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Decoding the visual and subjective contents of the human brain
Open accessAbstract
The potential for human neuroimaging to read out the detailed contents of a person's mental state has yet to be fully explored. We investigated whether the perception of edge orientation, a fundamental visual feature, can be decoded from human brain activity measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Using statistical algorithms to classify brain states, we found that ensemble fMRI signals in early visual areas could reliably predict on individual trials which of eight stimulus orientations the subject was seeing. Moreover, when subjects had to attend to one of two overlapping orthogonal gratings, feature-based attention strongly biased ensemble activity toward the attended orientation. These results demonstrate that fMRI activity patterns in early visual areas, including primary visual cortex (V1), contain detailed orientation information that can reliably predict subjective perception. Our approach provides a framework for the readout of fine-tuned representations in the human brain and their subjective contents.
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“MVPA is more likely to reflect population codes across neurons43,45,48, as they have demonstrably greater sensitivity and specificity to particular types of mental events17,31,32.”
From Separate neural representations for physical pain and social rejection (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kamitani, Y., & Tong, F.
- Affiliations
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (JP)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kamitani, Yukiyasu
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-04-24
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 679-685
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC1808230
- OpenAlex
- W2036084760
- Cited by
- 1,829
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 113 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 99 · 2014: 111 · 2013: 119 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 30.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50 MH62196, P50MH062196)
- National Eye Institute (R01-EY14202, R01EY014202)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- fMRI decoding, primary visual cortex, early visual areas, feature-based attention, orientation discrimination, visual perception
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Attention, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Neurological, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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