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Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation
Open accessAbstract
Periodontitis is a dysbiotic inflammatory disease with an adverse impact on systemic health. Recent studies have provided insights into the emergence and persistence of dysbiotic oral microbial communities that can mediate inflammatory pathology at local as well as distant sites. This Review discusses the mechanisms of microbial immune subversion that tip the balance from homeostasis to disease in oral or extra-oral sites.
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“Recent studies have also highlighted that the mineralized structure of calculus may promote a dysbiotic shift in the microbial community, contributing to persistent inflammation and disease progression [4].”
From In vitro biomimetic development of artificial dental calculus: a proof of concept study (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Periodontal disease is caused by dysbiosis of subgingival microbial communities that adversely affects the host immune system such that it creates and maintains unmitigated inflammation in gingival and periodontal tissues, thus preventing immune subversion and tissue recovery.10”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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“It is speculated that aspiration pneumonia is also closely related to oral microorganisms due to the aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions (Hajishengallis, 2015).”
From Oral Microbiome and SARS-CoV-2: Beware of Lung Co-infection (2020) · cites this paper as Hajishengallis, 2015
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“gingivalis has a number of virulence factors that can drive immune escape, including dampening host immunity, altering cytokine production, and affecting cell signaling mechanisms (43).”
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“In this condition, dysregulated mucosal inflammation triggers destruction of soft tissues and the supporting alveolar bone, leading to tooth loss in severe cases (Hajishengallis, 2015).”
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Porphyromonas gingivalis disturbs host–commensal homeostasis by changing complement function
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Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hajishengallis, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hajishengallis, George
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2014-12-23
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 30-44
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- PMC
- PMC4276050
- OpenAlex
- W2021838232
- Cited by
- 3,046
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 400 · 2025: 359 · 2024: 348 · 2023: 394 · 2022: 291 · 2021: 318 · 2020: 262 · 2019: 215 · 2018: 135 · 2017: 144 · 2016: 131 · 2015: 46
- FWCI
- 18.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 068730, P01AI068730)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE-015254, DE017138, R01DE015254, R01DE024716, DE021685, R01DE021685, R01DE017138)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Research and COVID-19
- Keywords
- periodontitis, systemic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, oral dysbiosis, oral microbiota, oral-systemic disease link, host-pathogen interaction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibiosis, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Immunity, Periodontitis, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Symbiosis
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