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Cited by 550Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsSingle-cell and spatial transcriptomicsDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

Developmental diversification of cortical inhibitory interneurons

Open access
Mayer, Christian, Hafemeister, Christoph, Bandler, Rachel C., Machold, Robert, Batista Brito, Renata, Jaglin, Xavier, Allaway, Kathryn, Butler, Andrew +2 more·2018·Nature
DOI 10.1038/nature25999PMC PMC6052457

Published version of a preprint

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Abstract

Diverse subsets of cortical interneurons have vital roles in higher-order brain functions. To investigate how this diversity is generated, here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptomes of mouse cells collected along a developmental time course. Heterogeneity within mitotic progenitors in the ganglionic eminences is driven by a highly conserved maturation trajectory, alongside eminence-specific transcription factor expression that seeds the emergence of later diversity. Upon becoming postmitotic, progenitors diverge and differentiate into transcriptionally distinct states, including an interneuron precursor state. By integrating datasets across developmental time points, we identified shared sources of transcriptomic heterogeneity between adult interneurons and their precursors, and uncovered the embryonic emergence of cardinal interneuron subtypes. Our analysis revealed that the transcription factor Mef2c, which is linked to various neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, delineates early precursors of parvalbumin-expressing neurons, and is essential for their development. These findings shed new light on the molecular diversification of early inhibitory precursors, and identify gene modules that may influence the specification of human interneuron subtypes.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nature25999

Cites

46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 24 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    In murine ganglionic eminences, heterogeneity among mitotic progenitors is driven by a highly conserved maturation trajectory together with eminence-specific transcription factor expression that seeds later diversity.

    “Heterogeneity within mitotic progenitors in the ganglionic eminences is driven by a highly conserved maturation trajectory, alongside eminence-specific transcription factor expression that seeds the emergence of later diversity.”
    • Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
      “Within mitotic progenitors, we found a highly conserved maturation trajectory, accompanied by eminence-specific transcription factor expression that seeds the emergence of later cell diversity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    After becoming postmitotic, ganglionic eminence progenitors diverge and differentiate into transcriptionally distinct states, including an interneuron precursor state.

    “Upon becoming postmitotic, progenitors diverge and differentiate into transcriptionally distinct states, including an interneuron precursor state.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The transcription factor Mef2c is among the genes that discriminate early Pvalb-precursors from other MGE-derived interneuron types.

    “Our analysis revealed that the ASD-associated transcription factor Mef2c delineates early Pvalb-precursors, and is essential for their development.”
    • Also stated in: § Diversity emerges from a common precursor state · plain
      “the transcription factor Mef2c was among the genes discriminating early Pvalb-precursors from other MGE-derived interneuron types”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Conditional deletion of Mef2c in inhibitory neurons led to a specific loss of Pvalb-interneurons by P20 in cortical layers 2-6.

    “conditional deletion of Mef2c in inhibitory neurons led to a specific loss of Pvalb-interneurons by P20 in cortical layers 2-6”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Unsupervised branching analysis restricted to mitotic progenitors found no evidence for specification of distinct interneuron fates.

    “when we performed the unsupervised branching analysis only in mitotic progenitors, we found no evidence for the specification of distinct interneuron fates”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 33
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 9

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Integrating datasets across developmental timepoints identified shared sources of transcriptomic heterogeneity between adult interneurons and their precursors, revealing the embryonic emergence of interneuron cardinal subtypes.

    “By integrating datasets across developmental timepoints, we identified shared sources of transcriptomic heterogeneity between adult interneurons and their precursors, revealing the embryonic emergence of interneuron cardinal subtypes.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In comparisons of MGE versus CGE, Pvalb versus Sst, and Vip versus Id2, more conserved differentially expressed genes appear as development proceeds.

    “the number of conserved DE genes grow over time. Same analysis for Pvalb vs. Sst subsets (Middle), and Vip vs. Id2 subsets (Right).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Developmental progression and cell cycle were the primary sources of transcriptional variance in progenitors, with maturation explaining six-fold more variance than eminence-of-origin.

    “Developmental progression and cell cycle were the primary sources of transcriptional variance in these progenitors (Supplementary Methods), with maturation proportionally explaining six-fold more variance compared to eminence-of-origin”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Lhx8-Cre/cerulean fate mapping indicates that MGE branch three precursors produce all cholinergic projection neurons of the globus pallidus and nucleus basalis, as well as striatal interneurons.

    “Genetic fate mapping using Lhx8-Cre/cerulean demonstrates that MGE branch three precursors give rise to the entire breadth of cholinergic projection (Globus Pallidus and Nucleus Basalis) and interneuron (striatum) populations.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Mitotic cells form a homogeneous point cloud with low variance on PC1 and PC2 and show no evidence of fate bifurcation in PCA.

    “Mitotic cells fall within a homogeneous point cloud, with low variance on PC1 and PC2, showing no evidence of fate bifurcation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Most E18.5 cortical cells positive for Dlx6a-Cre;RCEloxP mapped to the interneuron precursor state, with roughly equal contributions from MGE and CGE precursors.

    “the vast majority of Dlx6a-Cre;RCEloxP positive E18.5 cortical cells map to the interneuron precursor state, and are split between MGE and CGE-derived precursors.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Because a constitutive Cre driver labels over time, transient expression in cortical interneurons causes them to be extensively labeled as well.

    “The cumulative longitudinal use of a constitutive Cre driver also results in extensive labeling of cortical interneurons due to transient expression within this population.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    By E18, all cardinal types of interneurons could be identified, and additional subtypes appeared to be transcriptionally specified.

    “By E18, all cardinal types of interneurons could be identified, and additional subtypes appeared to be transcriptionally specified as well”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In-situ hybridization confirmed that these waves describe sequential expression of stem-cell, proneural, and neurogenic genes, roughly correlating with spatiotemporal progression from the ventricular zone to the mantle zone.

    “In-situ hybridization (ISH) confirmed that these waves describe the sequential expression of stem-cell (e.g. Nes), proneural (e.g., Ascl1), and neurogenic genes (e.g. Dcx; Fig. 2C), roughly correlating with the spatiotemporal progression from the VZ to the mantle zone (MZ)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingown data

    From the full dataset, 3,432 GABAergic interneurons were selected for further analysis based on Gad1 expression and lack of Slc17a7.

    “Of all cells, 3,432 GABAergic interneurons were easily identified by the expression of Gad1 and depletion of Slc17a7, and were selected for downstream analysis.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Precursor state 3 branches exhibited weaker correlation across eminences, with Lhx8 as a marker gene for MGE Branch 3.

    “The third group of branches (i.e. precursor state 3) exhibited weaker correlation across eminences, with the transcription factor Lhx8 representing a marker gene for the MGE Branch 3”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Including the P56 dataset in the integrated analysis improved separation and allowed developmental precursors to be mapped onto adult subtypes.

    “Integrated analysis with the P56 dataset results in clearer separation, and enables us to map developmental precursors to adult subtypes.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    P10 cells exhibited strong evidence of transcriptomic separation beyond cardinal types, including segregation between Sst Martinotti and non-Martinotti, Vip bipolar and multipolar, and Id2 neurogliaform and non-neurogliaform interneuron subtypes.

    “Based on this alignment, P10 cells exhibited strong evidence of transcriptomic separation beyond cardinal types, (Fig. 4B), including clear segregation between Sst Martinotti versus non-Martinotti (X94), Vip bipolar versus multipolar, and Id2 neurogliaform versus non-neurogliaform interneuron subtypes”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Bootstrapped minimum spanning tree analysis found clear fate bifurcations as cells become postmitotic, with precursors from all GEs branching into distinct precursor states.

    “We first observed evidence of clear fate bifurcations as cells become postmitotic, and precursors from all GEs branched into distinct precursor states”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Among Dlx6a-Cre;RCEloxP positive cells, rare groups lacking canonical interneuron markers were found and probably came from FACS false positives.

    “we identified rare populations that did not express canonical interneuron (IN) markers, likely representing false positives from FACS.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Clustering the 3,432 GABAergic cells produced 14 clusters, which fell into broad cardinal types according to canonical markers.

    “tSNE visualization and graph-based clustering of the 3,432 GABAergic cells reveals 14 clusters, which could be broadly grouped into cardinal types based on the expression of canonical markers”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Branching analysis on mitotic progenitors produced computational evidence of branching, but this does not represent fate bifurcations as observed in postmitotic cells.

    “While we did observe computational evidence of branching, this does not represent fate bifurcations as we observed in postmitotic cells.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    At E13.5, Pvalb- and Sst-precursor cells separated within postmitotic populations, and transcriptomic markers conserved into adulthood were identified.

    “we observed a separation of Pvalb- and Sst-precursor cells within the E13.5 postmitotic populations (Fig. 4D), and identified transcriptomic markers that were conserved into adulthood”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Branching trajectories represented the most significant source of variation in these cells, with an increasing contribution attributable to eminence of origin compared to mitotic progenitors.

    “branching trajectories represented the most significant source of variation in these cells, with an increasing contribution attributable to eminence of origin compared to mitotic progenitors”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Genes whose expression peaks at low maturation score tend to be expressed more highly in the ventricular zone, and as maturation score rank rises expression shifts to the subventricular zone and then to the mantle zone.

    “The trend overall shows that genes with peak expression at low MS tend to have higher expression in the VZ, and as MS rank increases the expression pattern shifts to the subventricular zone (SVZ) and then to the MZ”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [31] Madisen, L. et al. A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain. Nat. Neurosci. 13, 133–140 (2010) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    A minority of E13.5 cells mapped to Vip and Id2 subsets, but conserved transcriptomic markers did not pass statistical significance until E18.5.

    “A minority of E13.5 cells also mapped to Vip and Id2 subsets, but conserved transcriptomic markers did not pass statistical significance until E18.5”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Lhx8-Cre fate mapping suggested that these neurons account for the majority, if not all, of cholinergic projection and interneuron populations in the nucleus basalis, medial septum, and striatum, and the majority of Pvalb-positive projection neurons in the globus pallidus.

    “Genetic ‘fate-mapping’ using Lhx8-Cre suggested that these neurons account for the majority, if not all of the cholinergic projection and interneuron populations within the nucleus basalis, medial septum, and striatum, respectively, as well as the majority of Pvalb-positive projection neurons in the globus pallidus5,6”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [5] Nóbrega-Pereira, S . et al. Origin and molecular specification of globus pallidus neurons. J. Neurosci. 30, 2824–2834 (2010) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [6] Zhao, Y . et al. The LIM-homeobox gene Lhx8 is required for the development of many cholinergic neurons in the mouse forebrain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 9005–9010 (2003) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The two significant components from the enriched mitotic progenitor diffusion map reflect the previously defined maturation trajectory, with DMC1 separating mitotic cells.

    “These components reflect our previously defined maturation trajectory, with DMC1 separating mitotic cells (left).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The Lhx6-GFP-negative dataset contains both mitotic and postmitotic cells from the CGE, and diffusion map analysis shows the previously defined maturation trajectory.

    “Our Lhx6-GFP-negative dataset contains both mitotic and postmitotic cells from the CGE and diffusion map analysis shows our previously defined maturation trajectory.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Clear emergence of Sst, Vip and Id2 subtypes was apparent for a subset of cells at E18.5, but Pvalb neurons could not be clearly subdivided by P10.

    “the clear emergence of Sst, Vip and Id2 subtypes was apparent for a subset of cells at E18.5 (Extended Data Figure 8), but we were unable to clearly subdivide Pvalb neurons by P10, in accordance with their late maturation28.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [28] Harrington, A. J . et al. MEF2C regulates cortical inhibitory and excitatory synapses and behaviors relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders. eLife 5, 140 (2016) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Diffusion map analysis of 400 enriched mitotic progenitors returned only two significant principal components and no evidence of further structure.

    “Diffusion map analysis of these cells returned only two significant principal components, with no evidence of further structure.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The maturation trajectory recapitulated known dynamics of neuronal maturation and segregated GE cells into mitotic and postmitotic phases.

    “observed that MT recapitulated known dynamics associated with neuronal maturation (Fig. 1E) while also segregating GE cells into ‘mitotic’ and ‘postmitotic’ phases”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Cortical interneurons are developmentally derived from progenitors in the medial, caudal and lateral ganglionic eminences.

    “This diverse group of neurons is developmentally derived from progenitors residing in embryonic proliferative zones known as the medial, caudal and lateral ganglionic eminences (MGE, CGE, LGE, respectively)1.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [1] Kepecs, A. & Fishell, G. Interneuron cell types are fit to function. Nature 505, 318–326 (2014) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The MGE and CGE produce non-overlapping types of cortical interneurons.

    “The MGE and CGE are known to produce non-overlapping types of cortical interneurons16.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [16] Rudy, B ., Fishell, G ., Lee, S. & Hjerling-Leffler, J. Three groups of interneurons account for nearly 100% of neocortical GABAergic neurons. Dev. Neurobiol. 71, 45–61 (2011) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Eminence-specific genes may direct the axons of parvalbumin cortical interneurons to form perisomal baskets and the efferents of somatostatin cortical interneurons to target dendrites.

    “Supplementing these more general programs are the eminence-specific genes that, for example, may direct the axons of parvalbumin cortical interneurons to form perisomal baskets and the efferents of somatostatin cortical interneurons to reliably target dendrites.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Gad1/Meis2 double-positive cells are probably CGE projection neuron precursors described previously, and their descendants were not found in the mouse visual cortex dataset.

    “Cells expressing both genes are likely projection neuron precursors that have recently been described in the CGE21, but whose progeny is not captured in the mouse visual cortex dataset.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [21] Frazer, S . et al. Transcriptomic and anatomic parcellation of 5-HT3AR expressing cortical interneuron subtypes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Nat. Commun. 8, 14219 (2017) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Postmitotic cells were clustered and three rare clusters with Lhx6 mRNA in over 20% of cells were removed to prevent FACS false-negative MGE cells from contaminating the Lhx6-GFP-negative dataset.

    “To avoid the possibility of FACS false negative MGE cells contaminating our Lhx6-GFP-negative dataset, we clustered the postmitotic cells from this dataset, and filtered out three rare clusters where Lhx6 mRNA expression was detected in more than 20% of cells”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    E13.5 MGE and E14.5 CGE/LGE correspond to peak neurogenesis in these structures.

    “We manually dissected the embryonic day (E)13.5 MGE or E14.5 CGE and LGE from wild type mouse embryos, timepoints corresponding to peak neurogenesis in these structures7,8”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [7] Inan, M ., Welagen, J. & Anderson, S. A. Spatial and temporal bias in the mitotic origins of somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneuron subgroups and the chandelier subtype in the medial ganglionic eminence. Cereb. Cortex 22, 820–827 (2012) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [8] Miyoshi, G . et al. Genetic fate mapping reveals that the caudal ganglionic eminence produces a large and diverse population of superficial cortical interneurons. J. Neurosci. 30, 1582–1594 (2010) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Postmitotic pan-eminence transcriptional programs emerge, and in parallel, eminence-specific transcriptional programs escalate.

    “Thus, our data reveal how postmitotic pan-eminence transcriptional programs (precursor states) emerge, and in parallel, eminence-specific transcriptional programs escalate.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Genome-wide association studies have linked mutations in Mef2c to Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

    “Genome-wide association studies have linked mutations in this gene to Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, and other neurodevelopmental disorders29.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [29] Habib, N . et al. Massively parallel single-nucleus RNA-seq with DroNc-seq. Nat. Methods 14, 955–958 (2017) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Prior work has described these cells in cortical white matter and suggested they are projection neuron precursors.

    “These cells have been recently described as being present in the cortical white matter and likely represent projection neuron precursors21.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [21] Frazer, S . et al. Transcriptomic and anatomic parcellation of 5-HT3AR expressing cortical interneuron subtypes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Nat. Commun. 8, 14219 (2017) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    Latent variable regression was used to mitigate cell-cycle heterogeneity, preventing subsequent analysis from being dominated by mitotic phase-specific gene expression.

    “We performed latent variable regression to mitigate heterogeneity resulting from cell-cycle state10,11 (Extended Data Fig. 1), preventing subsequent analysis from being dominated by mitotic phase-specific gene expression”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [10] Buettner, F . et al. Computational analysis of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in single-cell RNA-sequencing data reveals hidden subpopulations of cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 33, 155–160 (2015) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [11] Tirosh, I . et al. Dissecting the multicellular ecosystem of metastatic melanoma by single-cell RNA-seq. Science 352, 189–196 (2016) source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The FlashTag maturation trajectory serves as complementary validation of the Drop-seq maturation trajectory and exhibits strong association with biological time.

    “Therefore, our FlashTag maturation trajectory serves as complementary validation of our Drop-seq maturation trajectory, and exhibits strong association with biological time.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
38 of 38

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The genetic programs that drive interneuron fate specification and maintenance are not well understood.

    “the genetic programs driving interneuron fate specification and maintenance are not well understood”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    It remains unclear how early sources of heterogeneity generate the vast diversity of adult interneurons.

    “it remains unclear how these early sources of heterogeneity generate the vast diversity of adult interneurons”
2 of 2

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • A contemporaneous study using a different single-cell RNA sequencing approach found no evidence for early embryonic specification of interneurons into specific cell types.

    “a contemporaneous study based on a different scRNA-seq approach found no evidence for early embryonic specification of interneurons into specific cell types”

    From Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons (2018) · cites this paper as Mayer et al., 2018

  • The cardinal identity of a cell is probably already instilled at the postmitotic stage during development, and its subsequent phenotypic differentiation and expression are regulated by extrinsic signals such as cell interactions and neural activity.

    “The cardinal identity of a cell is probably already instilled at the postmitotic stage during development9,61,62,63,64, and its subsequent phenotypic differentiation and expression are regulated by extrinsic signals such as cell interactions and neural activity.”

    From The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements (2019) · cites this paper as [61]

  • Cortical excitatory neuron transcriptomes may be more heterogeneous due to developmental origin spread across dorsal telencephalon, compared with GABAergic populations that originate in ganglionic eminences and migrate to cortex.

    “Cortical excitatory neuron transcriptomes may be more heterogeneous due to their developmental origin spread across the dorsal telencephalon, compared with GABAergic populations that originate in the ganglionic eminences and migrate to cortex (Mayer et al., 2018).”

    From Single-Cell Sequencing of Brain Cell Transcriptomes and Epigenomes (2021) · cites this paper as Mayer et al., 2018

  • scRNA-seq reveals how neuronal and glial cell type identities emerge in developing mouse and human brain, and even across whole organisms.

    “scRNA-seq reveals how neuronal and glial cell type identities emerge in developing mouse (Mayer et al., 2018; Telley et al., 2019; Tiklová et al., 2019) and human brain (Li et al., 2018; Nowakowski et al., 2017; Pollen et al., 2015), and even across whole organisms (Farrell et al., 2018).”

    From Single-Cell Sequencing of Brain Cell Transcriptomes and Epigenomes (2021) · cites this paper as Mayer et al., 2018

  • Lhx6 participates in MGE cell fate determination, while Lamp5+ neocortical interneurons derive from CGE.

    “Lhx6–a transcription factor–participates in cell fate determination of MGE types, whereas Lamp5+ neocortical interneurons come from the CGE35.”

    From Innovations present in the primate interneuron repertoire (2020) · cites this paper as [35]

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Authors
Mayer, C., Hafemeister, C., Bandler, R. C., Machold, R., Batista Brito, R., Jaglin, X., Allaway, K., Butler, A., Fishell, G., & Satija, R.
Affiliations
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • New York Genome Center (US)
  • NYU Langone Health (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Fishell, Gord
  • Satija, Rahul
ORCID
Venue
Nature
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2018-03-05
Volume
555
Issue
7697
Pages
457-462
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/nature25999
PMC
PMC6052457
OpenAlex
W2791731597
Semantic Scholar
7450ce01a65bcf74dd0dabd3df9b6cf350b4401b
Cited by
492
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 39 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 34
FWCI
22.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (1342536)
  • Simons Foundation (P01 NS074972)
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH DP2, 1dp2hg009623-01, MH071679, NS074972)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (F30MH114462, R01MH111529, R01MH071679, R37MH071679)
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (DP2-HG-009623)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007308)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P01NS074972, F31NS103398, R01NS039007, R01NS081297)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
cortical interneurons, MEF2C, parvalbumin neurons, ganglionic eminence, transcriptional heterogeneity, interneuron subtypes, developmental trajectories, transcription factors, neuropsychiatric disorders, mouse embryo
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Differentiation, Embryo, Mammalian, Female, Ganglia, Humans, Interneurons, Male, Mitosis, Neural Inhibition, Parvalbumins, Visual Cortex, RNA, Small Cytoplasmic, Gene Expression Profiling, Mice, Single-Cell Analysis, MEF2 Transcription Factors

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