Cited by 144Regulation of Appetite and ObesityDiabetes Treatment and ManagementAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

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The intestine as an endocrine organ and the role of gut hormones in metabolic regulation

Bany Bakar, Rula, Reimann, Frank, Gribble, Fiona M.·2023·Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

DOI 10.1038/s41575-023-00830-y

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Abstract

Gut hormones orchestrate pivotal physiological processes in multiple metabolically active tissues, including the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, gut and central nervous system, making them attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most gut hormones are derived from enteroendocrine cells, but bioactive peptides that are derived from other intestinal epithelial cell types have also been implicated in metabolic regulation and can be considered gut hormones. A deeper understanding of the complex inter-organ crosstalk mediated by the intestinal endocrine system is a prerequisite for designing more effective drugs that are based on or target gut hormones and their receptors, and extending their therapeutic potential beyond obesity and diabetes mellitus. In this Review, we present an overview of gut hormones that are involved in the regulation of metabolism and discuss their action in the gastrointestinal system and beyond.

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Authors: Bany Bakar, R., Reimann, F., & Gribble, F. M.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author: Gribble, Fiona M.
ORCID: Bany Bakar, Rula
Reimann, Frank
Gribble, Fiona M.
Venue: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2023-08-25
Volume: 20
Issue: 12
Pages: 784-796
ISSN: 1759-5045 (ISSN-L)
1759-5053
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00830-y
OpenAlex: W4386168026
Cited by: 144
References: 223
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 1
FWCI: 5.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (220271/Z/20/Z)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00014/3)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (1799260)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: gastrointestinal hormones, enteroendocrine cells, metabolic regulation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, organ crosstalk, digestive physiology, bioactive peptides
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Humans, Intestines, Obesity, Gastrointestinal Tract

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The intestine as an endocrine organ and the role of gut hormones in metabolic regulation

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