Exploring the connection between the gut microbiome and parkinson's disease symptom progression and pathology: implications for supplementary treatment options
Open accessAbstract
The contribution of the microbiota to induce gastrointestinal inflammation is hypothesized to be a key component of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) aggregation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the pathological progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The function of the GI tract is governed by a system of neurons that form part of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS hosts 100–500 million nerve cells within two thin layers lining the GI tract. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is the major communication pathway between the ENS and the central nervous system. It has become increasingly clear that the microbiota in the gut are key regulators of GBA function and help to maintain homeostasis in the immune and endocrine systems. The GBA may act as a possible etiological launching pad for the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD, because of an imbalance in the gut microbiota. PD is a multi-faceted illness with multiple biological, immunological, and environmental factors contributing to its pathological progression. Interestingly, individuals with PD have an altered gut microbiota compared to healthy individuals. However, there is a lack of literature describing the relationship between microbiota composition in the gut and symptom progression in PD patients. This review article examines how the pathology and symptomology of PD may originate from dysregulated signaling in the ENS. We then discuss by targeting the imbalance within the gut microbiota such as prebiotics and probiotics, some of the prodromal symptoms might be alleviated, possibly curtailing the pathological spread of aSyn and ensuing debilitating motor symptoms.
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Disruption of GFAP in the enteric nervous system suggests that the gut microbiota affects gut neuromuscular structure as well as function, and that imbalance in the gut microbiota may act as a potential trigger for degenerative diseases.
“Additionally, disruption of GFAP in the ENS suggests that the gut microbiota affects gut neuromuscular structure as well as function, and that imbalance in the gut microbiota may act as a potential trigger for degenerative diseases (81).”
From Modulation of the gut–brain axis via the gut microbiota: a new era in treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
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- Authors
- Chan, D. G., Ventura, K., Villeneuve, A., Du Bois, P., & Holahan, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Carleton University (CA)
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Corresponding author
- Chan, Dennis G.
- Venue
- Journal of Parkinson's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-12-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2339-2352
- ISSN
- 1877-7171 (ISSN-L)
- 1877-718X
- PMC
- PMC9837702
- OpenAlex
- W4306747523
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Parkinson s Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, enteric nervous system, alpha-synuclein aggregation, gastrointestinal inflammation, symptom progression, prebiotics, probiotics, neurodegeneration, motor symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Central Nervous System, Homeostasis, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Enteric Nervous System
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