Cited by 786Neurological disorders and treatmentsMotor Control and AdaptationMemory and Neural Mechanisms

The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: nodes in an integrated network

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Bostan, Andreea C., Strick, Peter L.·2018·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Abstract

The basal ganglia and the cerebellum are considered to be distinct subcortical systems that perform unique functional operations. The outputs of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum influence many of the same cortical areas but do so by projecting to distinct thalamic nuclei. As a consequence, the two subcortical systems were thought to be independent and to communicate only at the level of the cerebral cortex. Here, we review recent data showing that the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are interconnected at the subcortical level. The subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia is the source of a dense disynaptic projection to the cerebellar cortex. Similarly, the dentate nucleus in the cerebellum is the source of a dense disynaptic projection to the striatum. These observations lead to a new functional perspective that the basal ganglia, the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex form an integrated network. This network is topographically organized so that the motor, cognitive and affective territories of each node in the network are interconnected. This perspective explains how synaptic modifications or abnormal activity at one node can have network-wide effects. A future challenge is to define how the unique learning mechanisms at each network node interact to improve performance.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [21]Chen CH, Calderon D & Khodakhah K in The Basal Ganglia. Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience (ed. Soghomonian JJ) 135– 153 (Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2016).
  2. [22]Kitai ST & Kita H in The Basal Ganglia II. Advances in Behavioral Biology Vol. 32 (eds Carpenter MB & Jayaraman A) 357– 373 (Springer, Boston, 1987).

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Authors
Bostan, A. C., & Strick, P. L.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
  • Bostan, Andreea C.
  • Strick, Peter L.
Venue
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Published
2018-04-11
Volume
19
Issue
6
Pages
338-350
ISSN
  • 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0048
OpenAlex
W2798091161
Cited by
786
References
157
Citations by year
2026: 87 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 1
FWCI
10.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (P40OD010996)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30NS076405, R01NS024328)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords
basal ganglia, cerebellum, subcortical connectivity, subthalamic nucleus, dentate nucleus, striatum, thalamic nuclei, motor control, cognitive function, emotional functioning, synaptic plasticity
MeSH terms
Animals, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, Humans, Models, Neurological, Motivation, Nervous System Diseases, Neural Pathways, Reward, Thalamus, Subthalamic Nucleus

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