Probiotics-induced changes in gut microbial composition and its effects on cognitive performance after stress: exploratory analyses
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Abstract
Abstract Stress negatively affects cognitive performance. Probiotics remediate somatic and behavioral stress responses, hypothetically by acting on the gut microbiota. Here, we assessed gut microbial alterations after 28-days supplementation of multi-strain probiotics (EcologicBarrier consisting of Lactobacilli, Lactococci and Bifidobacteria in healthy, female subjects (probiotics group n=27, placebo group n=29). In an identical pre- and post-session, subjects performed a working memory task before and after an acute stress intervention. One-month supplementation of probiotics changed the gut microbial community (within probiotics group P weighted unifrac =0.008). This change was driven by a nominal increase in eight genera in the probiotics group relative to the placebo group: Butyricimonas, Parabacteroides, Alistipes, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-003, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 . Of these, the probiotics-induced change in genus Ruminococcaceae_UCG-003 was significantly associated with probiotics’ effect on stress-induced working memory changes (r spearman (27) = 0.565; pFDR = 0.014) in the probiotics group only and independent of potential confounders (i.e., age, BMI, and baseline dietary fibre intake). That is, subjects with a higher increase in Ruminococcaceae_UCG-003 abundance after probiotics were also more protected from negative effects of stress on working memory after probiotic supplementation. The bacterial taxa showing an increase in relative abundance in the probiotics group are plant fibre degrading bacteria and produce short-chain fatty acids that are known for their beneficial effect on gut and brain health, e.g. maintaining intestinal- and blood-brain-barrier integrity. This study shows that gut microbial alterations, modulated through probiotics use, are related to improved cognitive performance in acute stress circumstances.
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Mechanistic studies have linked the stress response, cognition, and microbiota-gut-brain axis, demonstrating a relative abundance of fibre-degrading bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids, as well as changes in the serotonin and dopamine-norepinephrine pathways.
“Mechanistic studies have further linked the stress response, cognition, and MGB axis, demonstrating a relative abundance of fibre-degrading bacteria that produce SCFAs, as well as changes in the serotonin and dopamine-norepinephrine pathways (474, 475).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [474]
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Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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- Authors
- Bloemendaal, M., Szopinska-Tokov, J., Belzer, C., Boverhoff, D., Papalini, S., Michels, F., van Hemert, S., Arias Vasquez, A., & Aarts, E.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bloemendaal, Mirjam
- ORCID
- Venue
- Translational Psychiatry
- Published
- 2021-05-20
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 300-300
- ISSN
- 2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8137885
- OpenAlex
- W3163710097
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 12.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (728018, 643051)
- Winclove Probiotics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (057-14-001, 016.135.023)
- Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs under the TKI Life Science and Health, project LSHM15034
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- probiotics, gut microbiota, acute stress, working memory, cognitive performance, short-chain fatty acids, lactobacilli, Bifidobacterium, lactococci, stress-induced cognitive impairment, beta diversity, female subjects
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Bacteria, Cognition, Female, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Probiotics, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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