Multifunctional in vivo vascular imaging using near-infrared II fluorescence
Open accessAbstract
In vivo real-time epifluorescence imaging of mouse hind limb vasculatures in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II) is performed using single-walled carbon nanotubes as fluorophores. Both high spatial (∼30 μm) and temporal (<200 ms per frame) resolution for small-vessel imaging are achieved at 1-3 mm deep in the hind limb owing to the beneficial NIR-II optical window that affords deep anatomical penetration and low scattering. This spatial resolution is unattainable by traditional NIR imaging (NIR-I) or microscopic computed tomography, and the temporal resolution far exceeds scanning microscopic imaging techniques. Arterial and venous vessels are unambiguously differentiated using a dynamic contrast-enhanced NIR-II imaging technique on the basis of their distinct hemodynamics. Further, the deep tissue penetration and high spatial and temporal resolution of NIR-II imaging allow for precise quantifications of blood velocity in both normal and ischemic femoral arteries, which are beyond the capabilities of ultrasonography at lower blood velocities.
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“Among the diverse optical imaging modalities, fl uorescence imaging within the near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1000 – 1700 nm) window represents a major leap forward compared with those operating in the visible (400 – 700 nm) and near-infrared I (NIR-I, 700 – 1000 nm) regions 34 – 37 .”
- Authors
- Hong, G., Lee, J. C., Robinson, J. T., Raaz, U., Xie, L., Huang, N. F., Cooke, J. P., & Dai, H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Ngan F
- Cooke, John P
- Dai, Hongjie
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2012-11-18
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1841-1846
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- PMC
- PMC3595196
- OpenAlex
- W2054288014
- Cited by
- 995
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 31
- FWCI
- 30.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca135109-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K99HL098688, U01HL100397, RC2HL103400, R00HL098688)
- National Cancer Institute (R01-CA135109, 5R01CA135109-02)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
- Keywords
- single-walled carbon nanotubes, epifluorescence imaging, peripheral arterial disease, deep tissue imaging, dynamic contrast enhancement, small vessel imaging
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Flow Velocity, Blood Vessels, Hemodynamics, Hindlimb, Infrared Rays, Principal Component Analysis, Nanotubes, Carbon, Mice, Optical Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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