Neural constraints on learning
Open accessAbstract
Learning, whether motor, sensory or cognitive, requires networks of neurons to generate new activity patterns. As some behaviours are easier to learn than others, we asked if some neural activity patterns are easier to generate than others. Here we investigate whether an existing network constrains the patterns that a subset of its neurons is capable of exhibiting, and if so, what principles define this constraint. We employed a closed-loop intracortical brain-computer interface learning paradigm in which Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) controlled a computer cursor by modulating neural activity patterns in the primary motor cortex. Using the brain-computer interface paradigm, we could specify and alter how neural activity mapped to cursor velocity. At the start of each session, we observed the characteristic activity patterns of the recorded neural population. The activity of a neural population can be represented in a high-dimensional space (termed the neural space), wherein each dimension corresponds to the activity of one neuron. These characteristic activity patterns comprise a low-dimensional subspace (termed the intrinsic manifold) within the neural space. The intrinsic manifold presumably reflects constraints imposed by the underlying neural circuitry. Here we show that the animals could readily learn to proficiently control the cursor using neural activity patterns that were within the intrinsic manifold. However, animals were less able to learn to proficiently control the cursor using activity patterns that were outside of the intrinsic manifold. These results suggest that the existing structure of a network can shape learning. On a timescale of hours, it seems to be difficult to learn to generate neural activity patterns that are not consistent with the existing network structure. These findings offer a network-level explanation for the observation that we are more readily able to learn new skills when they are related to the skills that we already possess.
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Brain machine interfaces can be used to set up specific local learning problems, in which the brain is asked to create certain user-specified representations, and the dynamics of this process can be monitored.
“Brain machine interfaces can be used to set up specific local learning problems, in which the brain is asked to create certain user-specified representations, and the dynamics of this process can be monitored (Sadtler et al., 2014).”
From Toward an integration of deep learning and neuroscience (2016) · cites this paper as Sadtler et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Sadtler, P. T., Quick, K. M., Golub, M. D., Chase, S. M., Ryu, S. I., Tyler-Kabara, E. C., Yu, B. M., & Batista, A. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (US)
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yu, Byron M.
- Batista, Aaron P.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2014-08
- Volume
- 512
- Issue
- 7515
- Pages
- 423-426
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4393644
- OpenAlex
- W1966537851
- Cited by
- 713
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 74 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 20.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS065065, P30NS076405)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD071686)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- neural activity patterns, neural network topology, motor cortex, brain-computer interface, closed-loop learning, brain reorganization, learning constraints, rhesus monkeys, primary motor cortex, skill transfer
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Computers, Learning, Macaca mulatta, Male, Models, Neurological, Motor Cortex, Motor Skills, Nerve Net, Neurons, Brain-Computer Interfaces
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