Gain control by layer six in cortical circuits of vision
Open accessAbstract
After entering the cerebral cortex, sensory information spreads through six different horizontal neuronal layers that are interconnected by vertical axonal projections. It is believed that through these projections layers can influence each other's response to sensory stimuli, but the specific role that each layer has in cortical processing is still poorly understood. Here we show that layer six in the primary visual cortex of the mouse has a crucial role in controlling the gain of visually evoked activity in neurons of the upper layers without changing their tuning to orientation. This gain modulation results from the coordinated action of layer six intracortical projections to superficial layers and deep projections to the thalamus, with a substantial role of the intracortical circuit. This study establishes layer six as a major mediator of cortical gain modulation and suggests that it could be a node through which convergent inputs from several brain areas can regulate the earliest steps of cortical visual processing.
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Optogenetic driving of L6 principal cells in V1 inhibited their extrinsic targets in LGN and intrinsic targets in cortical layers 2 to 5.
“the authors showed that deep L6 principal cells inhibited their extrinsic targets in the LGN and their intrinsic targets in cortical layers 2 to 5 (Olsen et al., 2012).”
From Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding (2012) · cites this paper as Olsen et al., 2012
In Olsen et al., LGN visual responses were suppressed by 76%, and V1 suppression was around 80-84%.
“This suppression was powerful – in the LGN, visual responses were suppressed by 76%. Suppression was also high in V1, around 80-84% (Olsen et al., 2012).”
From Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding (2012) · cites this paper as Olsen et al., 2012
The findings also suggest a local circuit mechanism in visual cortex where deep layers functionally inhibit activity of superficial layers.
“It also suggests a local circuit mechanism in visual cortex where deep layers functionally inhibit activity of superficial layers (70).”
From Layer and rhythm specificity for predictive routing (2020) · cites this paper as [70]
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“Neocortical neurons vary in modulability, with gain modulation having been observed in 6 cortical pyramidal cells from layers 2/3, 5 and 6 [9, 10], whereas input-output 7 relationships in some other cell types, such as entorhinal stellate cells, appear to be 8 much less modulable [11].”
Background
- Authors
- Olsen, S. R., Bortone, D. S., Adesnik, H., & Scanziani, M.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Olsen, Shawn R.
- Scanziani, Massimo
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-02-22
- Volume
- 483
- Issue
- 7387
- Pages
- 47-52
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC3636977
- OpenAlex
- W2045933100
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 21.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (T32NS007220, R01 NS069010, RC1NS069010)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- primary visual cortex, thalamocortical connections, orientation selectivity, cortical circuits, sensory processing, mouse visual cortex, optogenetics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Models, Neurological, Neural Inhibition, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Synapses, Thalamic Nuclei, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Mice
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