Sensitive periods in affective development: nonlinear maturation of fear learning

Hartley, Catherine A; Lee, Francis S

doi:10.1038/npp.2014.179

Cited by 80Memory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Sensitive periods in affective development: nonlinear maturation of fear learning

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Hartley, Catherine A, Lee, Francis S·2015·Neuropsychopharmacology

DOI 10.1038/npp.2014.179PMC PMC4262897

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Abstract

At specific maturational stages, neural circuits enter sensitive periods of heightened plasticity, during which the development of both brain and behavior are highly receptive to particular experiential information. A relatively advanced understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing the initiation, closure, and reinstatement of sensitive period plasticity has emerged from extensive research examining the development of the visual system. In this article, we discuss a large body of work characterizing the pronounced nonlinear changes in fear learning and extinction that occur from childhood through adulthood, and their underlying neural substrates. We draw upon the model of sensitive period regulation within the visual system, and present burgeoning evidence suggesting that parallel mechanisms may regulate the qualitative changes in fear learning across development.

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There is still a consensus that the amygdala, hippocampus, vmPFC, and ACC are central to fear learning and, especially, fear extinction.
“there is still a consensus that the Am, Hip, vmPFC, and ACC are central to fear learning [review in Ref. (193, 194)] and, especially, fear extinction [reviews in Ref. (187, 188, 195)].”
From The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis of Nightmares (2017) · cites this paper as [187]

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Authors: Hartley, C. A., & Lee, F. S.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author: Hartley, Catherine A
ORCID: Hartley, Catherine A
Lee, Francis S
Venue: Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2014-07-18
Volume: 40
Issue: 1
Pages: 50-60
ISSN: 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
1740-634X
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.179
PMC: PMC4262897
OpenAlex: W2024045888
Cited by: 80
References: 134
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 0.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: sensitive period, fear learning, fear extinction, emotional development, neuroplasticity, visual system development, childhood to adulthood development
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Critical Period, Psychological, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Humans, Learning, Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity

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Sensitive periods in affective development: nonlinear maturation of fear learning

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