The Oceans; A Possible Source of Iron in Iron-Formations

Holland, Heinrich D.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1169

Cited by 365Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisGeological formations and processes

The Oceans; A Possible Source of Iron in Iron-Formations

Holland, Heinrich D.·1973·Economic Geology

DOI 10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1169

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Recent work on one of the major banded iron-formations of the world--that of the Hamersley Basin of Australia--has defined the total amount of iron and the probable time interval of accumulation of the large iron ore deposits in the basin. The inferred rate of influx of iron into the basin is so large that a derivation of the iron from weathering and transport into the basin by rivers is unlikely. For the same reason derivation of the iron from volcanic sources is also unlikely. Derivation of the iron from the ocean floor is quantitatively possible if deep ocean water containing a few mg/1 of dissolved iron welled up, was oxidized in near surface environments, and deposited its iron in the basin. Iron concentrations of a few mg/1 in deep ocean water are quite reasonable if these water masses were saturated with respect to siderite and calcite.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1169

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Traditionally, iron oxides in iron formations are interpreted to have formed from an initial Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide phase, such as ferrihydrite, which precipitated in the photic zone from seawater via oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) at concentrations that may have ranged from 0.03 to 0.5 mM.
“Traditionally, iron oxides in IF are interpreted to have formed from an initial Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide phase, e.g., ferrihydrite, Fe(OH)3, which precipitated in the photic zone from seawater via the oxidation of dissolved ferrous iron, Fe(II), at concentrations that may have ranged from 0.03 to 0.5 mM; Holland, 1973; Morris, 1993).”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Holland, 1973
Holland (1973) suggested that the iron was sourced from deep-marine, hydrothermally influenced waters and supplied to depositional settings via upwelling processes.
“Holland (1973) had previously suggested that the iron was instead sourced from deep-marine, hydrothermally influenced waters and supplied to the depositional settings via upwelling processes.”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Holland, 1973

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

Earth's Early Atmosphere
Kasting, J. F. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.11536547 · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
Proterozoic Ocean Chemistry and Evolution: A Bioinorganic Bridge?
Anbar, A. D., & Knoll, A. H. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069651 · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Iron formation: the sedimentary product of a complex interplay among mantle, tectonic, oceanic, and biospheric processes
Bekker, A., Slack, J. F., Planavsky, N., Krapez, B., Hofmann, A., Konhauser, K. O., & Rouxel, O. J. (2010) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.467 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
Some Precambrian banded iron-formations (BIFs) from around the world: Their age, geologic setting, mineralogy, metamorphism, geochemistry, and origins
Klein, C. (2005) · American Mineralogist · doi:10.2138/am.2005.1871 · Cited by 969 · see citing works
Mineral evolution
Hazen, R. M., Papineau, D., Bleeker, W., Downs, R. T., Ferry, J. M., McCoy, T. J., Sverjensky, D. A., & Yang, H. (2008) · American Mineralogist · doi:10.2138/am.2008.2955 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
The Paleoproterozoic snowball earth: A climate disaster triggered by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis
Kopp, R. E., Kirschvink, J. L., Hilburn, I. A., & Nash, C. Z. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504878102 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Theoretical constraints on oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the Precambrian atmosphere
Kasting, J. F. (1987) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(87)90001-5 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history
Konhauser, K. O., Planavsky, N. J., Hardisty, D. S., Robbins, L. J., Warchola, T. J., Haugaard, R., Lalonde, S. V., Partin, C. A., Oonk, P. B. H., Tsikos, H., et al. (2017) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.012 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Rare Earth Element and yttrium compositions of Archean and Paleoproterozoic Fe formations revisited: New perspectives on the significance and mechanisms of deposition
Planavsky, N. J., Bekker, A., Rouxel, O. J., Kamber, B. S., Hofmann, A., Knudsen, A. C., & Lyons, T. W. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.021 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Deposition of banded iron formations by anoxygenic phototrophic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria
Kappler, A., Pasquero, C., Konhauser, K. O., & Newman, D. K. (2005) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g21658.1 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Anaerobic oxidation of ferrous iron by purple bacteria, a new type of phototrophic metabolism
Ehrenreich, A., & Widdel, F. (1994) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.60.12.4517-4526.1994 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
The chemical evolution of Precambrian seawater: evidence from REEs in banded iron formations
Derry, L. A., & Jacobsen, S. B. (1990) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(90)90114-z · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Plume‐related mafic volcanism and the deposition of banded iron formation
Isley, A. E., & Abbott, D. (1999) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/1999jb900066 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
The evolution of the sulfur cycle
Canfield, D. E. (1999) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.299.7-9.697 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Iron isotope fractionation by Fe(II)-oxidizing photoautotrophic bacteria 1 1Associate editor: D. E. Canfield
Croal, L. R., Johnson, C. M., Beard, B. L., & Newman, D. K. (2004) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.011 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Formation and occurrence of biogenic iron-rich minerals
Fortin, D., & Langley, S. (2005) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.03.002 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Isotopic compositions of carbonates and organic carbon from upper Proterozoic successions in Namibia: stratigraphic variation and the effects of diagenesis and metamorphism.
Kaufman, A. J., Hayes, J. M., Knoll, A. H., & Germs, G. (1991) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(91)90039-d · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Barite, BIFs and bugs: evidence for the evolution of the Earth’s early hydrosphere
Huston, D. L., & Logan, G. A. (2004) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(04)00034-2 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Photo-oxidation of hydrated Fe2+—significance for banded iron formations
Braterman, P. S., Cairns-Smith, A. G., & Sloper, R. W. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/303163a0 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Genetic modelling for banded iron-formation of the Hamersley Group, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia
Morris, R. C. (1993) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(93)90051-3 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Toxic Metals in the Environment: The Role of Surfaces
Sparks, D. L. (2005) · Elements · doi:10.2113/gselements.1.4.193 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Silica diagenesis: origin of inorganic and replacement cherts
Hesse, R. (1989) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/0012-8252(89)90024-x · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Decoupling photochemical Fe(II) oxidation from shallow-water BIF deposition
Konhauser, K. O., Amskold, L., Lalonde, S. V., Posth, N. R., Kappler, A. A., & Anbar, A. D. (2007) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.026 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Iron Formations: Their Origins and Implications for Ancient Seawater Chemistry
Bekker, A., Planavsky, N. J., Krapež, B., Rasmussen, B., Hofmann, A., Slack, J. F., Rouxel, O. J., & Konhauser, K. O. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00719-1 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Hydrothermal plumes and the delivery of iron to banded iron formation
Isley, A. E. (1995) · The Journal of Geology · doi:10.1086/629734 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
An authigenic origin for Precambrian greenalite: Implications for iron formation and the chemistry of ancient seawater
Tosca, N. J., Guggenheim, S., & Pufahl, P. K. (2016) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b31339.1 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Prebiotic ammonia from reduction of nitrite by iron (II) on the early Earth
Summers, D. P., & Chang, S. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365630a0 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Effects of high CO2 levels on surface temperature and atmospheric oxidation state of the early Earth
Kasting, J. F., Pollack, J. B., & Crisp, D. (1984) · Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry · doi:10.1007/bf00053803 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The pio Operon Is Essential for Phototrophic Fe(II) Oxidation in Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1
Jiao, Y., & Newman, D. K. (2006) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00776-06 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Geological constraints on the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis
Farquhar, J., Zerkle, A. L., & Bekker, A. (2011) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-010-9594-0 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Biogeochemical signatures through time as inferred from whole microbial genomes
Zerkle, A. L. (2005) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.305.6-8.467 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Hydrothermal and resedimented origins of the precursor sediments to banded iron formation: sedimentological evidence from the Early Palaeoproterozoic Brockman Supersequence of Western Australia
Krapež, B., Barley, M. E., & Pickard, A. L. (2003) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00594.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
ABIOTIC O2LEVELS ON PLANETS AROUND F, G, K, AND M STARS: POSSIBLE FALSE POSITIVES FOR LIFE?
Harman, C. E., Schwieterman, E. W., Schottelkotte, J. C., & Kasting, J. F. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/812/2/137 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
The Geology and Metallogeny of Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits: Variations through Geologic Time and with Tectonic Setting
Huston, D. L., Pehrsson, S. J., Eglington, B. M., & Zaw, K. (2010) · Economic Geology · doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.571 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
An iron shuttle for deepwater silica in Late Archean and early Paleoproterozoic iron formation
Fischer, W. W., & Knoll, A. H. (2006) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b26328.1 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Suboxic diagenesis in banded iron formations
Walker, J. C. G. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/309340a0 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Inhibition of carbonate synthesis in acidic oceans on early Mars
Fairén, A. G., Fernández‐Remolar, D. C., Dohm, J. M., Baker, V. R., & Amils, R. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02911 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Iron and sulfur in the pre-biologic ocean
Walker, J. C. G., & Brimblecombe, P. (1985) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(85)90031-2 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Solar Ultraviolet and the Evolutionary History of Cyanobacteria
García‐Pichel, F. (1998) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1023/a:1006545303412 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Neoproterozoic iron formation: An evaluation of its temporal, environmental and tectonic significance
Cox, G. M., Halverson, G. P., Minarik, W. G., Heron, D. P. L., Macdonald, F. A., Bellefroid, E. J., & Strauss, J. V. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.002 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The prebiotic geochemistry of formaldehyde
Cleaves II, H. J. (2008) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2008.04.002 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
A Nd isotopic study of the Hamersley and Michipicoten banded iron formations: the source of REE and Fe in Archean oceans
Jacobsen, S. B., & Pimentel‐Klose, M. R. (1988) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(88)90062-3 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Coevolution of metal availability and nitrogen assimilation in cyanobacteria and algae
GLASS, J. B., WOLFE‐SIMON, F., & ANBAR, A. D. (2009) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00190.x · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Source heterogeneity for the major components of ∼ 3.7 Ga Banded Iron Formations (Isua Greenstone Belt, Western Greenland): Tracing the nature of interacting water masses in BIF formation
Frei, R., & Polat, A. (2006) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.10.033 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Limits on oxygen concentration in the prebiological atmosphere and the rate of abiotic fixation of nitrogen
Kasting, J. F., & Walker, J. C. G. (1981) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jc086ic02p01147 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Alternating Si and Fe deposition caused by temperature fluctuations in Precambrian oceans
Posth, N. R., Hegler, F., Konhauser, K. O., & Kappler, A. (2008) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo306 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
A cold and wet Mars
Fairén, A. G. (2010) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.006 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
GENESIS OF IRON ORE IN BANDED IRON-FORMATION BY SUPERGENE AND SUPERGENE-METAMORPHIC PROCESSES – A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
Morris, R. C. (1985) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-42497-6.50006-0 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Micro-scale tracing of Fe and Si isotope signatures in banded iron formation using femtosecond laser ablation
Steinhoefel, G., Horn, I., & von Blanckenburg, F. (2009) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.037 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Deciphering formation processes of banded iron formations from the Transvaal and the Hamersley successions by combined Si and Fe isotope analysis using UV femtosecond laser ablation
Steinhoefel, G., von Blanckenburg, F., Horn, I., Konhauser, K. O., Beukes, N. J., & Gutzmer, J. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.01.028 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Interplay between Oxygen and Fe–S Cluster Biogenesis: Insights from the Suf Pathway
Boyd, E. S., Thomas, K. M., Dai, Y., Boyd, J. M., & Outten, F. W. (2014) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi500488r · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Biogenic Fe(III) minerals: from formation to diagenesis and preservation in the rock record
Posth, N. R., Canfield, D. E., & Kappler, A. (2014) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.03.012 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Metal limitation of cyanobacterial N<sub>2</sub>fixation and implications for the Precambrian nitrogen cycle
ZERKLE, A. L., HOUSE, C. H., COX, R. P., & CANFIELD, D. E. (2006) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00082.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Coupled Fe and S isotope evidence for Archean microbial Fe(III) and sulfate reduction
Archer, C., & Vance, D. (2006) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g22067.1 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Anomalously low Al2O3/TiO2 values for Archean cherts from the Pilbara Block, Western Australia—possible evidence for extensive chemical weathering on the early earth
Sugitani, K. (1996) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(96)00005-8 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The origin of the iron-formation-rich Hamersley Group of Western Australia — deposition on a platform
Morris, R. C., & Horwitz, R. C. (1983) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(83)90044-x · Cited by 147 · see citing works
A mixed seawater and hydrothermal origin of superior-type banded iron formation (BIF)-hosted Kouambo iron deposit, Palaeoproterozoic Nyong series, Southwestern Cameroon: Constraints from petrography and geochemistry
Ganno, S., Laure, N. T. E., Djibril, K. N. G., Soh, A. P. D., Moudioh, C., Ngnotué, T., & Paul, N. J. (2016) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.08.021 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
N-compound reduction and actinide immobilisation in surficial fluids by Fe(II): the surface FeIIIOFeIIOH° species, as major reductant
Charlet, L., Silvester, E. J., & Liger, E. (1998) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(98)00072-2 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Precambrian Geologic History
Hargraves, R. B. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.193.4251.363 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
In vitro growth of iron sulphide chimneys: possible culture chambers for origin‐of‐life experiments
Russell, M. J., Hall, A. J., & Turner, D. (1989) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1989.tb00364.x · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The onset of widespread marine red beds and the evolution of ferruginous oceans
Song, H., Jiang, G., Poulton, S. W., Wignall, P. B., Tong, J., Song, H., An, Z., Chu, D., Tian, L., She, Z., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00502-x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Exhalative origins of iron formations
Kimberley, M. M. (1989) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/0169-1368(89)90003-6 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Simulating Precambrian banded iron formation diagenesis
Posth, N. R., Köhler, I., Swanner, E. D., Schröder, C. A., Wellmann, E., Binder, B. R., Konhauser, K. O., Neumann, U., Berthold, C., Nowak, M., et al. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.031 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Microbiological processes in banded iron formation deposition
Posth, N. R., Konhauser, K. O., & Kappler, A. A. (2013) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12051 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Possible limits on the composition of the Archaean ocean
Walker, J. C. G. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/302518a0 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Long-term sedimentary recycling of rare sulphur isotope anomalies
Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., & Lyons, T. W. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12021 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Extinction of Cloudina and Namacalathus at the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in Oman
(2003) · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Stratigraphic and tectonic settings of Proterozoic glaciogenic rocks and banded iron-formations: relevance to the snowball Earth debate
Young, G. M. (2002) · Journal of African Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(02)00158-6 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Greenalite precipitation linked to the deposition of banded iron formations downslope from a late Archean carbonate platform
Rasmussen, B., Muhling, J. R., Suvorova, A., & Krapež, B. (2017) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2016.12.005 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Geochemical signatures of polygenetic origin of a banded iron formation (BIF) of the Archaean Sandur greenstone belt (schist belt) Karnataka nucleus, India
Manikyamba, C., Balaram, V., & Naqvi, S. M. (1993) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(93)90061-6 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Geochemical characteristics of Archean cherts and other sedimentary rocks in the Pilbara Block, Western Australia: evidence for Archean seawater enriched in hydrothermally-derived iron and silica
Sugitani, K. (1992) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(92)90093-4 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Tectonic systems and the deposition of iron-formation
Gross, G. A. (1983) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(83)90072-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Precambrian continental freeboard and geological evolution: A time perspective
Eriksson, P. G., Mazumder, R., Catuneanu, O., Bumby, A. J., & Ilondo, B. O. (2006) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.07.001 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Production of 15N‐depleted biomass during cyanobacterial N2‐fixation at high Fe concentrations
Zerkle, A. L., Junium, C. K., Canfield, D. E., & House, C. H. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007jg000651 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Evidence for episodic oxygenation in a weakly redox-buffered deep mid-Proterozoic ocean
Planavsky, N. J., Slack, J. F., Cannon, W. F., O’Connell, B., Isson, T. T., Asael, D., Jackson, J. C., Hardisty, D. S., Lyons, T. W., & Bekker, A. (2018) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.03.028 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The biogeochemistry of ferruginous lakes and past ferruginous oceans
Swanner, E. D., Lambrecht, N., Wittkop, C. A., Harding, C., Katsev, S., Torgeson, J. M., & Poulton, S. W. (2020) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103430 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Magnetotactic bacteria and magnetofossils: ecology, evolution and environmental implications
Goswami, P., He, K., Li, J., Pan, Y., Roberts, A. P., & Lin, W. (2022) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-022-00304-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Geological characteristics and age of the Dahongliutan Fe-ore deposit in the Western Kunlun orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China
Hu, J., Wang, H., Huang, C., Tong, L., 慕生禄, & Qiu, Z.-W. (2015) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.08.014 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Early Precambrian oxygen: a case against photosynthesis
Towe, K. M. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/274657a0 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Bacterial Biomineralization
Konhauser, K. O., & Riding, R. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118280874.ch8 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Archean nickel famine revisited
Konhauser, K. O., Robbins, L. J., Pecoits, E., Peacock, C., Kappler, A., & Lalonde, S. V. (2015) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1301 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Primary Productivity Was Limited by Electron Donors Prior to the Advent of Oxygenic Photosynthesis
Ward, L. M., Rasmussen, B., & Fischer, W. W. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2018jg004679 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Neoproterozoic tectonic and climatic evolution recorded in the Gariep Belt, Namibia and South Africa
Frimmel, H. E., Fölling, P. G., & Eriksson, P. G. (2002) · Basin Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2117.2002.00166.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The specific case of the Mid-Proterozoic rapakivi granites and associated suite within the context of the Columbia supercontinent
Vigneresse, J. (2005) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2005.01.001 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Biostratigraphic usefulness of stromatolitic precambrian microbiotas: A preliminary analysis
Schopf, J. W. (1977) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(77)90026-2 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Primary hematite in Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic oceans
Sun, S., Konhauser, K. O., Kappler, A. A., & Li, Y. (2015) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b31122.1 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Chemical and biological evolution of early Earth: Constraints from banded iron formations
Ohmoto, H., Watanabe, Y., Yamaguchi, K. E., Naraoka, H., Haruna, M., Kakegawa, T., Hayashi, K., & Kato, Y. (2006) · Geological Society of America eBooks · doi:10.1130/2006.1198(17 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Metallogeny of the Northern Norrbotten Ore Province, northern Fennoscandian Shield with emphasis on IOCG and apatite-iron ore deposits
Martinsson, O., Billström, K., Broman, C., Weihed, P., & Wanhainen, C. (2016) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.02.011 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Size, density and composition of cell–mineral aggregates formed during anoxygenic phototrophic Fe(II) oxidation: Impact on modern and ancient environments
Posth, N. R., Huelin, S., Konhauser, K. O., & Kappler, A. A. (2010) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.036 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Phototrophic Fe(II)-oxidation in the chemocline of a ferruginous meromictic lake
Walter, X. A., Picazo, A., Miracle, M. R., Vicente, E., Camacho, A., Aragno, M., & Zopfi, J. (2014) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00713 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
From banded iron-formation to iron ore: geochemical and mineralogical constraints from across the Hamersley Province, Western Australia
Webb, A. D., Dickens, G. R., & Oliver, N. H. S. (2003) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(02)00352-2 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Secular variations in the composition of sedimentary carbonate rocks, II. Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Si and minor constituents
Veizer, J. (1978) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(78)90024-4 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Extensive deposition of banded iron formations was possible without photosynthesis
François, L. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/320352a0 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Greenalite and its role in the genesis of early Precambrian iron formations – A review
Rasmussen, B., Muhling, J. R., & Krapež, B. (2021) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103613 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
In-situ LA–ICP-MS trace elemental analyses of magnetite: The late Palaeoproterozoic Sokoman Iron Formation in the Labrador Trough, Canada
Chung, D., Zhou, M., Gao, J., & Chen, W. T. (2014) · Ore Geology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.09.030 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
A <scp><scp>Zn</scp></scp> isotope perspective on the rise of continents
Pons, M. ‐., Fujii, T., Rosing, M., Quitté, G., Télouk, P., & Albarède, F. (2013) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12030 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Steep Rock Lake: Sedimentology and geochemistry of an Archean carbonate platform
Fralick, P. W., & Riding, R. (2015) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.006 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The Global Iron Cycle
Kendall, B., Anbar, A. D., Kappler, A. A., & Konhauser, K. O. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118280874.ch6 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Patterns of sedimentation in the Precambrian
Eriksson, P. G., Catuneanu, O., Sarkar, S., & Tirsgaard, H. (2005) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.01.003 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Stable isotope geochemistry of cherts and carbonates from the 2.0 Ga gunflint iron formation: implications for the depositional setting, and the effects of diagenesis and metamorphism
Winter, B. L., & Knauth, L. P. (1992) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(92)90061-r · Cited by 79 · see citing works

The Cycling Redox State of Iron in the Genesis of Banded Iron-Formations and their Associated Enrichment Iron Ores
Morris, R. C. (1986) · Journal of the Geological Society of India · doi:10.17491/jgsi/1986/280209 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Three Great Basins of Precambrian Banded Iron Formation Deposition: A Systematic Comparison
Trendall, A. F. (1968) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1527:tgbopb]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Genesis of iron-bearing minerals in banded iron formation mesobands
Ayres, D. E. (1972)
The origin of the iron-formation-rich Hamersley Group of Western Australia — deposition on a platform
Morris, R. C., & Horwitz, R. C. (1983) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(83)90044-x · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Banded Iron Formation-Related Iron Ore Deposits of the Hamersley Province, Western Australia
Thorne, W., Hagemann, S. G., Webb, A. D., & Clout, J. M. F. (2008) · doi:10.5382/rev.15.08 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Authors: Holland, H. D.
Corresponding author: Holland, Heinrich D.
Venue: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.
Published: 1973-11-01
Volume: 68
Issue: 7
Pages: 1169-1172
ISSN: 0361-0128 (ISSN-L)
1554-0774
DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1169
OpenAlex: W2132760947
Cited by: 365
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 6.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Economic Geology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Geological formations and processes
Keywords: banded iron formations, Hamersley Basin, iron sources, deep-sea water, dissolved iron, iron oxidation, siderite, calcite saturation, iron ore deposits, Precambrian

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Oceans; A Possible Source of Iron in Iron-Formations

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks