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Cited by 177Child Abuse and TraumaStress Responses and CortisolMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

Early life adversity shapes neural circuit function during sensitive postnatal developmental periods

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Malave, Lauren, van Dijk, Milenna T., Anacker, Christoph·2022·Translational Psychiatry
DOI 10.1038/s41398-022-02092-9PMC PMC9343623
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Abstract

Early life adversity (ELA) is a major risk factor for mental illness, but the neurobiological mechanisms by which ELA increases the risk for future psychopathology are still poorly understood. Brain development is particularly malleable during prenatal and early postnatal life, when complex neural circuits are being formed and refined through an interplay of excitatory and inhibitory neural input, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, myelination, and neurogenesis. Adversity that influences these processes during sensitive periods of development can thus have long-lasting and pervasive effects on neural circuit maturation. In this review, we will discuss clinical and preclinical evidence for the impact of ELA on neural circuit formation with a focus on the early postnatal period, and how long-lasting impairments in these circuits can affect future behavior. We provide converging evidence from human and animal studies on how ELA alters the functional development of brain regions, neural circuits, and neurotransmitter systems that are crucial for cognition and affective behavior, including the hippocampus, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neural networks of fear responses and cognition, and the serotonin (5-HT) system. We also discuss how gene-by-environment (GxE) interactions can determine individual differences in susceptibility and resilience to ELA, as well as molecular pathways by which ELA regulates neural circuit development, for which we emphasize epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the molecular and neurobiological mechanisms underlying ELA effects on brain function and psychopathology during early postnatal sensitive periods may have great potential to advance strategies to better treat or prevent psychiatric disorders that have their origin early in life.

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Authors
Malave, L., van Dijk, M. T., & Anacker, C.
Affiliations
Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Anacker, Christoph
ORCID
Venue
Translational Psychiatry
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-08-01
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
306-306
ISSN
2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41398-022-02092-9
PMC
PMC9343623
OpenAlex
W4289260773
Cited by
177
References
209
Citations by year
2026: 49 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 4
FWCI
5.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5R00MH108719, P50MH090964, R01MH126105, R01MH036197, K99MH129611)
  • Brain Behavior Research Foundation
  • Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology
  • American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (YIG-R-001-19)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Keywords
childhood adversity, neural circuit development, postnatal development, sensitive period, brain development, hippocampus, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, fear response, serotonergic system, gene-environment interaction, epigenetics, resilience, mental illness, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, myelination, neurogenesis
MeSH terms
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Animals, Female, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Psychopathology, Serotonin, Stress, Psychological

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