First-in-human liver-tumour surgery guided by multispectral fluorescence imaging in the visible and near-infrared-I/II windows

Near-infrared fluorophores for biomedical imaging

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Intraoperative tumor-specific fluorescence imaging in ovarian cancer by folate receptor-α targeting: first in-human results

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Image-guided cancer surgery using near-infrared fluorescence

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Crucial breakthrough of second near-infrared biological window fluorophores: design and synthesis toward multimodal imaging and theranostics

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Multifunctional in vivo vascular imaging using near-infrared II fluorescence

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Real‐time identification of liver cancers by using indocyanine green fluorescent imaging

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Shortwave infrared fluorescence imaging with the clinically approved near-infrared dye indocyanine green

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A high quantum yield molecule-protein complex fluorophore for near-infrared II imaging

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Aggregation control of anionic pentamethine cyanine enabling excitation wavelength selective NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy

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Superstable homogeneous iodinated formulation technology: revolutionizing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

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Multi-Wavelength Fluorescence in Image-Guided Surgery, Clinical Feasibility and Future Perspectives

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An Ultra‐Stable, Oxygen‐Supply Nanoprobe Emitting in Near‐Infrared‐II Window to Guide and Enhance Radiotherapy by Promoting Anti‐Tumor Immunity

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Ultra-bright green carbon dots with excitation-independent fluorescence for bioimaging

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Hyperspectral Imaging in Brain Tumor Surgery—Evidence of Machine Learning-Based Performance

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Rational Design of NIR‐II Ratiometric Fluorescence Probes for Accurate Bioimaging and Biosensing In Vivo

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Rational design of semiconducting polymer brushes as cancer theranostics

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Nanoplatform Self‐Assembly from Small Molecules of Porphyrin Derivatives for NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging Guided Photothermal‐Immunotherapy

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Molecular Engineering of NIR‐II/IIb Emitting AIEgen for Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Photo‐Immunotherapy

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Design of Water–Soluble Rotaxane-Capped Superparamagnetic, Ultrasmall Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles for Targeted NIR Fluorescence Imaging in Combination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Development of mesoporous silica-based nanoprobes for optical bioimaging applications

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Acid and Hypoxia Tandem‐Activatable Deep Near‐Infrared Nanoprobe for Two‐Step Signal Amplification and Early Detection of Cancer

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A Nanographene‐Porphyrin Hybrid for Near‐Infrared‐Ii Phototheranostics

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The Current Status and Future Directions on Nanoparticles for Tumor Molecular Imaging

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Unlocking the NIR‐II AIEgen for High Brightness through Intramolecular Electrostatic Locking

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Semiconductor Nanocrystals Emitting in the Second Near‐Infrared Window: Optical Properties and Application in Biomedical Imaging

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Rejuvenating old fluorophores with new chemistry

Schnermann, M. J., & Lavis, L. D. (2023) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102335 · Cited by 44

Preventing cation intermixing enables 50% quantum yield in sub-15 nm short-wave infrared-emitting rare-earth based core-shell nanocrystals

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NIR-II Fluorophores: From Synthesis to Biological Applications

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Targeted Luminescent Probes for Precise Upconversion/NIR II Luminescence Diagnosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma

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The role of tissue fluorescence in in vivo optical bioimaging

Lifante, J., Shen, Y., Ximendes, E., Martín Rodríguez, E., & Ortgies, D. H. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0021854 · Cited by 43

Tailoring albumin-based theranostic PROTACs nanoparticles for enhanced NIR-II bioimaging and synergistic cancer chemo-phototherapy

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Acid-Resistant Near-Infrared II Ag2Se Quantum Dots for Gastrointestinal Imaging

Yang, L., Zhao, W. G., Liu, Z., Ren, M., Kong, J., Zong, X., Luo, M., Tang, B., Xie, J., Pang, D., et al. (2023) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01967 · Cited by 43

Engineered aptamers for molecular imaging

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Ultrabright NIR-II Nanoprobe for Image-Guided Accurate Resection of Tiny Metastatic Lesions

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Fluorescence imaging-guided surgery: current status and future directions

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Design strategies and applications of smart optical probes in the second near-infrared window

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Emerging Biomaterials Imaging Antitumor Immune Response

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J-aggregates albumin-based NIR-II fluorescent dye nanoparticles for cancer phototheranostics

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Near‐Infrared Persistent Luminescence Nanoprobe for Ultrasensitive Image‐Guided Tumor Resection

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Achiral Au(I) Cyclic Trinuclear Complexes with High‐Efficiency Circularly Polarized Near‐Infrared TADF

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Proof of crystal-field-perturbation-enhanced luminescence of lanthanide-doped nanocrystals through interstitial H+ doping

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A near-IR ratiometric fluorescent probe for the precise tracking of senescence: a multidimensional sensing assay of biomarkers in cell senescence pathways

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Nanoparticles weaponized with built‐in functions for imaging‐guided cancer therapy

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Folate receptor-targeted nanoprobes for molecular imaging of cancer: Friend or foe?

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NIR‐II Fluorescence imaging for cerebrovascular diseases

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Intraoperative Glioma Grading Using Neural Architecture Search and Multi-Modal Imaging

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Bichromatic Imaging with Hemicyanine Fluorophores Enables Simultaneous Visualization of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metastatic Intestinal Cancer

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Multivalent supramolecular fluorescent probes for accurate disease imaging

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Single- and multi-modal molecular probes with second near-infrared activatable optical signals for disease diagnosis and theranostics

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NIR-II emissive AIEgen photosensitizers enable ultrasensitive imaging-guided surgery and phototherapy to fully inhibit orthotopic hepatic tumors

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Molecular fluorophores for in vivo bioimaging in the second near-infrared window

Yang, Y., & Zhang, F. (2022) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-022-05688-x · Cited by 43

In Vivo High-Resolution Bioimaging of Bone Marrow and Fracture Diagnosis Using Lanthanide Nanoprobes with 1525 nm Emission

Li, Y., Wen, X., Deng, Z., Jiang, M., & Zeng, S. (2022) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04531 · Cited by 41

Spectral imaging enables contrast agent–free real-time ischemia monitoring in laparoscopic surgery

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Fluorescence Imaging of Inflammation with Optical Probes

Li, C., Zhou, S., Chen, J., & Jiang, X. (2023) · Chemical & Biomedical Imaging · doi:10.1021/cbmi.3c00039 · Cited by 42

Mesoporous Nano-Badminton with Asymmetric Mass Distribution: How Nanoscale Architecture Affects the Blood Flow Dynamics

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Cuproptosis: Advances in Stimulus‐Responsive Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy

Lu, J., Miao, Y., & Li, Y. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202400652 · Cited by 42

Reactive oxygen species-mediated organic long-persistent luminophores light up biomedicine: from two-component separated nano-systems to integrated uni-luminophores

Li, Z., Liu, H., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d4cs00443d · Cited by 41

Simultaneous Enhancement of the Long-Wavelength NIR-II Brightness and Photothermal Performance of Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles

Zhou, H., Lu, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, M., Xue, D., Zhang, D., Liu, J., Li, L., Qian, J., & Huang, W. (2022) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c20722 · Cited by 40

Efficacy of Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Guided Hepatectomy for the Detection of Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Randomized Controlled Trial

He, K., Hong, X., Chi, C., Cai, C., An, Y., Li, P., Liu, X., Shan, H., Tian, J., & Li, J. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1097/xcs.0000000000000029 · Cited by 40

AgAuSe quantum dots with absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 87.2%: The effect of capping ligand chain length

Sun, Z., Liu, C., Yang, H., Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Lin, H., Li, Y., & Wang, Q. (2022) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-022-4417-0 · Cited by 40

Current Strategies of Photoacoustic Imaging Assisted Cancer Theragnostics toward Clinical Studies

Li, L., Li, S., Fan, Z., Huang, G., Tang, J., & Nie, L. (2022) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00440 · Cited by 40

Modular Self‐Assembling Dendrimer Nanosystems for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Tumors

Ding, L., Lyu, Z., Perles‐Barbacaru, T., Huang, A. Y., Lian, B., Jiang, Y., Roussel, T., Galanakou, C., Giorgio, S., Kao, C., et al. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202308262 · Cited by 40

Dual-crosslinking immunostimulatory hydrogel synchronously suppresses pancreatic fistula and pancreatic cancer relapse post-resection

Zhao, R., Xiao, Q., Wu, Y., Zhang, W., Liu, J., Zeng, Y., Zhan, J., Cai, Y., & Fang, C. (2023) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122453 · Cited by 40

Amphiphilic hemicyanine molecular probes crossing the blood-brain barrier for intracranial optical imaging of glioblastoma

Qin, W., Li, H., Chen, J., Qiu, Y., Ma, L., & Nie, L. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq5816 · Cited by 40

Peptide functionalized upconversion/NIR II luminescent nanoparticles for targeted imaging and therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Lin, B., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Sun, S., Yuan, Y., Tao, X., & Lv, R. (2020) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d0bm01737j · Cited by 37

A narrative review of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Zhang, W., Hu, Z., Tian, J., & Fang, C. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-5341 · Cited by 37

Biomimetic semiconducting polymer dots for highly specific NIR-II fluorescence imaging of glioma

Men, X., Geng, X., Zhang, Z., Chen, H., Du, M., Chen, Z., Liu, G., Wu, C., & Yuan, Z. (2022) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100383 · Cited by 38

New and effective EGFR-targeted fluorescence imaging technology for intraoperative rapid determination of lung cancer in freshly isolated tissue

Li, C., Mi, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Guo, X., Zhou, J. H., Hu, Z., & Tian, J. (2022) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-022-05975-7 · Cited by 38

Novel Self‐Assembled Multifunctional Nanoprobes for Second‐Near‐Infrared‐Fluorescence‐Image‐Guided Breast Cancer Surgery and Enhanced Radiotherapy Efficacy

Zhang, Y., Liu, W., Luo, X., Shi, J., Zeng, Y., Chen, W., Huang, W., Zhu, Y., Gao, W., Li, R., et al. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202205294 · Cited by 37

Ultrabright 1650 nm-Emitting Biodegradable Organic Luminophores for NIR-IIbc Fluorescence Imaging

Tang, Y., Li, Y., He, C., Xie, Z., Tian, J., Li, B., Xu, Y., Fan, Q., & Liu, B. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5c09462 · Cited by 39

Molecular Design of Ultrabright Semiconducting Polymer Dots with High NIR‐II Fluorescence for 3D Tumor Mapping

Li, Y., Su, S., Yang, C., Liu, M.-H., Lo, P., Chen, Y., Hsu, C., Lee, Y., Chiang, H. K., & Chan, Y. (2021) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202100993 · Cited by 38

A clinical trial of super-stable homogeneous lipiodol-nanoICG formulation-guided precise fluorescent laparoscopic hepatocellular carcinoma resection

He, P., Xiong, Y., Ye, J., Chen, B., Cheng, H., Liu, H., Zheng, Y., Chu, C., Mao, J., Chen, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01467-w · Cited by 40

Bioimaging and prospects of night pearls‐based persistence phosphors in cancer diagnostics

Shang, R., Yang, F., Gao, G. F., Luo, Y., You, H., & Dong, L. (2024) · Exploration · doi:10.1002/exp.20230124 · Cited by 37

Inorganic persistent luminescence materials: Emerging optical theranostic agents

Shi, J., Sun, X., Song, L., Hong, M., Yuan, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101246 · Cited by 37

Accurate in vivo tumor detection using plasmonic-enhanced shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS)

Strobbia, P., Cupil‐Garcia, V., Crawford, B. M., Fales, A. M., Pfefer, T. J., Liu, Y., Maiwald, M., Sumpf, B., & Vo‐Dinh, T. (2021) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.53101 · Cited by 37

Construction of a biotin-targeting drug delivery system and its near-infrared theranostic fluorescent probe for real-time image-guided therapy of lung cancer

Song, X., Wang, R., Gao, J., Han, X., Jin, J., Lv, C., & Yu, F. (2021) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.111 · Cited by 37

J‐Aggregate Promoting NIR‐II Emission for Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Phototherapy

Ou, C., Zhao, Z., An, L., Zheng, L., Gao, F., Zhu, Q., Wang, W., Shao, J., Xie, L., & Dong, X. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202400846 · Cited by 37

Albumin‐Chaperoned Deep‐NIR Triarylmethane Dyes for High‐Contrast In Vivo Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

Zhang, X., Liu, M., Hu, Y., Wang, X., Wei, R., Yao, C., Shi, C., Qiu, Y., Yang, T. Y., Luo, X. L., et al. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202411515 · Cited by 37

Molecular afterglow imaging for biomedical applications

Xu, C., Zhang, Y., Liang, G., & Pu, K. (2025) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-025-02338-z · Cited by 45

Exploiting molecular probes to perform near‐infrared fluorescence‐guided surgery

Wu, Y., & Zhang, F. (2020) · Open Research (University of Surrey) · doi:10.1002/viw.20200068 · Cited by 36

Diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives-based NIR-II fluorophores for theranostics

Zhang, Q., Wang, Q., Xu, X., Liu, J., Lü, X., Huang, W., & Fan, Q. (2021) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109480 · Cited by 36

Fluorescence Imaging in Second Near‐infrared Window: Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities

Liang, W., He, S., & Wu, S. (2022) · Advanced NanoBiomed Research · doi:10.1002/anbr.202200087 · Cited by 34

High-performance near-infrared OLEDs maximized at 925 nm and 1022 nm through interfacial energy transfer

Hung, C., Wang, S., Chao, W., Li, J.-L., Chen, B., Lu, C.-H., Tu, K.-Y., Yang, S., Hung, W., Chi, Y., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49127-x · Cited by 35

Intraoperative evaluation of tumor margins using a TROP2 near-infrared imaging probe to enable human breast-conserving surgery

Chen, W.-L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L.-X., Luo, X., Yang, X., Zhu, Y., Wang, G., Huang, W., Zhang, D., Zeng, Y., et al. (2024) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.ado2461 · Cited by 35

uPAR targeted phototheranostic metal-organic framework nanoprobes for MR/NIR-II imaging-guided therapy and surgical resection of glioblastoma

Li, Z., Wang, C., Chen, J., Lian, X., Xiong, C., Tian, R., Hu, L., Xiong, X., & Tian, J. (2020) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109386 · Cited by 35

Acute Toxicity, Biodistribution, and Pharmacokinetics Studies of Pegylated Platinum Nanoparticles in Mouse Model

Mukherjee, S., Bollu, V. S., Roy, A., Nethi, S. K., Kuncha, M., Kumar, J. M., Sistla, R., & Patra, C. R. (2021) · Advanced NanoBiomed Research · doi:10.1002/anbr.202000082 · Cited by 38

Intraoperative near‐infrared II window fluorescence imaging‐assisted nephron‐sparing surgery for complete resection of cystic renal masses

Cao, C., Deng, S., Wang, B., Shi, X., Ge, L., Qiu, M. R., Zhang, F., Lu, M., Ma, L., Chi, C., et al. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.604 · Cited by 35

Recent Progress in Second Near-Infrared (NIR-II) Fluorescence Imaging in Cancer

Wang, T., Chen, Y., Wang, B., Gao, X., & Wu, M. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12081044 · Cited by 35

Clearance pathways of near-infrared-II contrast agents

Yang, S., Li, N., Xiao, H., Wu, G., Liu, F., Pan, Q., Tang, L., Tan, X., & Yang, Q. (2022) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.79209 · Cited by 35

Broadband Near‐Infrared Fibers Derived from Nanocrystal‐Glass Composites for Miniature Arrays Light Sources

Sun, Y., Sun, M., Lun, Z., Liu, G., Huang, Y., Chen, W., Wang, Y., Huang, H., Chen, Q., Li, J., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202416861 · Cited by 34

Compact Spectral Imaging: A Review of Miniaturized and Integrated Systems

Mukhtar, S., Arbabi, A., & Viegas, J. (2025) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202501042 · Cited by 37

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanomedicine for inflammatory bowel disease: targeted delivery and integrated diagnostics toward precision treatment

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A two-in-one Janus NIR-II AIEgen with balanced absorption and emission for image-guided precision surgery

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NIR‐II Fluorescent Brightness Promoted by “Ring Fusion” for the Detection of Intestinal Inflammation

Li, Y., Zha, M., Yang, G., Wang, S., Ni, J., & Li, K. (2021) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202101767 · Cited by 36

Miniature NIR‐II Nanoprobes for Active‐Targeted Phototheranostics of Brain Tumors

Wu, Y., Hu, D., Gao, D., Liu, C., Zheng, H., & Sheng, Z. (2022) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202202379 · Cited by 35

Medical Physics and Imaging–A Timely Perspective

Beyer, T., Bailey, D. L., Birk, U. J., Buvat, I., Catana, C., Cheng, Z., Fang, Q., Giove, F., Kuntner, C., Laistler, E., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Physics · doi:10.3389/fphy.2021.634693 · Cited by 35

Fluorescent sensors for discriminative detection of multiple targets in pathological processes

Yu, C., Wu, D., Dai, L., He, X., Hou, J., Shen, J., & Li, Z. (2023) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215203 · Cited by 33

Fluorescence-free bis(dithiolene)nickel dyes for surface-enhanced resonance Raman imaging in the second near-infrared window

Li, J., Deng, B., & Ye, J. (2023) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122211 · Cited by 33

NIR‐II Protein‐Escaping Dyes Enable High‐Contrast and Long‐Term Prognosis Evaluation of Flap Transplantation

Du, Y., Xu, J., Zheng, X., Dang, Z., Zhu, N., Jiang, Z., Li, J., & Zhu, S. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202311515 · Cited by 33

Application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in hepatobiliary surgery

Zhou, J. J., Tan, Z., Sun, B., Leng, Y., & Liu, S. (2024) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000001802 · Cited by 33

Deep Learning Enhanced Near Infrared-II Imaging and Image-Guided Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Therapy of Ischemic Stroke

Yu, K., Fu, L., Cao, Y., Zeng, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Gao, J., Lu, B., Zhu, H., Gu, L., et al. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c18035 · Cited by 36

Enhanced type I photoreaction of indocyanine green via electrostatic-force-driven aggregation

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Construction and bioimaging application of novel indole heptamethine cyanines containing functionalized tetrahydropyridine rings

Ma, X., Zhang, C., Feng, L., Liu, S. H., Tan, Y. C., & Yin, J. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d0tb01890b · Cited by 33

Improved Discrimination of Tumors with Low and Heterogeneous EGFR Expression in Fluorescence-Guided Surgery Through Paired-Agent Protocols

Wang, C., Xu, X., Folaron, M. R., Gunn, J. R., Hodge, S., Chen, E. Y., Hoopes, P. J., Tichauer, K. M., & Samkoe, K. S. (2021) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-021-01656-3 · Cited by 33

Dual H2O2‐Amplified Nanofactory for Simultaneous Self‐Enhanced NIR‐II Fluorescence Activation Imaging and Synergistic Tumor Therapy

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Activatable Lanthanide Nanoprobes with Dye-Sensitized Second Near-Infrared Luminescence for in Vivo Inflammation Imaging

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Resection and survival data from a clinical trial of glioblastoma multiforme‐specific IRDye800‐BBN fluorescence‐guided surgery

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Recent advances in microneedles for tumor therapy and diagnosis

Lin, S., Cao, Y., Chen, J., Tian, Z., & Zhu, Y. (2021) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101036 · Cited by 32

NIR-II fluorescence imaging in liver tumor surgery: A narrative review

Liu, Z., Yan, L., Hu, Q., & Yin, D. (2023) · Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences · doi:10.1142/s1793545823300100 · Cited by 7

Multispectral image-guided surgery in patients

Choi, H. S., & Kim, H. K. (2020) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-020-0536-7 · Cited by 65

Surgical Navigation for Malignancies Guided by Near‐Infrared‐II Fluorescence Imaging

Yang, R., Lou, K., Wang, P., Gao, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, M., Huang, W., & Zhang, G. (2021) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202001066 · Cited by 152

Improving Surgical Resection of Metastatic Liver Tumors With Near-Infrared Optical-Guided Fluorescence Imaging

Barabino, G., Porcheron, J., Michèle Cottier, A., Cuilleron, M., Coutard, J.-G., Berger, M., Molliex, S. B., Beauchesne, B., Phelip, J., Grichine, A., et al. (2015) · Surgical Innovation · doi:10.1177/1553350615618287 · Cited by 17

Fluorescence-guided laparoscopic hepatectomies

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