The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: nodes in an integrated network
Open accessAbstract
The basal ganglia and the cerebellum are considered to be distinct subcortical systems that perform unique functional operations. The outputs of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum influence many of the same cortical areas but do so by projecting to distinct thalamic nuclei. As a consequence, the two subcortical systems were thought to be independent and to communicate only at the level of the cerebral cortex. Here, we review recent data showing that the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are interconnected at the subcortical level. The subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia is the source of a dense disynaptic projection to the cerebellar cortex. Similarly, the dentate nucleus in the cerebellum is the source of a dense disynaptic projection to the striatum. These observations lead to a new functional perspective that the basal ganglia, the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex form an integrated network. This network is topographically organized so that the motor, cognitive and affective territories of each node in the network are interconnected. This perspective explains how synaptic modifications or abnormal activity at one node can have network-wide effects. A future challenge is to define how the unique learning mechanisms at each network node interact to improve performance.
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Communication between the cerebellum and CSTC regions is associated with nonmotor function.
“the communication was associated with nonmotor function (50–52)”
From Altered functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
The cerebellum has extensive communication with regions in the CSTC circuit, such as the striatum and thalamus.
“the cerebellum has extensive communication with regions in the CSTC circuit, such as the striatum and thalamus”
From Altered functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
There are bidirectional anatomical and functional connections between the cerebellum and the striatum.
“Previous studies have shown bidirectional anatomical and functional connections between the cerebellum and the striatum (52, 57)”
From Altered functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Bostan, A. C., & Strick, P. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bostan, Andreea C.
- Strick, Peter L.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2018-04-11
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 338-350
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- PMC
- PMC6503669
- OpenAlex
- W2798091161
- Cited by
- 786
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 10.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P40OD010996)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30NS076405, R01NS024328)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- basal ganglia, cerebellum, subcortical connectivity, subthalamic nucleus, dentate nucleus, striatum, thalamic nuclei, motor control, cognitive function, emotional functioning, synaptic plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, Humans, Models, Neurological, Motivation, Nervous System Diseases, Neural Pathways, Reward, Thalamus, Subthalamic Nucleus
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