The DOI matches its Crossref record; 96 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 112 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements
Open accessAbstract
The phenotypic diversity of cortical GABAergic neurons is probably necessary for their functional versatility in shaping the spatiotemporal dynamics of neural circuit operations underlying cognition. Deciphering the logic of this diversity requires comprehensive analysis of multi-modal cell features and a framework of neuronal identity that reflects biological mechanisms and principles. Recent high-throughput single-cell analyses have generated unprecedented data sets characterizing the transcriptomes, morphology and electrophysiology of interneurons. We posit that cardinal interneuron types can be defined by their synaptic communication properties, which are encoded in key transcriptional signatures. This conceptual framework integrates multi-modal cell features, captures neuronal input–output properties fundamental to circuit operation and may advance understanding of the appropriate granularity of neuron types, towards a biologically grounded and operationally useful interneuron taxonomy. A major challenge in neuroscience is the definition of neuronal types. Here, Paul and Huang give an overview of efforts to classify GABAergic cell types, and propose a framework in which cell types are transcriptionally defined communication elements with characteristic input–output properties.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
70 Not checked yet · 54 Own interpretation · 19 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Indeed, computational algorithms have been developed to reliably identify m-types from dense connectome data sets57,58.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [57] Helmstaedter, M. et al. Connectomic reconstruction of the inner plexiform layer in the mouse retina. Nature 500, 168–174 (2013). source
- Partly supportedcites [58] Jonas, E. & Kording, K. Automatic discovery of cell types and microcircuitry from neural connectomics. eLife 4, e04250 (2015). sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction and Results (pages unavailable) describe an algorithm that identifies cell types from connectome data and finds substantial agreement with anatomists’ classifications. But the Results say it recovers fewer, coarser types than the 71 finer distinctions in the retina dataset; the paper does not establish reliable identification of m-types specifically. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In the mammalian cerebral cortex, GABAergic interneurons regulate the balance and dynamic organization of pyramidal neuron ensembles3, which in turn mediate myriad information processing streams and output channels4,5.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [3] Roux, L. & Buzsaki, G. Tasks for inhibitory interneurons in intact brain circuits. Neuropharmacology 88, 10–23 (2015). source
- Not checked yetcites [4] Harris, K. D. & Shepherd, G. M. The neocortical circuit: themes and variations. Nat. Neurosci. 18, 170–181 (2015). source
- Not checked yetcites [5] Huang, Z. J. Toward a genetic dissection of cortical circuits in the mouse. Neuron 83, 1284–1302 (2014). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This conceptual framework integrates multi-modal cell features, captures neuronal input–output properties fundamental to circuit operation and may advance understanding of the appropriate granularity of neuron types, towards a biologically grounded and operationally useful interneuron taxonomy.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Understanding the biological basis of neuronal diversity is necessary for deciphering neural circuit organization and function1,2.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The spectacular diversity of GABAergic neurons enables an elaborate division of labour in deploying a rich repertoire of inhibitory control mechanisms to shape highly nuanced spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical circuit computation6,7.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Klausberger, T. & Somogyi, P. Neuronal diversity and temporal dynamics: the unity of hippocampal circuit operations. Science 321, 53–57 (2008). source
- Not checked yetcites [7] Tremblay, R., Lee, S. & Rudy, B. GABAergic interneurons in the neocortex: from cellular properties to circuits. Neuron 91, 260–292 (2016). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The current fluidic nature of transcriptomic clustering is at least in part due to our incomplete understanding of the biological basis of neuron-type identity and granularity and the paucity of ‘ground truth’ knowledge.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“A pilot study of ~1,600 cells from the mouse primary visual cortex used scRNAseq and statistical clustering to identify 49 cell types, including 23 GABAergic transcriptomic types (t-types)22.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Tasic, B. et al. Adult mouse cortical cell taxonomy revealed by single cell transcriptomics. Nat. Neurosci. 19, 335–346 (2016). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, it is only in the past 4 years that large-scale scRNAseq technology has been able to provide a comprehensive molecular analysis of neuronal diversity20,21.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Macosko, E. Z. et al. Highly parallel genome-wide expression profiling of individual cells using nanoliter droplets. Cell 161, 1202–1214 (2015). source
- Not checked yetcites [21] Zeisel, A. et al. Brain structure. Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq. Science 347, 1138–1142 (2015). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Some of the finer types and branches (for example, Sst–Chodl, Sst–Calb2–Pdlim5 and Sst–Chrna2–Glra3) are also consistent with previous studies26,27,28 (Fig. 1).”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] Gerashchenko, D. et al. Identification of a population of sleep-active cerebral cortex neurons. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 10227–10232 (2008). source
- Not checked yetcites [27] He, M. et al. Strategies and tools for combinatorial targeting of GABAergic neurons in mouse cerebral cortex. Neuron 91, 1228–1243 (2016). source
- Not checked yetcites [28] Paul, A. et al. Transcriptional architecture of synaptic communication delineates GABAergic neuron identity. Cell 171, 522–539 (2017). source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The major subclasses, types and their hierarchical relationships are largely consistent with previous studies7,24,25.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] Tremblay, R., Lee, S. & Rudy, B. GABAergic interneurons in the neocortex: from cellular properties to circuits. Neuron 91, 260–292 (2016). source
- Not checked yetcites [24] Markram, H. et al. Reconstruction and simulation of neocortical microcircuitry. Cell 163, 456–492 (2015). source
- Not checked yetcites [25] Rudy, B. et al. Three groups of interneurons account for nearly 100% of neocortical GABAergic neurons. Dev. Neurobiol. 71, 45–61 (2011). source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 43
- It may state two separate claims as one. 35
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Deciphering the logic of this diversity requires comprehensive analysis of multi-modal cell features and a framework of neuronal identity that reflects biological mechanisms and principles.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The phenotypic diversity of cortical GABAergic neurons is probably necessary for their functional versatility in shaping the spatiotemporal dynamics of neural circuit operations underlying cognition.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We posit that cardinal interneuron types can be defined by their synaptic communication properties, which are encoded in key transcriptional signatures.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This conceptual framework integrates multi-modal cell features, captures neuronal input–output properties fundamental to circuit operation and may advance understanding of the appropriate granularity of neuron types, towards a biologically grounded and operationally useful interneuron taxonomy.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This conceptual framework integrates multi-modal cell features, captures neuronal input–output properties fundamental to circuit operation and may advance understanding of the appropriate granularity of neuron types, towards a biologically grounded and operationally useful interneuron taxonomy.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, sparse and partial (that is, non-systematic and incomplete) reconstructions of individual cells preclude truly quantitative analysis of cell morphology.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In another study using brain slices of adult mouse visual cortex from a large set of transgenic lines, 254 spiny and 207 aspiny neurons were reconstructed36. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering, 19 spiny m-types and 19 aspiny m-types were identified.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell morphology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Gouwens, N. W. et al. Classification of electrophysiological and morphological types in mouse visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. (in the press).
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most electrophysiological recordings sample limited and often biased cell populations and only a fraction of the physiological parameters among the diverse input–output (I/O) transformation properties.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Certain clusters may correspond to newly discovered types; for example, one of the four clusters defined by Vip plus Chat expression might correspond to a type of interneuron that directly excites layer 1 interneurons and layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (as described in a preprint report)29.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [29] Obermayer, J. et al. Prefrontal cortical ChAT-VIP interneurons provide local excitation by cholinergic synaptic transmission and control attention. Preprint at bioRxiv https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/461723v1 (2018). source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, the inherently multi-modal nature of cell phenotypes requires integrative classification across modalities, but it is not clear whether different cell features, as defined and measured by current approaches, indeed co-cluster; this raises the issue of whether congruent multi-modal classification is ultimately achievable.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The ~60 ‘atomic’ GABAergic t-types at the base of the hierarchy23 are probably fluidic and may well be modified by future scRNAseq and orthogonal data sets.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] Tasic, B. et al. Shared and distinct transcriptomic cell types across neocortical areas. Nature 563, 72–78 (2018). source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In practice, however, cell function per se is often not readily definable and emerges only at the circuit level, which is difficult to study and is often indirectly linked to behavioural performance.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Consequently, the issue of interneuron diversity remains contentious11.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] DeFelipe, J. et al. New insights into the classification and nomenclature of cortical GABAergic interneurons. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 14, 202–216 (2013). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A subsequent large-scale study of ~23,800 cells incorporating multiple transgenic lines targeting neuronal subpopulations suggested 113 cortical cell types; these include ~60 GABAergic types conserved between visual and frontal cortex and 56 glutamatergic types that are mostly distinct between these two areas23 (Fig. 1).”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] Tasic, B. et al. Shared and distinct transcriptomic cell types across neocortical areas. Nature 563, 72–78 (2018). source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Innovative statistical and computational analyses now enable clustering and typing along each modality and drive efforts to integrate across modalities.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite this progress, brain-slice preparations present inherent limitations for complete morphological reconstruction (for example, many of the spiny neuron axons are transected and cannot be visualized), precise spatial registration and truly quantitative analysis.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell morphology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Serendipitously identified molecular markers represent a minute fraction of gene expression profiles.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Currently, the choices of statistical algorithms and the stringency of cluster definitions remain largely arbitrary30.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [30] Tasic, B. Single cell transcriptomics in neuroscience: cell classification and beyond. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 50, 242–249 (2018). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These limitations make it difficult to achieve quantitative analysis, to distinguish random or technical variation versus reliable and meaningful features, and to compare results from different investigators.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell morphology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A recent fMOST (fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography) study achieved complete reconstruction of over 60 CHCs in the mouse neocortex. Analyses of their laminar position and the distribution of their dendritic and axonal arborizations suggested that multiple CHC subtypes can be distinguished by different patterns of I/O connectivity39.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell morphology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Wang, X. et al. Genetic single neuron anatomy reveals fine granularity of cortical axo-axonic cells. Cell Rep. 26, 3145–3159 (2019). source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This landmark data set represents the most comprehensive survey of cortical transcriptional types, establishing a scaffold for transcriptome-based classification and a working draft of cortical cell taxonomy, including GABAergic interneuron taxonomy.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] Tasic, B. et al. Shared and distinct transcriptomic cell types across neocortical areas. Nature 563, 72–78 (2018). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Innovations in more automated reconstruction and registration will be necessary to generate high-throughput and comprehensive data sets40,41.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell morphology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [40] Li, R. et al. Precise segmentation of densely interweaving neuron clusters using G-Cut. Nat. Commun. 10, 1549 (2019). source
- Not checked yetcites [41] Yang, J. et al. FMST: an automatic neuron tracing method based on fast marching and minimum spanning tree. Neuroinformatics 17, 185–196 (2019). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To a considerable extent, the phenotypes and properties of cells derive from their patterns of gene expression.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A major current bottleneck is morphological reconstruction, which is mostly achieved by manual procedures that are particularly labour intensive.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell morphology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“First, neurons display substantial multi-dimensional variations, of which some are discrete whereas others seem continuous13,14.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Harris, K. D. et al. Classes and continua of hippocampal CA1 inhibitory neurons revealed by single-cell transcriptomics. PLOS Biol. 16, e2006387 (2018). source
- Not checked yetcites [14] Zeng, H. & Sanes, J. R. Neuronal cell-type classification: challenges, opportunities and the path forward. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 530–546 (2017). source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the past few years, spectacular advances in single-cell analysis have finally crossed several technical thresholds and begun to generate high-resolution, quantitative and comprehensive data sets on single-neuron transcriptomes, morphology and electrophysiology.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Introduction
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such understanding probably requires the integration of multi-modal cell features, recognition of biologically meaningful variations in each feature and the elucidation of their mechanistic bases.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Single-cell transcriptomics
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite progress in large-scale single-cell transcriptomics, the problem of neuronal diversity and classification is unlikely to be solved without understanding the biological principles that underlie neuronal identity and the organization of cell types.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > Transcription profiles of cellular machines shape I/O properties
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“An impressive profiling of cortical cell types using octuplet whole-cell recording in adult mouse cortex mapped connectivity between more than 11,000 pairs of identified neurons43 and identified 15 types of interneurons, each exhibiting a characteristic pattern of connectivity with other interneuron types and pyramidal neurons.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Electrophysiology
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [43] Jiang, X. et al. Principles of connectivity among morphologically defined cell types in adult neocortex. Science 350, aac9462 (2015). source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In terms of physiological features, the intrinsic, synaptic and network properties of a neuron type probably all serve in the transformation of information from various synaptic input patterns to appropriate synaptic output patterns, often characterized by a cell-intrinsic style of neurochemical release.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This study also used a modified version of CEL-seq (cell expression by linear amplification and sequencing), called DIVA-Seq (double in vitro transcription with absolute molecule counts sequencing)48, to detect ~9,000 genes expressed per single cell and to count mRNA transcripts in single cells.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > Transcription profiles of cellular machines shape I/O properties
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] Paul, A., Huang, Z. J. & Single-cell, R. N. A. sequencing of fluorescently labeled mouse neurons using manual sorting and double in vitro transcription with absolute counts sequencing (DIVA-Seq). J. Vis. Exp. 140, e58690 (2018).
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Considerable progress has been made by analysing high-resolution single-cell transcriptomes through leveraging the deep, although incomplete, knowledge in GABAergic neuron anatomy and physiology.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > Transcription profiles of cellular machines shape I/O properties
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Defining neuronal types on the basis of their ‘function’ seems intuitive and the most relevant to nervous system operation9,51, but neuronal functions manifest at multiple levels that carry different meanings, vary according to behavioural context, and thus seem not to be well suited for use in defining cell types.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This is consistent with an independent proposal to define projection neuron types on the basis of I/O relationships51.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > Transcription profiles of cellular machines shape I/O properties
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [51] Lerner, T. N., Ye, L. & Deisseroth, K. Communication in neural circuits: tools, opportunities, and challenges. Cell 164, 1136–1150 (2016). source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“These PCPs were described according to previous anatomical, physiological and developmental research, providing a solid basis for the interpretation of and correspondence to the transcriptomic data set.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > Transcription profiles of cellular machines shape I/O properties
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Paul, A. et al. Transcriptional architecture of synaptic communication delineates GABAergic neuron identity. Cell 171, 522–539 (2017). source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data sets are highly valuable, although the intrinsic responses measured at the cell soma in vitro provide a rather limited glimpse of the sophisticated spatiotemporal operations of neurons in their network niche.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Electrophysiology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With the broad application of scRNAseq, it is now possible to begin to correlate transcriptomic, morphological and physiological data sets with the aim of building a multi-modal cell-classification scheme.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Multi-modal data correspondence
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The current ambiguity and disparity in cell clustering across modalities might reflect the lack of a conceptual framework that captures the essence of neuron type and distils the overarching properties that encapsulate or extend beyond the traditionally described cell phenotypes.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Multi-modal data correspondence
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“This analysis suggested a trend of correspondence between the identified 17 e-types, 38 m-types and 46 jointly classified me-types; for example, thick tufted cells in L5 (called the spiny7 m-type) corresponded quite well to an e-type called Exc_3.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Multi-modal data correspondence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Gouwens, N. W. et al. Classification of electrophysiological and morphological types in mouse visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. (in the press).
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Proper distinction of physiological neuron types may require the innovation and integration of multiple novel technologies to distil overarching functionally relevant features — for example, by measuring the I/O properties in the context of circuit operation.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Electrophysiology
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The definition of neuron type as a neural communication element rooted in a transcription programme is a higher-level abstraction that integrates multi-modal cell phenotypes, provides a framework for understanding neuronal diversity and may facilitate biologically principled cell-type classification beyond statistical algorithms and arbitrary criteria (Fig. 3).”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These elements can be task-dependently recruited into larger brain networks for systems-level information processing and computation, representing their distal behavioural and cognitive functions59,60.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [59] Kvitsiani, D. et al. Distinct behavioural and network correlates of two interneuron types in prefrontal cortex. Nature 498, 363–366 (2013). source
- Not checked yetcites [60] Pi, H. J. et al. Cortical interneurons that specialize in disinhibitory control. Nature 503, 521–524 (2013). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This transcription profiling method achieves substantially higher resolution than Drop-Seq and 10x Genomics platforms and more accurate mRNA-level measurements than Smart-Seq.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > Transcription profiles of cellular machines shape I/O properties
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] Paul, A., Huang, Z. J. & Single-cell, R. N. A. sequencing of fluorescently labeled mouse neurons using manual sorting and double in vitro transcription with absolute counts sequencing (DIVA-Seq). J. Vis. Exp. 140, e58690 (2018).
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As most common data sets on intrinsic properties in vitro may not reflect the essence of neuronal physiological operations, it is perhaps not surprising that they have not been particularly informative in neuronal classification.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Electrophysiology
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A key feature of the communication element concept is that it seamlessly incorporates the functional attributes of neuron types across levels.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The same large-scale analysis of adult mouse visual cortex36 used 28 Cre driver lines to enable broad coverage, selective targeting of rare populations and linking to previous single-cell transcriptomic data sets23 — the intrinsic properties of >1,900 neurons (928 spiny and 1,010 sparsely spiny) were analysed and the morphologies of 461 neurons (254 spiny and 207 aspiny) were partially”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Multi-modal data correspondence
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Gouwens, N. W. et al. Classification of electrophysiological and morphological types in mouse visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. (in the press).
- Not checked yetcites [23] Tasic, B. et al. Shared and distinct transcriptomic cell types across neocortical areas. Nature 563, 72–78 (2018). source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Measuring synaptic properties requires multiple simultaneous patch-clamp recordings, which are technically demanding and even more difficult to scale.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Classification and taxonomy > Electrophysiology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The concept of ‘modular organization’ of cortical architecture dates back more than four decades52,53,54.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [52] DeFelipe, J. et al. A microcolumnar structure of monkey cerebral cortex revealed by immunocytochemical studies of double bouquet cell axons. Neuroscience 37, 655–673 (1990). source
- Not checked yetcites [53] Douglas, R. J. & Martin, K. A. Neuronal circuits of the neocortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27, 419–451 (2004). source
- Not checked yetcites [54] Szentagothai, J. The ‘module-concept’ in cerebral cortex architecture. Brain Res. 95, 475–496 (1975). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neuronal communication elements with specific I/O transformation algorithms carry out a specific set of definable circuit operations (such as feedforward inhibition, lateral inhibition, disinhibition, gain control or γ-oscillations) — their proximal level functions.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The two fundamental features of a communication element are its connectivity (that is, communication partners) and I/O transformation (that is, communication mode), which encapsulate and extend the more conventional descriptions of cell features.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Although the transcription profile of a cell is influenced by extrinsic factors of the cellular milieu (including neural activity)65, core transcription programmes are primarily shaped by cell-intrinsic epigenomic landscapes (Box 1), which mainly derive from differential developmental programming of the genome.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [65] Hrvatin, S. et al. Single-cell analysis of experience-dependent transcriptomic states in the mouse visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 120–129 (2018). source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the importance of the variation of intrinsic physiological properties may be interpretable only in the context of their effect on I/O transformation.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Granularity of neuron types
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, despite much progress, large-scale measurement of I/O transformations in neuronal subpopulations in vivo remains a considerable challenge and may require entirely new technologies.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > Communication elements as a testable hypothesis
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: No single method currently exists for measuring I/O transformation.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Once identified, tighter correlations in specific subpopulations may emerge.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A better understanding of the I/O transformation properties of a broader neuron type may be necessary to define finer granularity.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Granularity of neuron types
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“In some cases, seemingly subtle variations may endow novel properties of a generic type of I/O transformation to a subset of cells, thereby warranting their classification as a separate subtype (for example, the 15 types of retinal bipolar cell69).”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Granularity of neuron types
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [69] Shekhar, K. et al. Comprehensive classification of retinal bipolar neurons by single-cell transcriptomics. Cell 166, 1308–1323 (2016). source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, the recent finding that there has been relatively poor correlation between currently described m-types and e-types is perhaps not surprising, as morphology indirectly reflects connectivity, whereas electrophysiological properties measured at somata are just a few of many contributing factors that determine I/O transformations.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, the communication element definition may coherently integrate molecular, anatomical, physiological, functional and developmental genetic features (Fig. 3); it is a testable hypothesis (Box 2).”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An intriguing corollary is that although communication is inherently a cell-extrinsic feature that is directly affected by communication partners, it is rooted in cell-intrinsic transcription programmes.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We suggest that uncovering the biological basis of neuron-type identity and granularity is necessary to decipher neuronal diversity and to achieve a satisfying classification and taxonomy.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Conclusions and perspectives
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Certain morphological features might be more tightly linked to connectivity (for example, CHC axon arborizations39), and certain intrinsic and synaptic features might be better linked to I/O properties (for instance, fast-spiking basket cells show fast in–fast out signal dynamics66).”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Wang, X. et al. Genetic single neuron anatomy reveals fine granularity of cortical axo-axonic cells. Cell Rep. 26, 3145–3159 (2019). source
- Not checked yetcites [66] Hu, H., Gan, J. & Jonas, P. Interneurons. fast-spiking, parvalbumin(+) GABAergic interneurons: from cellular design to microcircuit function. Science 345, 1255263 (2014). source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“First, high-resolution and high-coverage omics data sets are needed to provide the necessary substrates for comprehensive analysis and discovery. Large-scale, lower-resolution data sets alone (for example, assessing the expression on the order of 2,000 genes per cell71,72,73) may preclude the delineation of functional gene expression signatures.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Conclusions and perspectives
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [71] Campbell, J. N. et al. A molecular census of arcuate hypothalamus and median eminence cell types. Nat. Neurosci. 20, 484–496 (2017). source
- Not checked yetcites [72] Saunders, A. et al. Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain. Cell 174, 1015–1030 (2018). source
- Not checked yetcites [73] Zeisel, A. et al. Molecular architecture of the mouse nervous system. Cell 174, 999–1014 (2018). source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Thus, the communication element definition of neuron types should facilitate the delineation of higher-level modular organization of neural circuit architecture24,53 by clarifying the developmental genetic basis of elemental building blocks.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proposed framework here — that each cardinal neuron type can be defined as a neural communication element with characteristic I/O transformation properties that are encoded by key transcriptional signatures — posits that neuron types are not just statistical constructs shaped by arbitrary criteria but are inherently biological entities built with molecular genetic mechanisms that can be under”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Conclusions and perspectives
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although these single-cell epigenomics techniques have yet to reach the resolution and scale of scRNAseq, they have begun to resolve major cortical cell classes and subclasses (including glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, parvalbumin-expressing neurons, somatostatin-expressing neurons, glial cells and so on).”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > Single-cell epigenomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [83] Luo, C. et al. Single-cell methylomes identify neuronal subtypes and regulatory elements in mammalian cortex. Science 357, 600–604 (2017). source
- Not checked yetcites [84] Preissl, S. et al. Single-nucleus analysis of accessible chromatin in developing mouse forebrain reveals cell-type-specific transcriptional regulation. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 432–439 (2018). source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the communication element concept incorporates the functional definition of neuron types by clarifying and integrating different levels of functional explanations.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Key connectivity and I/O features might potentially be highly correlated once they can be measured at a high enough resolution.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The question of how many cell types a given brain region contains is frequently asked but will not have a clear answer until investigators can determine how finely and firmly cell types should be distinguished to be useful for understanding circuit function.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Granularity of neuron types
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“In another complementary study, potential master transcriptional regulators were inferred from chromatin accessibility assay in ~15,000 single nuclei using ATAC-seq84.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > Single-cell epigenomics
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [84] Preissl, S. et al. Single-nucleus analysis of accessible chromatin in developing mouse forebrain reveals cell-type-specific transcriptional regulation. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 432–439 (2018). source
plainn = 15,000- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The cardinal identity of a cell is probably already instilled at the postmitotic stage during development9,61,62,63,64, and its subsequent phenotypic differentiation and expression are regulated by extrinsic signals such as cell interactions and neural activity.”
§ The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements > Communication elements > An overarching and mechanistic framework of neuronal identity
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Kepecs, A. & Fishell, G. Interneuron cell types are fit to function. Nature 505, 318–326 (2014). source
- Not checked yetcites [61] Mayer, C. et al. Developmental diversification of cortical inhibitory interneurons. Nature 555, 457–462 (2018). source
- Not checked yetcites [62] Cao, J. et al. Joint profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in thousands of single cells. Science 361, 1380–1385 (2018). source
- Not checked yetcites [63] Taniguchi, H., Lu, J. & Huang, Z. J. The spatial and temporal origin of chandelier cells in mouse neocortex. Science 339, 70–74 (2013). source
- Not checked yetcites [64] Mi, D. et al. Early emergence of cortical interneuron diversity in the mouse embryo. Science 360, 81–85 (2018). source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No single method currently exists for measuring I/O transformation.
“There is currently no single method to measure I/O transformation.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“High-throughput single-cell sequencing techniques have identified dozens of types of neuron on the basis of their transcriptional profiles3,4,14,15, but linking transcriptomically defined cell types (t-types) to their phenotypes has remained a major challenge16.”
From Phenotypic variation of transcriptomic cell types in mouse motor cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“The notion of a ‘neuron type’, with similar properties among its members, as the basic unit of brain circuits has been an important concept for over a century; however, rigorous and quantitative definitions have remained surprisingly elusive1–5.”
From A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“The exceptional power of neuropeptide genes as cell type markers is also evident in the Tasic 2018 neuron-type nomenclature (see Tasic et al., 2018) and bold red type highlights in Figure 3—figure supplement 1) and is noteworthy in other recent single-cell transcriptomic analyses of mouse neuron differentiation (Huang and Paul, 2019; Paul et al., 2017; Sugino et al., 2019; Zeisel et al., 2018).”
From Single-cell transcriptomic evidence for dense intracortical neuropeptide networks (2019) · cites this paper as Huang and Paul, 2019
Citations
Cites
Highly parallel genome-wide expression profiling of individual cells using nanoliter droplets.
Macosko, E. Z., Basu, A., Satija, R., Nemesh, J., Shekhar, K., Goldman, M., Tirosh, I., Bialas, A. R., Kamitaki, N., Martersteck, E. M., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.002 · Cited by 7,110
Zhang, Y., Chen, K., Sloan, S. A., Bennett, M. L., Scholze, A. R., O'Keeffe, S., Phatnani, H. P., Guarnieri, P., Caneda, C., Ruderisch, N., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1860-14.2014 · Cited by 4,875
mRNA-Seq whole-transcriptome analysis of a single cell
Tang, F., Barbacioru, C., Wang, Y., Nordman, E., Lee, C., Xu, N., Wang, X., Bodeau, J., Tuch, B. B., Siddiqui, A., et al. (2009) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1315 · Cited by 3,969
From molecular to modular cell biology.
Hartwell, L. H., Hopfield, J. J., Leibler, S., & Murray, A. W. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35011540 · Cited by 3,632
Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq
Zeisel, A., Muñoz-Manchado, A. B., Codeluppi, S., Lönnerberg, P., La Manno, G., Juréus, A., Marques, S., Munguba, H., He, L., Betsholtz, C., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa1934 · Cited by 3,124
Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System
Zeisel, A., Hochgerner, H., Lönnerberg, P., Johnsson, A., Memic, F., van der Zwan, J., Häring, M., Braun, E., Borm, L. E., La Manno, G., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.021 · Cited by 2,552
Slide-seq: A scalable technology for measuring genome-wide expression at high spatial resolution
Rodriques, S. G., Stickels, R. R., Goeva, A., Martin, C. A., Murray, E., Vanderburg, C. R., Welch, J., Chen, L. M., Chen, F., & Macosko, E. Z. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaw1219 · Cited by 2,424
Unbiased classification of sensory neuron types by large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing
Usoskin, D., Furlan, A., Islam, S., Abdo, H., Lönnerberg, P., Lou, D., Hjerling-Leffler, J., Haeggström, J., Kharchenko, O., Kharchenko, P. V., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3881 · Cited by 2,136
Neuronal Diversity and Temporal Dynamics: The Unity of Hippocampal Circuit Operations
Klausberger, T., & Somogyi, P. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1149381 · Cited by 2,050
GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits
Tremblay, R., Lee, S., & Rudy, B. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.033 · Cited by 2,033
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Cajal, S. R. Nuevo concepto de la histología de los centros nerviosos. Rev. Cienc. Med. Barc. 18, 361–376 (1892).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 242
Koch, N. A., Sonnenberg, L., Hedrich, U. B. S., Lauxmann, S., & Benda, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1194811 · Cited by 13
“Advances in high-throughput techniques have enabled largescale investigation into single-cell properties across the CNS (58) that have revealed large diversity in neuronal gene expression, morphology and neuronal types in themotor cortex (28), neocortex (26, 59), GABAergic neurons in the cortex and retina (60, 61), ce…”
BackgroundProgrammable RNA Sensing for Cell Monitoring and ManipulationPreprint
Qian, Y., Li, J., Zhao, S., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.25.493141 · Cited by 14
Self-citationA Molecular Landscape of Mouse Hippocampal Neuromodulation
Smith, S. J., & von Zastrow, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2022.836930 · Cited by 13
Song, C., Kang, X., Yang, F., Du, W., Zhang, J., Liu, L., Kang, J., Jia, N., Yue, H., Fan, L., et al. (2021) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2020-0134 · Cited by 15
Postmitotic Prox1 Expression Controls the Final Specification of Cortical VIP Interneuron Subtypes
Stachniak, T. J., Kästli, R., Hanley, O., Argunşah, A. Ö., van der Valk, E. G. T., Kanatouris, G., & Karayannis, T. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1021-21.2021 · Cited by 13
GABAergic neurons maturation is regulated by a delicate network
Gao, M., Wang, K., & Zhao, H. (2022) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/jdn.10242 · Cited by 12
Regulating epileptiform discharges by heterogeneous interneurons in thalamocortical model
Zhao, J., Yu, Y., Han, F., & Wang, Q. (2023) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/5.0163243 · Cited by 12
Differences in nonlinearities determine retinal cell types
Trapani, F., Spampinato, G. L. B., Yger, P., & Marre, O. (2023) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00243.2022 · Cited by 11
Li, Y., Chen, S., Liu, W., Zhao, D., Gao, Y., Hu, S., Liu, H., Li, Y., Qu, L., & Liu, X. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42677-6 · Cited by 12
Differential behavioral engagement of inhibitory interneuron subtypes in the zebra finch brain
Hozhabri, E., Asensio, A. C., Elmaleh, M., Kim, J. W., Phillips, M. B., Frazel, P. W., Dimidschstein, J., Fishell, G., & Long, M. A. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.11.003 · Cited by 10
Anton, P. E., Maphis, N. M., Linsenbardt, D. N., & Coleman, L. G. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-81908-7_10 · Cited by 12
Speigel, I. A., Patel, K., & Hemmings, H. C. (2022) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2022.01.014 · Cited by 12
Mapping of morpho-electric features to molecular identity of cortical inhibitory neurons
Roussel, Y., Verasztó, C., Rodarie, D., Damart, T., Reimann, M., Ramaswamy, S., Markram, H., & Keller, D. X. (2023) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010058 · Cited by 11
Thyroid hormone as a temporal switch in mouse development
Ren, J., & Flamant, F. (2023) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1530/etj-22-0225 · Cited by 11
Genetic approaches to elucidating cortical and hippocampal GABAergic interneuron diversity
Machold, R. P., & Rudy, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1414955 · Cited by 12
Guet-McCreight, A., & Skinner, F. K. (2020) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.22584.2 · Cited by 14
Liu, X., Wei, Q., Yang, X., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Xu, R., Zhang, H., Wang, S., Wan, X., Jiang, L., et al. (2021) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00608 · Cited by 11
Zhang, Y., Cai, Y., Wang, Y., Deng, X., Zhao, Y., Zhang, Y., & Xie, Y. (2021) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-020-03371-3 · Cited by 10
GABAergic signaling shapes multiple aspects of Drosophila courtship motor behavior
Amin, H., Nolte, S. S., Swain, B., & von Philipsborn, A. C. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.108069 · Cited by 11
Sex-specific modulation of the medial prefrontal cortex by glutamatergic median raphe neurons
Collins, S. A., Stinson, H. E., Himes, A., Nestor‐Kalinoski, A. L., & Ninan, I. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg4800 · Cited by 9
Zeppillo, T., Ali, H., Ravichandran, S., Ritter, T. C., Wenger, S., López-Murcia, F. J., Gideons, E. S., Signorelli, J. R., Schmeißer, M. J., Wiltfang, J., et al. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06789-z · Cited by 12
Interneuron diversity in the human dorsal striatumPreprint
Garma, L., Harder, L., Barba-Reyes, J. M., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2921627/v1 · Cited by 21
Nakata, S., Iwasaki, K., Funato, H., Yanagisawa, M., & Ozaki, H. (2024) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2024.03.004 · Cited by 10
Szelenyi, E. R., Navarrete, J., Murry, A. D., Zhang, Y. Y., Girven, K. S., Kuo, L., Cline, M. M., Bernstein, M. X., Burdyniuk, M., Bowler, B., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.2320250121 · Cited by 5
Gutman-Wei, A. Y., & Brown, S. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.728832 · Cited by 9
Bio-inspired computing by nonlinear network dynamics—a brief introduction
Neves, F. S., & Timme, M. (2021) · Journal of Physics Complexity · doi:10.1088/2632-072x/ac3ad4 · Cited by 9
Oriol, L., Chao, M., Kollman, G. J., Dowlat, D. S., Singhal, S. M., Steinkellner, T., & Hnasko, T. S. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.100085 · Cited by 10
Gao, Y., van Velthoven, C. T. J., Lee, C., Thomas, E. D., Bertagnolli, D., Carey, D., Casper, T., Chakka, A. B., Chakrabarty, R., Clark, M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.616246 · Cited by 9
Stinson, H. E., & Ninan, I. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38192 · Cited by 6
The Temporal Lobe Club: Newer Approaches to Treat Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Sperling, M. R., Wu, C., Kang, J. Y., et al. (2023) · Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents · doi:10.1177/15357597231213161 · Cited by 8
Chofflet, N., Naito, Y., Pastore, A. J., Padmanabhan, N., Nguyen, P. T., Poitras, C., Feller, B., Yi, N., Prooijen, J. V., Khaled, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1371145 · Cited by 9
Polizzotto, N. R., Ramakrishnan, N., & Cho, R. Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00939 · Cited by 8
Green, M. V., Gallegos, D. A., Boua, J.-V. K., Bartelt, L. C., Narayanan, A., & West, A. E. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.04.004 · Cited by 9
Mechanisms of axon polarization in pyramidal neurons
Arikkath, J. (2020) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103522 · Cited by 11
Long‐range inputome of prefrontal GABAergic interneurons in the Alzheimer's disease mouse
Ren, M., Li, Y., Jiang, T., Liu, B., Li, X., Jia, X., Li, A., Luo, Q., Gong, H., & Li, X. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14552 · Cited by 5
Zhu, J. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112904 · Cited by 6
Schuster, J., Klar, J., Khalfallah, A., Laan, L., Hoeber, J., Fatima, A., Sequeira, V. M., Jin, Z., Korol, S. V., Huss, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.988993 · Cited by 6
Mahadevan, V., Mitra, A., Zhang, Y., Yuan, X. Q., Peltekian, A., Chittajallu, R., Esnault, C., Maric, D., Rhodes, C. T., Pelkey, K. A., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.10.144295 · Cited by 4
A solution to temporal credit assignment using cell-type-specific modulatory signalsPreprint
Liu, Y. H., Smith, S. J., Mihalaş, Ş., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.22.393504 · Cited by 6
A method to estimate the cellular composition of the mouse brain from heterogeneous datasetsPreprint
Rodarie, D., Verasztó, C., Roussel, Y., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.20.469384 · Cited by 6
Distribution of calbindin-positive neurons across areas and layers of the marmoset cerebral cortex
Atapour, N., Rosa, M. G. P., Bai, S., Bednarek, S., Kulesza, A., Saworska, G., Teymornejad, S., Worthy, K. H., & Majka, P. (2024) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012428 · Cited by 8
The Tripod neuron: a minimal structural reduction of the dendritic tree
Quaresima, A., Fitz, H., Duarte, R., den Broek, D. V., Peter Hagoort, A., & Petersson, K. M. (2022) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp283399 · Cited by 12
Micheva, K. D., Weinberg, R. J., & Smith, S. J. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc9555 · Cited by 6
Dissociable Roles of Pallidal Neuron Subtypes in Regulating Motor PatternsPreprint
Cui, Q., Pamukcu, A., Cherian, S., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.23.263053 · Cited by 5
Chemogenetic modulation in stroke recovery: A promising stroke therapy approach
Yu, X., Jian, Z., Dang, L., Zhang, X., He, P., Xiong, X., Feng, Y., & Rehman, A. U. (2025) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2025.05.003 · Cited by 4
Oriol, L., Chao, M., Kollman, G. J., Dowlat, D. S., Singhal, S. M., Steinkellner, T., & Hnasko, T. S. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.100085.3 · Cited by 5
Moussa, A. J., & Wester, J. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2022.982721 · Cited by 6
Cell type specification and diversity in subpallial organoids
Pavon, N., Sun, Y., & Pak, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1440583 · Cited by 4
Total number and ratio of GABAergic neuron types in the mouse lateral and basal amygdalaPreprint
Vereczki, V., Müller, K., Krizsán, É., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435365 · Cited by 4
Interneuron diversity in the human dorsal striatumPreprint
Garma, L. D., Harder, L., Barba-Reyes, J. M., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533839 · Cited by 4
Raudales, R., Kim, G., Kelly, S. M., Hatfield, J. T., Guan, W., Zhao, S., Paul, A., Qian, Y., Li, B., & Huang, Z. J. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566059 · Cited by 4
Self-citationInterneuron Transplantation for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Southwell, D. G. (2023) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2023.08.006 · Cited by 3
GHSR in a Subset of GABA Neurons Controls Food Deprivation-Induced Hyperphagia in Male Mice
Cornejo, M. P., Fernández, G., Cabral, A., Barrile, F., Heredia, F., Romero, G. G., Sampieri, J. P. Z., Quelas, J. I., Cantel, S., Fehrentz, J., et al. (2024) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqae061 · Cited by 3
Becerra-Hernández, L. V., Casanova, M. F., & Buriticá, E. (2024) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149285 · Cited by 3
Cao, J.-W., Mao, X., Zhu, L., Zhou, Z., Jiang, S.-N., Liu, L., Zhang, S., Fu, Y., Xu, W., & Yu, Y. (2022) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-022-00983-x · Cited by 3
Kim, D. W., Liu, K., Wang, Z. Q., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.106963 · Cited by 3
Limoni, G., Niquille, M., Murthy, S. S., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.166926 · Cited by 3
Perez, J. D., Dieck, S. T., Alvarez‐Castelao, B., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.10.17.341651 · Cited by 3
Differences in non-linearities determine retinal cell typesPreprint
Trapani, F., Spampinato, G. L. B., Yger, P., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.26.493557 · Cited by 3
Green, M. V., Gallegos, D. A., Boua, J.-V. K., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523312 · Cited by 3
Diverse GABA signaling in the inner retina enables spatiotemporal codingPreprint
Matsumoto, A., Morris, J., Looger, L. L., & Yonehara, K. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.09.574952 · Cited by 2
Oriol, L., Chao, M., Kollman, G. J., Dowlat, D. S., Singhal, S. M., Steinkellner, T., & Hnasko, T. S. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.100085.1 · Cited by 3
Wang, W. X., & Lefebvre, J. L. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.29.971366
Takeuchi, R. F., Ishida, R., Kamaguchi, R., Nishimura, M., Tsutsumi, K., Ito, K. N., Adachi, S., Isobe, K., & Osakada, F. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113525 · Cited by 2
Subventricular zone radial glial cells maintain inhibitory neuron production in the human brain
Jia, L., Li, X., Yan, Y., Xu, L., Guo, J., Wang, W., Zhang, W., Li, L., Shang, B., Zhang, Y., et al. (2026) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adw1803 · Cited by 4
Enwright, J. F., Tamburino, A. M., Tumkaya, T., Lovatt, D., Pan, J., Gunaratna, R., Fagegaltier, D., Wang, X., Marino, M. J., Fish, K. N., et al. (2026) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20250355 · Cited by 2
Bimodal modulation of L1 interneuron activity in anterior cingulate cortex during fear conditioning
Fossati, G., Kiss-Bodolay, D., Prados, J., Chéreau, R., Husi, E., Cadilhac, C., Gómez, L., Silva, B. A., Dayer, A. G., & Holtmaat, A. J. D. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2023.1138358 · Cited by 3
Presubicular VIP expressing interneurons receive facilitating excitation from anterior thalamus
Nassar, M., Richevaux, L., Lim, D., Tayupo, D., Martin, E., & Fricker, D. (2024) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.09.032 · Cited by 2
Wei, Z., Zhang, S., Bai, K., Liu, Y., Luan, Y., Hu, Z., Li, Y., Qu, Z., Hu, X., Ding, X., et al. (2025) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.204532 · Cited by 2
Advances in approaches to study cell-type specific cortical circuits throughout development
Hanson, M. A., & Wester, J. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.1031389 · Cited by 2
On the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate cortex
Suryanarayana, S. M. (2019) · Figshare · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.30829.33765 · Cited by 2
Computational Properties of the Visual Microcircuit
(2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.30.229435 · Cited by 2
Rich, S., Chameh, H. M., Lefebvre, J., & Valiante, T. A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.02.433627 · Cited by 2
Complex regulation of Gephyrin splicing is a determinant of inhibitory postsynaptic diversityPreprint
Reis, R. D., Kornobis, É., Pereira, A., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1111489/v1 · Cited by 2
Input-Specific Inhibitory Plasticity Improves Decision Accuracy Under NoisePreprint
Song, S. C., Shen, B., Machold, R. P., Rudy, B., Glimcher, P. W., Louie, K., & Froemke, R. C. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.24.493332 · Cited by 2
Intrinsic neural diversity quenches the dynamic volatility of neural networksPreprint
Hutt, A., Rich, S., Valiante, T. A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.25.505270 · Cited by 2
Szelenyi, E. R., Navarrete, J., Murry, A. D., Zhang, Y. Y., Girven, K. S., Kuo, L., Cline, M. M., Bernstein, M. X., Burdyniuk, M., Bowler, B., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568319 · Cited by 3
Distribution of calbindin-positive neurons across areas and layers of the marmoset cerebral cortexPreprint
Atapour, N., Rosa, M. G. P., Bai, S., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.05.574341 · Cited by 2
Cholinergic recruitment of Chandelier cells during arousalPreprint
Martinez-Marquez, E., Reyes-León, S., Garcia-San-Jose, F., López-Begines, S., Nieto-González, J. L., & García‐Junco‐Clemente, P. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.18.633708 · Cited by 2
Preferential transduction of parvalbumin-expressing cortical neurons by AAV-mDLX5/6 vectors
Yazdan-Shahmorad, P., Gibson, S. D., Lee, J. C., & Horwitz, G. D. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1269025 · Cited by 1
A historical and technological perspective on the evolution of the human brain transcriptome
Risgaard, R. D., Doll, H. M., & Sousa, A. M. M. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27380-3.00053-1 · Cited by 1
Sex-dimorphic reprogramming of fetal mouse brain development by maternal estradiol excess
Wang, H., Wei, Z., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Li, J., & Zhou, C. (2025) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-025-00792-7 · Cited by 1
Neuronal identity is not static: An input-driven perspective
Joshi, N., van der Burg, S., Celikel, T., & Zeldenrust, F. (2025) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013821 · Cited by 2
Becerra-Hernández, L. V., Ortiz‐Muñoz, D., Escobar, A. S., González-Acosta, C. A., Buriticá, E., & Martínez-Cerdeño, V. (2026) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.150141 · Cited by 3
Prefrontal chandelier cells encode stimulus salience to influence learning in male mice
Zhang, K., Shao, M., Kong, Q., Ren, B., Rui, F., Li, M., Qi, Y., Huang, D., Xu, T., Huang, Z. J., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68959-3 · Cited by 1
Self-citation[Advances on GABAergic interneurons in autism spectrum disorders].
Li, J., Xu, J., & Luo, J. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.08.10 · Cited by 1
Parvalbumin interneurons are essential for tonotopy strength in the auditory cortex
Tang, X., Zhao, Z., Li, L., Tao, J., Chen, Y., Polat, M., Yang, Z., Wei, Z., Liang, S., Zhang, K., et al. (2025) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2025.06.020 · Cited by 1
Koch, N. A., Sonnenberg, L., Hedrich, U. B. S., Lauxmann, S., & Benda, J. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.16.524256 · Cited by 1
Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors govern PV neuron feature selectivityPreprint
Hong, I., Kim, J., Hainmueller, T., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549908 · Cited by 1
Raudales, R., Kim, G., Kelly, S. M., Hatfield, J. T., Guan, W., Zhao, S., Paul, A., Qian, Y., Li, B., & Huang, Z. J. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.93481.1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationCommunity effort to unravel the complex human neuronal landscape exemplified for the striatumPreprint
Schultze, J. L., Agrawal, S., Scholz, R., Hartmann, C. L., Hetzel, L., Carraro, C., Bernardes, J. P., Lautwein, T., Reinhardt, S., Franitza, M., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3960911/v1 · Cited by 1
Oriol, L., Chao, M., Kollman, G. J., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.597996 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, Z. J., & Paul, A.
- Affiliations
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Z. Josh
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2019-06-20
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 563-572
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- PMC
- PMC8796706
- OpenAlex
- W2952995021
- Semantic Scholar
- fd445697b0179669b2b59a629089cae72653bda2
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH109665, U19MH114821, R01MH101268)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- GABAergic neurons, cortical interneurons, neuronal cell types, gene expression signatures, neuronal identity, single-cell transcriptomics, neuronal morphology, electrophysiology, neural circuits, cognitive function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Communication, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Interneurons, GABAergic Neurons, Transcriptome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-07, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-07 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
