A Novel Mouse Model for Acute and Long-Lasting Consequences of Early Life Stress
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Chronic early-life stress (ES) exerts profound acute and long-lasting effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, with relevance to cognitive function and affective disorders. Our ability to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects should benefit greatly from appropriate mouse models because these would enable use of powerful transgenic methods. Therefore, we have characterized a mouse model of chronic ES, which was provoked in mouse pups by abnormal, fragmented interactions with the dam. Dam-pup interaction was disrupted by limiting the nesting and bedding material in the cages, a manipulation that affected this parameter in a dose-dependent manner. At the end of their week-long rearing in the limited-nesting cages, mouse pups were stressed, as apparent from elevated basal plasma corticosterone levels. In addition, steady-state mRNA levels of CRH in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of ES-experiencing pups were reduced, without significant change in mRNA levels of arginine vasopressin. Rearing mouse pups in this stress-provoking cage environment resulted in enduring effects: basal plasma corticosterone levels were still increased, and CRH mRNA levels in paraventricular nucleus remained reduced in adult ES mice, compared with those of controls. In addition, hippocampus-dependent learning and memory functions were impaired in 4- to 8-month-old ES mice. In summary, this novel, robust model of chronic early life stress in the mouse results in acute and enduring neuroendocrine and cognitive abnormalities. This model should facilitate the examination of the specific genes and molecules involved in the generation of this stress as well as in its consequences.
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Plasma corticosterone levels were measured using a commercial kit with assay sensitivity 0.16 μg dl−1, and all samples were run in a single assay.
“Plasma corticosterone levels were measured in a subset of mice at one (n=3 per group) or five hours (n=4 per group) from stress onset, compared with stress-free controls (n=9), using a commercial kit.33 Assay sensitivity was 0.16 μg dl−1, and all samples were run in a single assay.”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Rice, C. J., Sandman, C. A., Lenjavi, M. R., & Baram, T. Z.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baram, Tallie Z.
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2008-06-19
- Volume
- 149
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4892-4900
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- PMC
- PMC2582918
- OpenAlex
- W1988125482
- Cited by
- 521
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH73136, R01MH073136)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 28912, R01NS028912)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- mouse model, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticosterone, corticotropin-releasing factor, paraventricular nucleus, vasopressin, neuroendocrine stress response
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Age Factors, Animals, Anxiety, Arginine Vasopressin, Chronic Disease, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Disease Models, Animal, Environment, Female, Hippocampus, Housing, Animal, Hypothalamus, Memory Disorders, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nesting Behavior, Pregnancy, RNA, Messenger, Stress, Psychological, Maze Learning, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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