First-in-human liver-tumour surgery guided by multispectral fluorescence imaging in the visible and near-infrared-I/II windows

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NIRF Nanoprobes for Cancer Molecular Imaging: Approaching Clinic

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Blue‐Light‐Excitable Broadband Ca 3 Ga 2 Ge 3 O 12 :Cr 3+ ,Ni 2+ Phosphor for the Applications in NIR‐II Window

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NIR-II-excited off-on-off fluorescent nanoprobes for sensitive molecular imaging in vivo

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Carbon nanomaterials: Revolutionizing biomedical applications with promising potential

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Recent advances in design of lanthanide-containing NIR-II luminescent nanoprobes

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Bioinspired tough gel sheath for robust and versatile surface functionalization

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ZW800‐PEG: A Renal Clearable Zwitterionic Near‐Infrared Fluorophore for Potential Clinical Translation

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Super-stable cyanine@albumin fluorophore for enhanced NIR-II bioimaging

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Advances in organic nano-architectures based on NIR-II small-molecule fluorophores for biomedical imaging and therapy

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Preparation of AIEgen-based near-infrared afterglow luminescence nanoprobes for tumor imaging and image-guided tumor resection

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Photophysical Properties of Indocyanine Green in the Shortwave Infrared Region

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Recent progress in upconversion nanomaterials for emerging optical biological applications

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Expanding NIR-II Lanthanide Toolboxes for Improved Biomedical Imaging and Detection

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In vivo multifunctional fluorescence imaging using liposome-coated lanthanide nanoparticles in near-infrared-II/IIa/IIb windows

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Real-time intraoperative glioma diagnosis using fluorescence imaging and deep convolutional neural networks

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First Clinical Investigation of Near-Infrared Window IIa/IIb Fluorescence Imaging for Precise Surgical Resection of Gliomas

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Seeing the unseen: AIE luminogens for super-resolution imaging

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Tumor‐Associated Immune‐Cell‐Mediated Tumor‐Targeting Mechanism with NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging

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Recent Progress of Cyanine Fluorophores for NIR‐II Sensing and Imaging

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NIR fluorescence imaging and treatment for cancer immunotherapy

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Optical Imaging in the Second Near Infrared Window for Vascular Bioimaging

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Recent Advances in NIR-II Materials for Biomedical Applications

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How molecular imaging will enable robotic precision surgery: The role of artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and navigation

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PEG‐Polymer Encapsulated Aggregation‐Induced Emission Nanoparticles for Tumor Theranostics

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SERS/NIR‐II Optical Nanoprobes for Multidimensional Tumor Imaging from Living Subjects, Pathology, and Single Cells and Guided NIR‐II Photothermal Therapy

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Biomimetic NIR-II fluorescent proteins created from chemogenic protein-seeking dyes for multicolor deep-tissue bioimaging

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Image‐guided tumor surgery: The emerging role of nanotechnology

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Near-Infrared Window II Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery of High-Grade Gliomas Prolongs the Progression-Free Survival of Patients

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Small-molecule probes from bench to bedside: advancing molecular analysis of drug–target interactions toward precision medicine

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Microenvironment‐Activatable Probe for Precise NIR‐II Monitoring and Synergistic Immunotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Highly Stable Near-Infrared II Luminescent Diradicaloids for Cancer Phototheranostics

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Intravesical In Situ Immunostimulatory Gel for Triple Therapy of Bladder Cancer

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Intraoperative fluorescence molecular imaging accelerates the coming of precision surgery in China

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Molecular imaging: design mechanism and bioapplications

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An NIR-II/MR dual modal nanoprobe for liver cancer imaging

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Metabolizable Near-Infrared-II Nanoprobes for Dynamic Imaging of Deep-Seated Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Pancreatic Cancer

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Aggregation‐Induced Emission Nanoprobes Working in the NIR‐II Region: From Material Design to Fluorescence Imaging and Phototherapy

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NIR-II fluorescence visualization of ultrasound-induced blood–brain barrier opening for enhanced photothermal therapy against glioblastoma using indocyanine green microbubbles

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Transparent organic upconversion devices displaying high-resolution, single-pixel, low-power infrared images perceived by human vision

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Near‐infrared aggregation‐induced emission materials: Bibliometric analysis and their application in biomedical field

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Multispectral image-guided surgery in patients

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Development of Second Near-Infrared Photoacoustic Imaging Agents

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An Activatable Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposite as Early Evaluation System of Therapy Effect

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Rational Design of Asymmetric Polymethines to Attain NIR(II) Bioimaging at >1100 nm

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Centimeter-Deep NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging with Nontoxic AIE Probes in Nonhuman Primates

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Molecular Imaging-Guided Sonodynamic Therapy

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Boron difluoride formazanate dye for high‐efficiency NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided cancer photothermal therapy

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Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) in Super-resolution Imaging: Cationic AIE Luminogens (AIEgens) for Tunable Organelle-Specific Imaging and Dynamic Tracking in Nanometer Scale

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Molecular Engineering of Activatable NIR-II Hemicyanine Reporters for Early Diagnosis and Prognostic Assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Application of nanotechnology in acute kidney injury: From diagnosis to therapeutic implications

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Molecular Engineering of NIR‐II Fluorophores for Improved Biomedical Detection

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Single Atom‐Engineered NIR‐II Gold Clusters with Ultrahigh Brightness and Stability for Acute Kidney Injury

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Bright, photostable and long-circulating NIR-II nanoparticles for whole-process monitoring and evaluation of renal transplantation

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Recent development of small-molecule organic fluorophores for multifunctional bioimaging in the second near-infrared window

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A NIR-II-emitting gold nanocluster-based drug delivery system for smartphone-triggered photodynamic theranostics with rapid body clearance

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Smart NIR-II croconaine dye-peptide for enhanced photo-sonotheranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Advancing nanotechnology for neoantigen-based cancer theranostics

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NIR‐II Imaging‐Guided Mitochondrial‐Targeting Organic Nanoparticles for Multimodal Synergistic Tumor Therapy

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Beyond traditional light: NIR-II light-activated photosensitizers for cancer therapy

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Self-assembled NIR-II Fluorophores with Ultralong Blood Circulation for Cancer Imaging and Image-guided Surgery

Li, Y., Gao, J., Wang, S., Du, M., Hou, X., Tian, T., Qiao, X., Tian, Z., Stang, P. J., Li, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01615 · Cited by 59

“Dual‐Key‐and‐Lock” NIR‐II NSCyanines Enable High‐Contrast Activatable Phototheranostics in Extrahepatic Diseases

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Fluorescence imaging in pediatric surgery: State-of-the-art and future perspectives

Paraboschi, I., Coppi, P. D., Stoyanov, D. V., Anderson, J., & Giuliani, S. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.004 · Cited by 57

Modular Design of High-Brightness pH-Activatable Near-Infrared BODIPY Probes for Noninvasive Fluorescence Detection of Deep-Seated Early Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: Remarkable Axial Substituent Effect on Performance

Wu, P., Zhu, Y., Liu, S., & Xiong, H. (2021) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.1c01066 · Cited by 57

BOIMPY-Based NIR-II Fluorophore with High Brightness and Long Absorption beyond 1000 nm for In Vivo Bioimaging: Synergistic Steric Regulation Strategy

Liu, S., Xu, W., Li, X., Pang, D., & Xiong, H. (2022) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.2c08619 · Cited by 56

Metallacages and Covalent Cages for Biological Imaging and Therapeutics

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Development of small-molecule NIR-II photothermal agents for image-guided tumor therapy

He, L., Li, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Wang, B., Ren, T., & Yuan, L. (2025) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216549 · Cited by 60

Cross‐Link‐Functionalized Nanoparticles for Rapid Excretion in Nanotheranostic Applications

Ma, Z., Wang, F., Zhong, Y., Salazar, F. B., Li, J., Zhang, M., Ren, F., Wu, A. M., & Dai, H. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202008083 · Cited by 56

Recent Progresses in NIR-I/II Fluorescence Imaging for Surgical Navigation

Li, S., Cheng, D., He, L., & Yuan, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.768698 · Cited by 56

Near-Infrared-II In Vivo Visualization and Quantitative Tracking of Micro/Nanoplastics in Fish

Yang, L., Tang, B. Z., & Wang, W. (2023) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.3c07571 · Cited by 57

Long-term monitoring of intravital biological processes using fluorescent protein-assisted NIR-II imaging

Chen, M., Feng, Z., Fan, X., Sun, J., Geng, W., Wu, T., Sheng, J., Qian, J., & Xu, Z. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34274-w · Cited by 57

Sensitive and specific detection of breast cancer lymph node metastasis through dual-modality magnetic particle imaging and fluorescence molecular imaging: a preclinical evaluation

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NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided colorectal cancer surgery targeting CEACAM5 by a nanobody

Guo, X., Li, C., Jia, X., Qu, Y., Li, M., Cao, C., Zhang, Z., Qu, Q., Luo, S., Tang, J., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104476 · Cited by 56

High-power lasing at ∼900 nm in Nd 3+ -doped fiber: a direct coordination engineering approach to enhance fluorescence

Chen, Y., Lin, Z., Sun, H., Wang, Y., Dong, H., Wang, M., Zhang, L., Dong, G., Liu, X., Yu, F., et al. (2023) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.494868 · Cited by 55

2, 1, 3‐Benzothiadiazole Derivative Small Molecule Fluorophores for NIR‐II Bioimaging

Hu, Z. D., Feng, L., & Yang, P. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202310818 · Cited by 56

Spatially Selective MicroRNA Imaging in Human Colorectal Cancer Tissues Using a Multivariate-Gated Signal Amplification Nanosensor

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PET/NIR-II fluorescence imaging and image-guided surgery of glioblastoma using a folate receptor α-targeted dual-modal nanoprobe

Shi, X., Xu, P., Cao, C., Cheng, Z., Tian, J., & Hu, Z. (2022) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-022-05890-x · Cited by 56

Low‐Dose NIR‐II Preclinical Bioimaging Using Liposome‐Encapsulated Cyanine Dyes

Gao, D., Luo, Z., He, Y., Yang, L., Hu, D., Liang, Y., Zheng, H., Liu, X., & Sheng, Z. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202206544 · Cited by 55

Orderly Self‐Assembly of Organic Fluorophores for Sensing and Imaging

Li, Z., Liang, P., Ren, T., Yuan, L., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202305742 · Cited by 54

Artificial Intelligence for context-aware surgical guidance in complex robot-assisted oncological procedures: An exploratory feasibility study

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1064 nm activatable semiconducting polymer-based nanoplatform for NIR-II fluorescence/NIR-II photoacoustic imaging guided photothermal therapy of orthotopic osteosarcoma

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