is localized in the mitochondrial matrix, where it regulates the acetylation levels of metabolic enzymes, including acetyl coenzyme A synthetase 2 (refs 1, 2). Mice lacking both Sirt3 alleles appear phenotypically normal under basal conditions, but show marked hyperacetylation of several mitochondrial proteins. Here we report that SIRT3 expression is upregulated during fasting in liver and brown adipose tissues. During fasting, livers from mice lacking SIRT3 had higher levels of fatty-acid oxidation intermediate products and triglycerides, associated with decreased levels of fatty-acid oxidation, compared to livers from wild-type mice. Mass spectrometry of mitochondrial proteins shows that long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCAD) is hyperacetylated at lysine 42 in the absence of SIRT3. LCAD is deacetylated in wild-type mice under fasted conditions and by SIRT3 in vitro and in vivo; and hyperacetylation of LCAD reduces its enzymatic activity. Mice lacking SIRT3 exhibit hallmarks of fatty-acid oxidation disorders during fasting, including reduced ATP levels and intolerance to cold exposure. These findings identify acetylation as a novel regulatory mechanism for mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation and demonstrate that SIRT3 modulates mitochondrial intermediary metabolism and fatty-acid use during fasting.

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  • Sirt3 is an established deacetylase whose targets include LCAD, succinate dehydrogenase, and SOD2.

    “Sirt3 is an established deacetylase whose targets include long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), succinate dehydrogenase and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD2) (Hirschey et al., 2010; Qiu et al., 2010).”

    From Lipid-Induced Mitochondrial Stress and Insulin Action in Muscle (2012) · cites this paper as Hirschey et al., 2010

  • Higher NAD+ levels promote the deacetylase and deacylase activity of nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, which regulate mitochondrial function and protect from high-fat diet-induced metabolic disease.

    “Additionally, higher NAD+ levels can promote the deacetylase and deacylase activity of both nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, which regulate mitochondrial function and protect from high-fat diet-induced metabolic disease42,81,85–88.”
  • Loss of SIRT3 inhibits fatty acid oxidation.

    “Loss of SIRT3 has been shown to inhibit fatty acid oxidation ((Hirschey et al. 2010)); the same study showed decreased gluconeogenic production of glucose in response to cold challenge and decreased production of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate during fasting.”
  • Loss of SIRT3 decreases gluconeogenic glucose production after cold challenge and decreases beta-hydroxybutyrate production during fasting.

    “Loss of SIRT3 has been shown to inhibit fatty acid oxidation ((Hirschey et al. 2010)); the same study showed decreased gluconeogenic production of glucose in response to cold challenge and decreased production of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate during fasting.”
  • SIRT3 is upregulated during fasting.

    “SIRT3 is upregulated during fasting (Hirschey et al. 2010) and more generally by PGC-1α (Kong et al. 2010), which allows it to best control the hyperacetylation caused by acetyl-CoA-dependent metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation and ketone body metabolism.”

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Authors
Hirschey, M. D., Shimazu, T., Goetzman, E., Jing, E., Schwer, B., Lombard, D. B., Grueter, C. A., Harris, C., Biddinger, S., Ilkayeva, O. R., Stevens, R. D., Li, Y., Saha, A. K., Ruderman, N. B., Bain, J. R., Newgard, C. B., Farese Jr, R. V., Alt, F. W., Kahn, C. R., & Verdin, E.
Affiliations
  • Gladstone Institutes (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Duke University (US)
  • Cell Signaling Technology (United States) (US)
  • Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Verdin, Eric
Venue
Nature
Published
2010-03
Volume
464
Issue
7285
Pages
121-125
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2052751736
Cited by
1,687
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 77 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 127 · 2015: 113 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 110 · 2012: 97
FWCI
40.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01dk019514-35)
  • National Institute on Aging (K08AG022325)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL068758)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (L40 DK065607, R01DK067509, DK59637, U24DK059637, K01DK076573, P30DK026743, R01-DK-019514)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Keywords
SIRT3, sirtuins, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, protein deacetylation, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acetylation, fasting, liver, brown adipose tissue, cold sensitivity, ATP levels, triglycerides, NAD+-dependent deacetylase, metabolic stress, caloric restriction
MeSH terms
Acetylation, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Body Temperature Regulation, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Carnitine, Cell Line, Cold Temperature, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Liver, Male, Mitochondria, Oxidation-Reduction, Mass Spectrometry, Triglycerides, Up-Regulation, Caloric Restriction, Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain, Mice, Sirtuin 3

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