Maternal care effects on the hippocampal transcriptome and anxiety-mediated behaviors in the offspring that are reversible in adulthood
Open accessAbstract
Early-life experience has long-term consequences on behavior and stress responsivity of the adult. We previously proposed that early-life experience results in stable epigenetic programming of glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in the hippocampus. The aim of this study was to examine the global effect of early-life experience on the hippocampal transcriptome and the development of stress-mediated behaviors in the offspring and whether such effects were reversible in adulthood. Adult offspring were centrally infused with saline vehicle, the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), or the essential amino acid l-methionine. The animals were assessed in an unfamiliar open-field arena, and the hippocampal transcriptome of each animal was evaluated by microarray analysis. Here we report that TSA and methionine treatment reversed the effect of maternal care on open-field behavior. We identified >900 genes stably regulated by maternal care. A fraction of these differences in gene expression is reversible by either the histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA or the methyl donor l-methionine. These results suggest that early-life experience has a stable and broad effect on the hippocampal transcriptome and anxiety-mediated behavior, which is potentially reversible in adulthood.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Epigenetic modifications occur across time and space and are indeterminate and unpredictable.
“Moreover, I emphasize that epigenetic modifications occur across time and space and are indeterminate and unpredictable (Bollati and Baccarelli 2010; Weaver, Meaney, and Szyf 2006, my emphasis).”
From The Politics of Postgenomic Reproduction: Exploring Pregnant Narratives from within a Clinical Trial (2022) · cites this paper as Weaver, Meaney, and Szyf 2006
Chronic central infusion of adult offspring of Low LG mothers with trichostatin A significantly increased H3K9ac, NGFI-A binding to the GR-17 promoter, and GR expression to levels comparable to offspring of High LG mothers.
“Chronic, central infusion of adult offspring of Low LG mothers with the broad spectrum HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA),109 significantly increased H3K9ac, NGFI-A binding to the GR-17 promoter, and GR expression to levels comparable to those observed in the offspring of High LG mothers.”
From Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (2014) · cites this paper as [109]
Cites
Liu, D., Diorio, J., Tannenbaum, B., Caldji, C., Francis, D., Freedman, A., Sharma, S., Pearson, D., Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5332.1659 · Cited by 3,170 · see citing works
Self-citationMeaney, M. J. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1161 · Cited by 2,708 · see citing works
Self-citationNongenomic Transmission Across Generations of Maternal Behavior and Stress Responses in the Rat
Francis, D., Diorio, J., Liu, D., & Meaney, M. J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5442.1155 · Cited by 1,965 · see citing works
Self-citationChampagne, F. A., Francis, D. D., Mar, A., & Meaney, M. J. (2003) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00149-5 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Weaver, I. C. G., Champagne, F. A., Brown, S. E., Dymov, S., Sharma, S., Meaney, M. J., & Szyf, M. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3652-05.2005 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal behavior regulates long‐term hippocampal expression of BAX and apoptosis in the offspring
Weaver, I. C. G., Grant, R. J., & Meaney, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01054.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effect of In Utero and Early-Life Conditions on Adult Health and Disease
Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C., & Thornburg, K. L. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0708473 · Cited by 3,898 · see citing works
Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility
Jirtle, R. L., & Skinner, M. K. (2007) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2045 · Cited by 2,492 · see citing works
The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments
Pariante, C. M., & Lightman, S. L. (2008) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.06.006 · Cited by 2,009 · see citing works
Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations
Dias, B. G., & Ressler, K. J. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3594 · Cited by 1,338 · see citing works
Lasting epigenetic influence of early-life adversity on the BDNF gene
Roth, T. L., Lubin, F. D., Funk, A. J., & Sweatt, J. D. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.028 · Cited by 1,273 · see citing works
Early Developmental Conditioning of Later Health and Disease: Physiology or Pathophysiology?
Hanson, M. A., & Gluckman, P. D. (2014) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2013 · Cited by 1,188 · see citing works
Long story short: the serotonin transporter in emotion regulation and social cognition
Canli, T., & Lesch, K.-P. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1964 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Epigenetic mechanisms and the transgenerational effects of maternal care
Champagne, F. A. (2008) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.03.003 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Antidepressant Actions of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Covington, H. E., Maze, I., LaPlant, Q. C., Vialou, V. F., Ohnishi, Y. N., Berton, O., Fass, D. M., Renthal, W., Rush, A. J., Wu, E. Y., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1758-09.2009 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Epigenetics and the environmental regulation of the genome and its function
Zhang, T.-Y., & Meaney, M. J. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163625 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Self-citationExperience and the developing prefrontal cortex
Kolb, B., Mychasiuk, R., Muhammad, A., Li, Y., Frost, D. O., & Gibb, R. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121251109 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Lifecourse Health Development: Past, Present and Future
Halfon, N., Larson, K., Lu, M., Tullis, E., & Russ, S. (2014) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-013-1346-2 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
The Emerging Field of Human Social Genomics
Slavich, G. M., & Cole, S. W. (2013) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613478594 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Expressed Emotion and Relapse of Psychopathology
Hooley, J. M. (2007) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095236 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Broad Epigenetic Signature of Maternal Care in the Brain of Adult Rats
McGowan, P. O., Suderman, M., Sasaki, A., Huang, T. C. T., Hallett, M., Meaney, M. J., & Szyf, M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014739 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Self-citationStevens, R. G., Hansen, J., Costa, G., Haus, E., Kauppinen, T., Aronson, K. J., Castaño-Vinyals, G., Davis, S., Frings-Dresen, M. H. W., Fritschi, L., et al. (2011) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2009.053512 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Environment and Brain Plasticity: Towards an Endogenous Pharmacotherapy
Sale, A., Berardi, N., & Maffei, L. (2014) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00036.2012 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Attenuation of cortisol across development for victims of sexual abuse
Trickett, P. K., Noll, J. G., Susman, E. J., Shenk, C. E., & Putnam, F. W. (2010) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579409990332 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in physiological and pathological brain processes
Gräff, J., Kim, D., Dobbin, M. M., & Tsai, L.-H. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2010 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Epigenetic influences on brain development and plasticity
Fagiolini, M., Jensen, C. L., & Champagne, F. A. (2009) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2009.05.009 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Epigenetic basis of mental illness
Nestler, E. J., Peña, C. J., Kundakovic, M., Mitchell, A., & Akbarian, S. (2016) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858415608147 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Epigenetics of autism spectrum disorders
Schanen, N. C. (2006) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl213 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Nurturing brain plasticity: Impact of environmental enrichment
Baroncelli, L., Braschi, C., Spolidoro, M., Begenisic, T., Sale, A., & Maffei, L. (2010) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2009.193 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Andersen, S. L., & Teicher, M. H. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.009 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Conserved epigenetic sensitivity to early life experience in the rat and human hippocampus
Suderman, M., McGowan, P. O., Sasaki, A., Huang, T. C. T., Hallett, M. T., Meaney, M. J., Turecki, G., & Szyf, M. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121260109 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly-life experience, epigenetics, and the developing brain
Kundakovic, M., & Champagne, F. A. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.140 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Depression and Antidepressant Action
Vialou, V., Feng, J., Robison, A. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2013) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134540 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Epigenetic Mediation of Environmental Influences in Major Psychotic Disorders
Rutten, B. P. F., & Mill, J. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp104 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids, developmental ‘programming’ and the risk of affective dysfunction
Seckl, J. R. (2007) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(07)67002-2 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Roth, T. L., & David Sweatt, J. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02282.x · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Nongenetic inheritance and transgenerational epigenetics
Szyf, M. (2015) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.12.004 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citationWeaver, I. C. G. (2007) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.2.1.3881 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function
Anacker, C., O'Donnell, K. J., & Meaney, M. J. (2014) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2014.16.3/canacker · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationDNA methylation and childhood maltreatment: From animal models to human studies
Lutz, P.-E., & Turecki, G. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.069 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
An Essential Role for Histone Deacetylase 4 in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Formation
Kim, M.-S., Akhtar, M. W., Adachi, M., Mahgoub, M., Bassel-Duby, R., Kavalali, E. T., Olson, E. N., & Monteggia, L. M. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2089-12.2012 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
An epigenetic framework for neurodevelopmental disorders: From pathogenesis to potential therapy
Millan, M. J. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.015 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Social regulation of human gene expression: mechanisms and implications for public health
Cole, S. W. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301183 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Transcriptional modulation of the developing immune system by early life social adversity
Cole, S. W., Conti, G., Arevalo, J. M. G., Ruggiero, A. M., Heckman, J. J., & Suomi, S. J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1218253109 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Maternal high fat diet consumption during the perinatal period programs offspring behavior
Sullivan, E. L., Nousen, E. K., & Chamlou, K. A. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.07.014 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The Role of Life Events and HPA Axis in Anxiety Disorders: A Review
Faravelli, C., Lo Sauro, C., Lelli, L., Pietrini, F., Lazzeretti, L., Godini, L., Benni, L., Fioravanti, G., Alina Talamba, G., Castellini, G., et al. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212803530907 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Childhood stressful events, HPA axis and anxiety disorders
Faravelli, C. (2012) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v2.i1.13 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Epigenetic marking of the BDNF gene by early-life adverse experiences
Roth, T. L., & Sweatt, J. D. (2011) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.05.005 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Epigenetics and the Biological Basis of Gene × Environment Interactions
Bagot, R. C., & Meaney, M. J. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.06.001 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationEpigenetic signaling in psychiatric disorders: stress and depression
Bagot, R. C., Labonté, B., Peña, C. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2014) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2014.16.3/rbagot · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Epigenetic Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders
Peña, C. J., Bagot, R. C., Labonté, B., & Nestler, E. J. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2014.03.016 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The epigenetic impacts of social stress: how does social adversity become biologically embedded?
Cunliffe, V. T. (2016) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2016-0075 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Early life experience drives structural variation of neural genomes in mice
Bedrosian, T. A., Quayle, C., Novaresi, N., & Gage, F. H. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aah3378 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Elevating the perspective on human stress genomics
Cole, S. W. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.06.008 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid programming of the fetal male hippocampal epigenome
Crudo, A., Suderman, M., Moisiadis, V. G., Petropoulos, S., Kostaki, A., Hallett, M., Szyf, M., & Matthews, S. G. (2013) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2012-1980 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationEpigenetic mechanisms underlying learning and the inheritance of learned behaviors
Dias, B. G., Maddox, S. A., Klengel, T., & Ressler, K. J. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.12.003 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Blaze, J., Scheuing, L., & Roth, T. L. (2013) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000350716 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Tyrka, A. R., Ridout, K. K., & Parade, S. H. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000870 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Jiang, Y., Jakovcevski, M., Bharadwaj, R., Connor, C., Schroeder, F. A., Lin, C. L., Straubhaar, J., Martin, G., & Akbarian, S. (2010) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1314-10.2010 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Matrisciano, F., Tueting, P., Maccari, S., Nicoletti, F., & Guidotti, A. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.274 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Turner, J. D., Pelascini, L. P. L., Macedo, J. A., & Muller, C. P. (2008) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkn897 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Duclot, F., & Kabbaj, M. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.107086 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Bartlett, A. A., Singh, R., & Hunter, R. G. (2017) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53889-1_8 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Current status and future prospects for epigenetic psychopharmacology
Boks, M. P., de Jong, N. M., Kas, M. J. H., Vinkers, C. H., Fernandes, C., Kahn, R. S., Mill, J., & Ophoff, R. A. (2012) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.7.1.18688 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Lesch, K.-P. (2011) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2010_109 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Branchi, I., Karpova, N. N., D’Andrea, I., Castrén, E., & Alleva, E. (2011) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2011.03.038 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Environmental regulation of the neural epigenome
Caldji, C., Hellstrom, I. C., Zhang, T.-Y., Diorio, J., & Meaney, M. J. (2011) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.032 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationSex Differences in Brain Epigenetics
Menger, Y., Bettscheider, M., Murgatroyd, C., & Spengler, D. (2010) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi.10.60 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Epigenetics, a key for unlocking complex CNS disorders? Therapeutic implications
Szyf, M. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.01.009 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationBogoch, Y., Biala, Y. N., Linial, M., & Weinstock, M. (2007) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04402.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Early life stress inhibits expression of a novel innate immune pathway in the developing hippocampus
Wei, L., Simen, A., Mane, S., & Kaffman, A. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.239 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Monteleone, M. C., Adrover, E., Pallarés, M. E., Antonelli, M. C., Frasch, A. C., & Brocco, M. A. (2014) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.25925 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Epigenetic alterations associated with war trauma and childhood maltreatment
Ramo‐Fernández, L., Schneider, A., Wilker, S., & Kolassa, I. (2015) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2200 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Postnatal behavioral and inflammatory alterations in female pups prenatally exposed to valproic acid
Kazlauskas, N., Campolongo, M., Lucchina, L., Zappala, C., & Depino, A. M. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.06.001 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Straley, M. E., Van Oeffelen, W., Theze, S., Sullivan, A. M., O’Mahony, S. M., Cryan, J. F., & O’Keeffe, G. W. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.06.002 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Field, T. (2012) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2012.36066 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Faravelli, C., Amedei, S. G., Rotella, F., Faravelli, L., Palla, A., Consoli, G., Ricca, V., Batini, S., Sauro, C. L., Spiti, A., et al. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710000115 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Nervous system regulation of the cancer genome
Cole, S. W. (2013) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.11.008 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
McNerney, M. W., Sheng, T., Nechvatal, J. M., Lee, A. G., Lyons, D. M., Soman, S., Liao, C.-P., O’Hara, R., Hallmayer, J., Taylor, J., et al. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192222 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zhong, H., Rong, J., Zhu, C., Liang, M., Li, Y., & Zhou, R. (2020) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaa020 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Perinatal stress and epigenetics.
(2021) · Handbook of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00008-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mendonça, M. S., Mangiavacchi, P. M., Mendes, A. V., Loureiro, S. R., Martín-Santos, R., Glória, L. S., Marques, W., De Marco, S. P. G., Kanashiro, M. M., Hallak, J. E. C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.031 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cho, S.-H., Chai, J. H., Chang, S.-Y., & Kim, S. A. (2020) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-020-03065-4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Enhancement of psychotherapy using epigenetic modulating drugs
Gavin, D. P., Chase, K. A., & Sharma, R. P. (2011) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03.042 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Politics of Postgenomic Reproduction: Exploring Pregnant Narratives from within a Clinical Trial
Valdez, N. (2022) · Science, Technology, & Human Values · doi:10.1177/01622439211066759 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Weaver, I. C. G., Meaney, M. J., & Szyf, M.
- Affiliations
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- McGill Program for the Study of Behaviour, Genes, and Environment and
- Corresponding author
- Meaney, Michael J.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2006-02-16
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3480-3485
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1413873
- OpenAlex
- W1967340797
- Cited by
- 771
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 63
- FWCI
- 19.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- maternal care, hippocampal transcriptome, anxiety-like behavior, early life experience, epigenetic programming, glucocorticoid receptor, histone deacetylase inhibition, trichostatin A, methionine, DNA methylation, open field behavior
- MeSH terms
- Reelin Protein, Aging, Animals, Anxiety, Behavior, Animal, DNA Helicases, Gene Expression Regulation, Hippocampus, Histone Deacetylases, Hydroxamic Acids, Maternal Behavior, Methionine, Mothers, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Proteins, Serine Endopeptidases, Transcription, Genetic, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Rats, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, RNA, Long Noncoding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
