Robust neuronal dynamics in premotor cortex during motor planning
Open accessAbstract
Neural activity maintains representations that bridge past and future events, often over many seconds. Network models can produce persistent and ramping activity, but the positive feedback that is critical for these slow dynamics can cause sensitivity to perturbations. Here we use electrophysiology and optogenetic perturbations in the mouse premotor cortex to probe the robustness of persistent neural representations during motor planning. We show that preparatory activity is remarkably robust to large-scale unilateral silencing: detailed neural dynamics that drive specific future movements were quickly and selectively restored by the network. Selectivity did not recover after bilateral silencing of the premotor cortex. Perturbations to one hemisphere are thus corrected by information from the other hemisphere. Corpus callosum bisections demonstrated that premotor cortex hemispheres can maintain preparatory activity independently. Redundancy across selectively coupled modules, as we observed in the premotor cortex, is a hallmark of robust control systems. Network models incorporating these principles show robustness that is consistent with data.
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Serial transformation of sensory inputs along bottom-up hierarchical pathways has been observed in rodents engaged in whisker-discrimination tasks, with increasingly stronger association with perceptual choice in S2 and premotor areas rather than wS1.
“Serial transformation of sensory inputs along bottom–up hierarchical pathways has been observed in rodents engaged in whisker-discrimination tasks (8, 9) with an increasingly stronger association with perceptual choice in S2 (10, 11) and premotor areas (12–14) rather than whisker-related wS1 (9).”
From Neural correlates of perceptual decision-making in the primary somatosensory cortex (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis global regulation is unlikely to originate directly from frontal cortical premotor areas since frontal cortices have a high degree of symmetry for both ipsilateral and contralateral projections.
“Therefore, this global regulation is unlikely to originate directly from frontal cortical premotor areas (12–14) since frontal cortices have a high degree of symmetry for both ipsilateral and contralateral projections (59).”
From Neural correlates of perceptual decision-making in the primary somatosensory cortex (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
The Extended Data section suggests that overall ramping activity may be driven by a source outside ALM, a mouse premotor area. That lends limited support to an external origin, but the paper does not identify the citing sentence’s “global regulation” or establish that it is unlikely to originate from frontal premotor areas generally. The projection-symmetry rationale is attached to a different citation (59), not this source. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeak 4 is likely to reflect participation of the primary somatosensory cortex in motor preparatory activity, often observed in higher motor cortices.
“Hence, peak 4 is likely to reflect participation of the primary somatosensory cortex in motor preparatory activity, often observed in higher motor cortices (12–14).”
From Neural correlates of perceptual decision-making in the primary somatosensory cortex (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
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BackgroundResultInfluentialA Map of Anticipatory Activity in Mouse Motor Cortex
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“Brief and localized optogenetic silencing experiments identified the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM; centered on 2.5 mm anterior, 1.5 mm lateral) as a hub for planning voluntary licking in mice (Guo et al., 2014b; Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationTowards reproducible computational drug discovery
Schaduangrat, N., Lampa, S., Simeon, S., Gleeson, M. P., Spjuth, O., & Nantasenamat, C. (2020) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-020-0408-x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“[100] on the robustness of neural circuits, used the Binder platform to share their computational simulation results.”
MethodReciprocal Circuits Linking the Prefrontal Cortex with Dorsal and Ventral Thalamic Nuclei
Collins, D. P., Anastasiades, P. G., Marlin, J. J., & Carter, A. G. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.024 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
“Recent in vivo studies highlight an important role for callosal connectivity in maintaining activity in frontal cortex (Li et al., 2016).”
InfluentialThe mouse prefrontal cortex: Unity in diversity
Le Merre, P., Ährlund-Richter, S., & Carlén, M. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.035 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
A brain-wide map of neural activity during complex behaviour
Meshulam, L., Angelaki, D. E., Benson, J., McRoberts, I., Noel, J., Arlandis, J., Bonacchi, N., Bougrova, K., Catarino, J. A., Cazettes, F., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09235-0 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“Similar responses were found in rodent parietal 57 , frontal 58,59 and premotor 60,61 cortical regions.”
Self-citationGămănuț, R., Kennedy, H., Toroczkai, Z., Ercsey-Ravasz, M., Essen, D. C. V., Knoblauch, K., & Burkhalter, A. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.12.037 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Cerebellar contribution to preparatory activity in motor neocortex
Chabrol, F. P., Blot, A., & Mrsic-Flogel, T. D. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.022 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
“Because the contralateral ALM has been shown to reinstate preparatory activity at the end of the photoinhibition in the other hemisphere (Li et al., 2016), we examined whether bilateral PC photoactivation would prevent the recovery of ALM preparatory activity (Figure 3) and found that it did not…”
BackgroundSomatosensory Cortex Plays an Essential Role in Forelimb Motor Adaptation in Mice
Mathis, M. W., Mathis, A., & Uchida, N. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.049 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal constraints on optogenetic inactivation in cortical circuits
Li, N., Chen, S., Guo, Z. V., Chen, H., Huo, Y., Inagaki, H., Chen, G., Davis, C., Hansel, D., Guo, C., et al. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.48622 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“To limit activation of interneurons we injected small volumes of Cre-depen- dent ChR2 virus in PV-IRES-Cre mice (Cardin et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2012; Lien and Scanziani, 2013; Pafundo et al., 2016).”
MethodSelf-citationZylberberg, J., & Strowbridge, B. W. (2017) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-070815-014006 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“Experiments in brain slices and in vivo provide supporting evidence for models of dynamical neural activities, in which certain combinations of firing rates nevertheless remain constant (Li et al. 2016, Murray et al. 2016, Zylberberg et al. 2016b).”
BackgroundInfluentialWorking Memory and Decision-Making in a Frontoparietal Circuit Model
Murray, J. D., Jaramillo, J., & Wang, X. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0343-17.2017 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“…of Action cells to differences in upstream Selection cells is related to a geometrical characterization of neural dynamics, whereby some directions in neural state space elicit responses while those in the null-space do not (Vogels and Abbott, 2009; Li et al., 2016; Kaufman et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBaker, A. L., Kalmbach, B. E., Morishima, M., Kim, J., Juavinett, A., Li, N., & Dembrow, N. C. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0150-18.2018 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“In parallel, IT neurons may help maintain the robustness of preparatory activity via projections across the corpus callosum (Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA comparison of neuronal population dynamics measured with calcium imaging and electrophysiology
Wei, Z., Lin, B., Chen, T., Daie, K., Svoboda, K., & Druckmann, S. (2020) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008198 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationConcurrent visual and motor selection during visual working memory guided action
van Ede, F., Chekroud, S. R., Stokes, M. G., & Nobre, A. C. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0335-6 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Prediction signals in the cerebellum: Beyond supervised motor learning
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“This neocortical region is involved in motor planning, and exhibits persistent ramping activity prior to movement that is necessary for accurate motor performance (Guo et al., 2014; Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMovement and Performance Explain Widespread Cortical Activity in a Visual Detection Task
Salkoff, D. B., Zagha, E., McCarthy, E., & McCormick, D. A. (2019) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhz206 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
A midbrain-thalamus-cortex circuit reorganizes cortical dynamics to initiate movement
Inagaki, H., Chen, S., Ridder, M. C., Sah, P., Li, N., Yang, Z., Hasanbegović, H., Gao, Z., Gerfen, C. R., & Svoboda, K. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.006 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
“ALM activity can be decomposed into several activity modes that capture a large proportion of cortical activity (Figure 1) (Li et al., 2016; Inagaki et al., 2018).”
InfluentialSelf-citationSemedo, J. D., Jasper, A. I., Zandvakili, A., Krishna, A., Aschner, A., Machens, C. K., Kohn, A., & Yu, B. M. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28552-w · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Behaviorally Selective Engagement of Short-Latency Effector Pathways by Motor Cortex
Miri, A., Warriner, C. L., Seely, J., Elsayed, G. F., Cunningham, J. P., Churchland, M. M., & Jessell, T. M. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.042 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“Weighted sums of motor cortical firing patterns that are predictive of a decision-making behavior show preferential recovery following transient activity perturbations (Li et al., 2016).”
Drew, P. J., Matéo, C., Turner, K. L., Yu, X., & Kleinfeld, D. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.020 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Cerebellar Neurodynamics Predict Decision Timing and Outcome on the Single-Trial Level
Lin, Q., Manley, J., Helmreich, M., Schlumm, F., Li, J. M., Robson, D. N., Engert, F., Schier, A., Nöbauer, T., & Vaziri, A. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.018 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The brain as an efficient and robust adaptive learner
Denève, S., Alemi, A., & Bourdoukan, R. (2017) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/143222 · Cited by 140
“Indeed, while there has been a recent renewed interest for neural networks in machine learning, particularly deep networks (LeCun et al., 2015) and recurrent networks (Sussillo and Abbott, 2009), they use non-local rules such as the “backpropagation” algorithm that are not biologically plausible…”
BackgroundMethodAttractor dynamics gate cortical information flow during decision-making
Finkelstein, A., Fontolan, L., Economo, M. N., Li, N., Romani, S., & Svoboda, K. (2021) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-021-00840-6 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional clustering of dendritic activity during decision-making
Kerlin, A. M., Mohar, B., Flickinger, D., MacLennan, B. J., Dean, M. B., Davis, C., Spruston, N., & Svoboda, K. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/440396 · Cited by 132
“Anterior lateral motor (ALM) cortex is critical for decision making and planned directional licking in rodents (Guo et al., 2014b; Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRecurrent interactions in local cortical circuits
Peron, S., Pancholi, R., Voelcker, B., Wittenbach, J. D., Ólafsdóttir, H. F., Freeman, J., & Svoboda, K. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2062-x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationOptimal Sequence Memory in Driven Random Networks
Schuecker, J., Goedeke, S., & Helias, M. (2018) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.8.041029 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Brain-wide neural activity underlying memory-guided movement
Chen, S.-S., Liu, Y., Wang, Z. A., Colonell, J., Liu, L. D., Hou, H., Tien, N.-W., Wang, T., Harris, T., Druckmann, S., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.03.01.530520 · Cited by 121
Self-citationA Genetically Defined Compartmentalized Striatal Direct Pathway for Negative Reinforcement
Xiao, X., Deng, H., Furlan, A., Yang, T., Zhang, X., Hwang, G.-R., Tucciarone, J., Wu, P., He, M., Palaniswamy, R., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.032 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“As a result, robust and sustained predictive signals for punishment and reward could be revealed by projecting the population activities of Tshz1+ dMSNs along the coding direction (Allen et al., 2019; Li et al., 2016), which optimally separated the activities during anticipation of punishment from those during anticip…”
BackgroundMethodPreparatory activity and the expansive null-space
Churchland, M. M., & Shenoy, K. V. (2024) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-024-00796-z · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“Owing to this robustness, preparatory activity recovers, and behaviour remains accurate, following unilateral optogenetic perturbations of anterolateral motor cortex 11 .”
Ames, K. C., & Churchland, M. M. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.46159 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“A final possibility is that motor cortical computations are distributed across both hemispheres (Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMemristor‐Based Intelligent Human‐Like Neural Computing
Wang, S., Song, L., Chen, W., Wang, G., Hao, E., Li, C., Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Nathan, A., Hu, G., et al. (2022) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.202200877 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
A Neurosurgical Functional Dissection of the Middle Precentral Gyrus during Speech Production
Silva, A. B., Liu, J. R., Zhao, L., Levy, D. F., Scott, T. L., & Chang, E. F. (2022) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1614-22.2022 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Indeed, across other domains of neuroscience, premotor populations are known to be active during planning of an upcoming action (Nakayama et al., 2008; Pearce and Moran, 2012; Li et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2022).”
BackgroundOptimal anticipatory control as a theory of motor preparation: a thalamo-cortical circuit modelPreprint
Kao, T.-C., Sadabadi, M. S., & Hennequin, G. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.02.931246 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In recent years, neu404 rophysiologists have begun to dissect the causal circuit 405 mechanisms responsible for movement planning, by sys406 tematically perturbing activity in various brain struc407 tures (Li et al., 2016; Guo et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2018; 408 Sauerbrei et al., 2019), and analyzing population record…”
BackgroundLow-dimensional and monotonic preparatory activity in mouse anterior lateral motor cortex
Inagaki, H. K., Inagaki, M., Romani, S., & Svoboda, K. (2018) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3152-17.2018 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationStavisky, S. D., Kao, J. C., Ryu, S. I., & Shenoy, K. V. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.023 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“More recent studies have suggested that reliable motor planning (Li et al., 2016) and motor control (Flint et al., 2016) is achieved by motor cortical circuits tolerating output-null firing rate changes while selectively maintaining the stability of different, ‘‘output-potent’’ patterns that do…”
Hippocampal astrocytes encode reward location
Doron, A., Rubin, A., Benmelech-Chovav, A., Benaim, N., Carmi, T., Refaeli, R., Novick, N., Kreisel, T., Ziv, Y., & Goshen, I. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05146-6 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Optogenetic rewiring of thalamocortical circuits to restore function in the stroke injured brain
Tennant, K. A., Taylor, S. L., White, E. R., & Brown, C. E. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15879 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Scaling Properties of Dimensionality Reduction for Neural Populations and Network Models
Williamson, R. C., Cowley, B. R., Litwin-Kumar, A., Doiron, B., Kohn, A., Smith, M. A., & Yu, B. M. (2016) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005141 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Multiple Maps of the Same Spatial Context Can Stably Coexist in the Mouse Hippocampus
Sheintuch, L., Geva, N., Baumer, H., Rechavi, Y., Rubin, A., & Ziv, Y. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.018 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Anastasiades, P. G., Boada, C. M., & Carter, A. G. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/370536 · Cited by 100
“By increasing the firing of L5 D1+ IT cells projecting across the corpus callosum, D1-R activation may increase communication between hemispheres, which plays an important role in delay period activity (Li et al. 2016).”
BackgroundHerz, D. M., Little, S. J., Pedrosa, D. J., Tinkhauser, G., Cheeran, B., Foltynie, T., Bogacz, R., & Brown, P. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.057 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sensory coding and the causal impact of mouse cortex in a visual decision
Zatka-Haas, P., Steinmetz, N. A., Carandini, M., & Harris, K. D. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.63163 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Targeted photostimulation uncovers circuit motifs supporting short-term memory
Daie, K., Svoboda, K., & Druckmann, S. (2021) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-00776-3 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic Dissection of Neural Circuits: A Decade of Progress
Luo, L., Callaway, E. M., & Svoboda, K. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.05.004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“…A uthor M anuscript biological insight from optogenetic experiments requires careful characterization of the dynamics of the stimulated neurons and downstream neurons and brain areas using neurophysiology and benefit from models of neural circuits (Li et al., 2016; Phillips and Hasenstaub, 2016).”
Self-citationInferring brain-wide interactions using data-constrained recurrent neural network models
Perich, M. G., Arlt, C., Soares, S., Zhou, S., Beirán, M., Andalman, A. S., Benster, T., Young, M. E., Mosher, C. P., Minxha, J., et al. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2026.07.016 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The promise and perils of causal circuit manipulations
Wolff, S. B. E., & Ölveczky, B. P. (2018) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2018.01.004 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Rethinking brain-wide interactions through multi-region “network of networks” modelsPreprint
Perich, M. G., & Rajan, K. (2020) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.31219/osf.io/58qwj · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…applied to show the necessity of different cortical regions to generate perceptual decisions [25,26], select motor plans [27,28] or actions [29] in response to visual cues, generate robust dynamics for motor output [30], and to study interactions between cortical and subcortical regions [31,32].”
BackgroundAnastasiades, P. G., Marlin, J. J., & Carter, A. G. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.073 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“However, because CC neurons are more excitable, they are also recruited by callosal input, enabling communication between hemispheres (Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundRotational dynamics in motor cortex are consistent with a feedback controller
Kalidindi, H. T., Cross, K. P., Lillicrap, T. P., Omrani, M., Falotico, E., Sabes, P. N., & Scott, S. H. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.67256 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Kauvar, I., Machado, T. A., Yuen, E., Kochalka, J., Choi, M., Allen, W. E., Wetzstein, G., & Deisseroth, K. A. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.04.023 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“In the motor system, persistent activity may be mediated by interhemispheric feedback in mouse motor cortex (Li et al., 2016) in addition to other long-range loops between the motor cortex and the thalamus (Guo et al.”
Metastable attractors explain the variable timing of stable behavioral action sequencesPreprint
Recanatesi, S., Pereira, U., Murakami, M., Mainen, Z., & Mazzucato, L. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.01.24.919217 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Previous studies in rodents have identified the secondary motor cortex (M2) as part of a distributed network involved in motor planning, working memory [8] and self-initiated tasks [6, 7].”
BackgroundBrainstem Circuits Controlling Action Diversification
Ruder, L., & Arber, S. (2019) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050201 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
A genetically defined insula-brainstem circuit selectively controls motivational vigor
Deng, H., Xiao, X., Yang, T., Ritola, K., Hantman, A., Li, Y., Huang, Z. J., & Li, B. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.019 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cerebellar granule cell axons support high-dimensional representations
Lanore, F., Cayco-Gajic, N. A., Gurnani, H., Coyle, D., & Silver, R. A. (2021) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-021-00873-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The role of forelimb motor cortex areas in goal directed action in mice
Morandell, K., & Huber, D. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15835-2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Guo, K., Yamawaki, N., Svoboda, K., & Shepherd, G. M. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1333-18.2018 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“This recurrent circuit architecture may relate to the physiological functions of the ALM 7 VM circuit, by supporting persistent activity associated with motor preparation (Li et al., 2016), representing a form of short-term memory.”
BackgroundSelf-citationPyramidal Cell Subtypes and Their Synaptic Connections in Layer 5 of Rat Frontal Cortex
Kawaguchi, Y. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx252 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“The reverberating circuits composed of mutual monosynaptic or closed multisynaptic connections can induce persistent activity, used for the short-term memory buffer (Wang 2008; Sussillo 2014; Li et al. 2016; Rajan et al. 2016).”
Mayrhofer, J. M., El-Boustani, S., Foustoukos, G., Auffret, M., Tamura, K., & Petersen, C. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.008 · Cited by 76
“The direction-specific preparatory activity in tjM1 might be related to anticipatory neuronal activity (or working memory) in delay tasks (Chen et al., 2017; Guo et al., 2014; Li et al., 2016).”
Neural Correlates of Optimal Multisensory Decision MakingPreprint
Hou, H., Zheng, Q., Zhao, Y., Pouget, A., & Gu, Y. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/480178 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“, 2019), and interactions among different brain regions (Li et al., 2016).”
Background50 years of mnemonic persistent activity: quo vadis?
Wang, X. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2021.09.001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“fixed endpoints in the state space of recorded neural population activity, in support of discrete attractor models (Figure 1B) [63].”
BackgroundMethodRotational dynamics in motor cortex are consistent with a feedback controllerPreprint
Kalidindi, H., Cross, K., Lillicrap, T., Omrani, M., Falotico, E., Sabes, P. N., & Scott, S. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.11.17.387043 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“…that perturb neural circuits through stimulation, cooling probes or optogenetics will also provide valuable insight into how inputs are transformed by MC (Guo et al., 2020; Hore et al., 1977; Li et al., 2016; Nashef et al., 2018, 2019; Perich et al., 2020; Svoboda and Li, 2018; Takei et al., 2020).”
BackgroundModularity and robustness of frontal cortical networks
Chen, G., Kang, B., Lindsey, J. W., Druckmann, S., & Li, N. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.026 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationEncoding sensory and motor patterns as time-invariant trajectories in recurrent neural networks
Goudar, V., & Buonomano, D. (2017) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/176198 · Cited by 74
“…on the sub-second scale, and represent time-varying patterns, relies on the inherent continuous dynamics, and computational potential, of recurrent neural networks (Rabinovich et al., 2008; Buonomano and Maass, 2009; Mante et al., 2013; Crowe et al., 2014; Carnevale et al., 2015; Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundPreBötzinger complex neurons drive respiratory modulation of blood pressure and heart rate
Menuet, C., Connelly, A., Bassi, J., Melo, M., Le, S., Kamar, J., Kumar, N. N., McDougall, S., McMullan, S., & Allen, A. M. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.57288 · Cited by 73
“Redundancy is usually a characteristic feature of neuronal networks, as it provides robustness to perturbations (Li et al., 2016).”
Independent representations of ipsilateral and contralateral limbs in primary motor cortex
Heming, E. A., Cross, K. P., Takei, T., Cook, D. J., & Scott, S. H. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.48190 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Li et al. (2016) highlights how activity in ipsilateral motor cortex improves the robustness of activity in the contralateral motor cortex.”
BackgroundWilliamson, R. C., Doiron, B., Smith, M. A., & Yu, B. M. (2019) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2018.12.009 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“106 This concept of functionally-defined neuronal subspaces has also been used in other studies of 107 motor control [47,48], decision making [21,49], short-term memory [21,50], learning [15], and 108 stimulus encoding [51].”
BackgroundMethodOutput Planning at the Input Stage: Action Imprinting for Future Memory-Guided Behaviour
Boettcher, S., Gresch, D., Nobre, A. C., & van Ede, F. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe8212 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Genetic Dissection of Neural Circuits: A Decade of Progress
Luo, L., Callaway, E. M., & Svoboda, K. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.040 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Li, N., Daie, K., Svoboda, K., & Druckmann, S.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Svoboda, Karel
- Druckmann, Shaul
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2016-04-13
- Volume
- 532
- Issue
- 7600
- Pages
- 459-464
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC5081260
- OpenAlex
- W2336155947
- Cited by
- 492
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 27.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2016-06-29)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- premotor cortex, motor planning, preparatory activity, network robustness, interhemispheric connectivity, network redundancy, working memory, optogenetic perturbation, mouse cortex, network models
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Corpus Callosum, Female, Light, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Models, Neurological, Motor Cortex, Movement, Neurons, Mice, Executive Function, Optogenetics
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