Crucial breakthrough of second near-infrared biological window fluorophores: design and synthesis toward multimodal imaging and theranostics
Abstract
Recent advances in the chemical design and synthesis of fluorophores in the second near-infrared biological window (NIR-II) for multimodal imaging and theranostics are summarized and highlighted in this review article.
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The foremost challenge in high-performance deep-tissue NIR-II imaging is the development of fluorescent probes with bright emission in the NIR-II window.
“The foremost challenge in achieving high-performance deep-tissue NIR-II imaging lies in the development of fluorescent probes that exhibit bright emission within this window42,43.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [42]
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“The foremost challenge in achieving high-performance deep-tissue NIR-II imaging lies in the development of fl uorescent probes that exhibit bright emission within this window 42,43 .”
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- Authors
- He, S., Song, J., Qu, J., & Cheng, Z.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Song, Jun
- Qu, Junle
- Cheng, Zhen
- Venue
- Chemical Society Reviews
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2018
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4258-4278
- ISSN
- 0306-0012 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-4744
- OpenAlex
- W2802060594
- Cited by
- 1,021
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 154 · 2022: 147 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 141 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 21
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemical Society Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Science (DE-SC0008397)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61775145, 31771584, 61605124, 61620106016, 61525503, 81727804, 61605130, 51602201)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Keywords
- NIR-II fluorophores, multimodal imaging, theranostics, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, molecular probes, drug delivery, deep tissue imaging
- MeSH terms
- Theranostic Nanomedicine, Fluorescent Dyes, Infrared Rays, Optical Imaging, Multimodal Imaging
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