Meta-analysis of the Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation
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Abstract
The gut microbiota is emerging as an important modulator of neurodegenerative diseases, and accumulating evidence has linked gut microbes to Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptomatology and pathophysiology. PD is often preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations of the enteric nervous system accompany the disease. Several studies have analyzed the gut microbiome in PD, but a consensus on the features of the PD-specific microbiota is missing. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis re-analyzing the ten currently available 16S microbiome datasets to investigate whether common alterations in the gut microbiota of PD patients exist across cohorts. We found significant alterations in the PD-associated microbiome, which are robust to study-specific technical heterogeneities, although differences in microbiome structure between PD and controls are small. Enrichment of the genera Lactobacillus , Akkermansia , and Bifidobacterium and depletion of bacteria belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family and the Faecalibacterium genus, both important short-chain fatty acids producers, emerged as the most consistent PD gut microbiome alterations. This dysbiosis might result in a pro-inflammatory status which could be linked to the recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms affecting PD patients.
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The metagenomic findings on the PD gut microbiome are in agreement with the results of an earlier meta-analysis of the PD gut microbiome.
“These findings are in agreement with the results of an earlier meta-analysis of the PD gut microbiome.”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [540]
Gut microbiome alterations and intestinal barrier impairment have been observed in patients with MCI, AD, PD, and ALS.
“Gut microbiome alterations and intestinal barrier impairment have been observed in patients with MCI, AD, PD, and ALS patients.”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [540]
Intestinal inflammation is a crucial contributor to PD development.
“Intestinal inflammation is a crucial contributor to PD development [53,54,55,56].”
From Neuroprotective Effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1067 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [55]
Parkinson's disease patients are characterized by an overgrowth of the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia and of the opportunistic pathogens Porphyromonas and Corynebacterium, together with a decreased abundance of the SCFAs producers Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Faecalibacterium.
“meta-analysis and systematic reviews report that PD patients are characterized by an overgrowth of the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia and of the opportunistic pathogens Porphyromonas and Corynebacterium, together with a decreased abundance of the SCFAs producers Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Faecalibacterium [52,53,54,55,56]”
From The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [54]
A more recent meta-analysis of ten case-control studies showed that elevated genera Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium and decreased Lachnospiraceae family and genus Faecalibacterium are the most consistent alteration in the gut microbiota composition in Parkinson's disease.
“A more recent meta-analysis of ten case-control studies showed that elevated genera Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium and decreased Lachnospiraceae family and genus Faecalibacterium are the most consistent alteration in the gut microbiota composition in Parkinson's disease [418].”
From The Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [418]
Parkinson's disease-related gut dysbiosis is associated with the imbalance of SCFAs-producing bacteria (Prevotellaceae, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcaceae), bacteria that participate in lipid metabolism (e.g., Christensenellaceae) and those controlling gut permeability (e.g., Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia).
“It appears that the Parkinson's disease-related gut dysbiosis is associated with the imbalance of SCFAs-producing bacteria (Prevotellaceae, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcaceae), bacteria that participate in lipid metabolism (e.g., Christensenellaceae) and those controlling gut permeability (e.g., Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia) [418,419,445].”
From The Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [418]
Recent studies have shown dramatic changes in the GM of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia.
“Furthermore, recent studies have shown dramatic changes in the GM of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia (73–77).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [74]
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
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- Authors
- Romano, S., Savva, G. M., Bedarf, J. R., Charles, I. G., Hildebrand, F., & Narbad, A.
- Affiliations
- Norwich Research Park (GB)
- Quadram Institute (GB)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Romano, Stefano
- Venue
- npj Parkinson's Disease
- Published
- 2021-03-10
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-27
- ISSN
- 2373-8057 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7946946
- OpenAlex
- W3135229876
- Cited by
- 707
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 137 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 152 · 2021: 48
- FWCI
- 12.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- npj Parkinson s Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/R012490/1, BBS/E/F/000PR10356)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, gut microbiota, intestinal inflammation, dysbiosis, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, short-chain fatty acids, gastrointestinal symptoms, enteric nervous system, neurodegenerative diseases
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