Early emergence of cortical interneuron diversity in the mouse embryo
Open accessAbstract
Embryonic hints of adult diversity: The adult brain contains dozens of different types of interneurons that control and refine neuronal circuits. Mi et al. used single-cell transcriptomics to investigate when these subtypes emerge during interneuron development in the mouse. Transcriptomes of embryonic interneurons showed similarities to adult classes of differentiated interneurons, thus dividing the immature embryonic interneurons themselves into classes. Nearly a dozen classes of embryonic neurons could be identified soon after their last mitosis by transcriptomic similarity with known classes of adult cortical interneurons. Thus, the fate of embryonic interneurons can be read in their transcriptomes well before the neurons migrate and reach their final sites of differentiation and circuit integration. Science , this issue p. 81
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- Findingown data
Progenitor cell clusters in the ganglionic eminences showed prominent temporal segregation.
“This analysis revealed a prominent temporal segregation of progenitor clusters (fig. S6, B and D)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingcitation
The profile of emerging caudal ganglionic eminence-specific interneuron classes, such as those characterized by Meis2 expression, is delineated at this stage.
“The profile of emerging CGE-specific interneuron classes, such as those characterized by the expression of Meis2 (21), is also delineated at this stage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [21] Frazer S Transcriptomic and anatomic parcellation of 5-HT3AR expressing cortical interneuron subtypes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing Nat Commun 2017 8 14219 28134272 PMC5290279 source
Not checked in the free run.
- Findingown data
Regional identity segregated more clearly among E14.5 neuronal clusters.
“This analysis revealed that regional identity segregates more clearly among E14.5 neuronal clusters (figs. S15C)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Unbiased clustering of all neurons identified 13 groups of newborn neurons with distinctive gene expression profiles and unique temporal and regional identities.
“Unbiased clustering of all neurons identified 13 groups of newborn neurons with distinctive gene expression profiles, as well as unique temporal and regional identities (figs. S15, A to D and S16).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Analysis of region- and cell type-specific gene expression revealed emerging signatures of the main groups of cortical interneurons.
“Analysis of the expression of region- and cell type-specific genes revealed the emerging signature of the main groups of cortical interneurons (fig. S15F).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Findingown data
Clusters primarily populated by medial ganglionic eminence-derived cells segregated into groups with SST+ interneuron features (N3 and N4) and groups without those features (N1, N2, N9).
“For example, clusters primarily populated by MGE-derived cells can be further segregated into those with features of SST+ interneurons (N3 and N4) and those without (N1, N2 and N9)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Developmental stage and anatomical source contributed to cell segregation in principal component analysis.
“We found that developmental stage and anatomical source contribute to cell segregation (Fig. 1, B and C, and figs. S2 and S3).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The caudal ganglionic eminence gives rise to neurons with a molecular profile of SST+ interneurons (N13).
“This analysis also revealed that the CGE gives rise to neurons with molecular profile of SST+ interneurons (N13)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Many progenitor clusters present at E12.5 did not have a direct transcriptional equivalent at E14.5.
“Many progenitor clusters found at E12.5 did not seem to have a direct transcriptional equivalent at E14.5 (fig. S10B)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
GO enrichment analysis revealed different states of maturation across neuronal clusters.
“GO enrichment analysis revealed different states of maturation across neuronal clusters (fig. S15E)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Random forest classification identified 6 prospective interneuron subtypes among embryonic neurons.
“found 6 prospective interneuron subtypes among embryonic neurons (Fig. 3A and fig. S18).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Findingown data
Differential gene expression between E12.5 progenitor clusters P5 and P7 found early PV markers (Ccnd2 and St18) and SST markers (Epha5, Cdk14 and Maf) in these progenitor pools.
“We found early PV (Ccnd2 and St18) and SST markers (Epha5, Cdk14 and Maf) in these progenitor pools (Fig. 4, C and D)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Embryonic neurons assigned to the 11 classes exhibit unique patterns of gene expression.
“which exhibit unique patterns of gene expression (Fig. 3D and fig. S20)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Findingown data
All 11 classes of cortical interneurons were identified among embryonic neurons.
“all 11 classes of cortical interneurons were identified among embryonic neurons (Fig. 3C)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Findingown data
The analysis identifies early markers for many different classes of cortical interneurons.
“Our analysis identifies early markers for many different classes of cortical interneurons”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Comparison between the random forest and canonical correlation approaches identified 8 conserved interneuron subtypes among assigned embryonic neurons.
“Comparison between the two independent approaches identified 8 conserved interneuron subtypes among the assigned embryonic neurons (Fig. 3E).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Findingown data
These early PV and SST markers are subsequently maintained in specific subtypes of newborn interneurons.
“which are subsequently maintained in specific subtypes of newborn interneurons (Fig. 3, A and D).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
MetaNeighbor analysis revealed putative SST+ and PV+ progenitor cell clusters at E12.5 and E14.5.
“This analysis revealed putative SST+ and PV+ progenitor cell clusters at E12.5 and E14.5 (Fig. 4A and fig. S23).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The authors were unable to identify all cell types originally described in the adult dataset among embryonic cells.
“We were unable to identify all cell types originally described in the adult dataset (8)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [8] Tasic B Adult mouse cortical cell taxonomy revealed by single cell transcriptomics Nat Neurosci 2016 19 335 346 26727548 PMC4985242 source
Not checked in the free run.
- Findingcitation
Over-expression of Maf at the peak of PV neurogenesis (E14.5) represses PV+ interneuron fates.
“We also observed that over-expression of Maf at the peak of PV neurogenesis (E14.5) (23) repress PV+ interneuron fates (fig. S24, D and E).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [23] Wonders CP Anderson SA The origin and specification of cortical interneurons Nat Rev Neurosci 2006 7 687 696 16883309 source
Not checked in the free run.
- Rests on an assumption: Changes in the relative proportion or density of SST+ and PV+ interneurons after Maf manipulation reflect altered fate specification rather than differences in survival, proliferation, or migration.
- Findingown data
Canonical correlation analysis and t-SNE identified 11 clusters of adult interneurons based on expression of variable genes shared between embryonic and adult datasets.
“which allowed the identification of 11 clusters of adult interneurons based on the expression of variable genes shared between both datasets (Fig. 3B).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Findingown data
Widespread expression of Maf in medial ganglionic eminence progenitors increases the relative proportion of SST+ interneurons at the expense of PV+ cells.
“We found that widespread expression of Maf in MGE progenitors increases the relative proportion of SST+ interneurons at the expense of PV+ cells (Fig. 4F and fig. S24C).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Changes in the relative proportion or density of SST+ and PV+ interneurons after Maf manipulation reflect altered fate specification rather than differences in survival, proliferation, or migration.
- Findingown data
Conditional loss of Maf from medial ganglionic eminence progenitor cells decreases the density of cortical SST+ interneurons.
“Conversely, conditional loss of Maf from MGE progenitor cells decreases the density of cortical SST+ interneurons (Fig. 4, G and H).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Changes in the relative proportion or density of SST+ and PV+ interneurons after Maf manipulation reflect altered fate specification rather than differences in survival, proliferation, or migration.
- Premisecitation
The medial and caudal ganglionic eminences generate different groups of cortical interneurons.
“The MGE and CGE generate different groups of cortical interneurons (17–19).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [17] Sussel L Marín O Kimura S Rubenstein JL Loss of Nkx2.1 homeobox gene function results in a ventral to dorsal molecular respecification within the basal telencephalon: evidence for a transformation of the pallidum into the striatum Development 1999 126 3359 3370 10393115 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [18] Nery S Fishell G Corbin JG The caudal ganglionic eminence is a source of distinct cortical and subcortical cell populations Nat Neurosci 2002 5 1279 1287 12411960 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [19] Wichterle H Garcia-Verdugo JM Herrera DG Alvarez-Buylla A Young neurons from medial ganglionic eminence disperse in adult and embryonic brain Nat Neurosci 1999 2 461 466 10321251 source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data
Diversification of progenitor cells in the ganglionic eminence seems to emerge primarily within the highly neurogenic subventricular zone.
“Thus, based on transcriptomic signatures, the diversification of progenitor cells in the GE seems to emerge primarily within the highly neurogenic SVZ.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Progenitor cells in the ganglionic eminences may undergo rapid turnover during embryonic development.
“which suggests that progenitor cells in the ganglionic eminences (GE) may have a rapid turnover during embryonic development.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Some aspects of neuronal diversity might be linked to differentiation of newborn neurons rather than cell identity.
“which suggests that some aspects of this diversity might be linked to the differentiation of newborn neurons and not cell identity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationcitation
The caudal ganglionic eminence contains a molecularly heterogeneous pool of progenitor cells.
“which reinforces the view that this anatomical region contains a molecularly heterogeneous pool of progenitor cells (15).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [15] Flames N Delineation of multiple subpallial progenitor domains by the combinatorial expression of transcriptional codes J Neurosci 2007 27 9682 9695 17804629 PMC4916652 source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data
Neurons become more transcriptionally heterogeneous over time.
“which suggests that neurons become more transcriptionally heterogeneous over time.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The ganglionic eminence contains highly dynamic pools of progenitor cells during development.
“which reinforces the notion that the GE contains highly dynamic pools of progenitor cells during development.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The medial ganglionic eminence-derived clusters without SST+ features presumably include neurons that will differentiate into PV+ interneurons.
“which presumably include neurons that will differentiate into PV+ interneurons.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationown data
Maf regulates the potential of interneurons to acquire SST+ interneuron identity.
“Altogether, these results indicated that Maf regulates the potential of interneurons to acquire SST+ interneuron identity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Changes in the relative proportion or density of SST+ and PV+ interneurons after Maf manipulation reflect altered fate specification rather than differences in survival, proliferation, or migration.
- Study design and conductown data
Cross-dataset validation between emerging embryonic subtypes and adult interneurons confirmed the robustness of these annotations.
“Cross-dataset validation between the emerging embryonic subtypes and adult interneurons confirmed the robustness of these annotations (fig. S19).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Study design and conductown data
Cross-validation analyses showed robustness of the embryonic neuron assignments.
“and robustness in cross-validation analyses (fig. S21).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Interpretationown data
Interneurons exhibit great diversity of transcriptional signatures shortly after becoming postmitotic in the ganglionic eminence.
“Altogether, these results strongly suggested that interneurons exhibit a great diversity of transcriptional signatures shortly after becoming postmitotic in the GE.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that shortly after the interneurons become postmitotic, their diversity is already patent in their diverse transcriptional programs which subsequently guide further differentiation in the developing cortex.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
- Premisecitation
These 11 adult clusters correspond to anatomically and electrophysiologically defined classes of cortical interneurons, including several PV+ basket, SST+ Martinotti and non-Martinotti, VIP+ basket and bipolar, and neurogliaform cells.
“These groups correspond to anatomically and electrophysiologically defined classes of cortical interneurons, including several types of PV+ basket cells, SST+ Martinotti and non-Martinotti cells, VIP+ basket and bipolar interneurons, and neurogliaform cells (8, 22).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [8] Tasic B Adult mouse cortical cell taxonomy revealed by single cell transcriptomics Nat Neurosci 2016 19 335 346 26727548 PMC4985242 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [22] Tremblay R Lee S Rudy B GABAergic interneurons in the neocortex: From cellular properties to circuits Neuron 2016 91 260 292 27477017 PMC4980915 source
Not checked in the free run.
- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Interpretationown data
GABAergic interneurons have a propensity towards a defined fate long before they occupy their final position in the cerebral cortex during early postnatal development.
“Our study reveals that GABAergic interneurons have a propensity towards a defined fate long before they occupy their final position in the cerebral cortex during early postnatal development.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 2
- May combine two claims. 10
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Findingown dataAfter quality control, the final single-cell dataset contained 2,003 cells and averaged about 3,200 genes per cell.
“which following quality control (fig. S1, A to E) led to a final dataset of 2,003 cells (fig. S1F), covering on average about 3,200 genes per cell.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
FindingcitationThe molecular diversity of ventricular zone cells was more limited than anticipated, while subventricular zone progenitors showed diversity.
“Although the molecular diversity of VZ cells was more limited than anticipated (15, 16), this analysis revealed diversity among SVZ progenitors (Fig. 2B and figs. S11 to S14).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [15] Flames N Delineation of multiple subpallial progenitor domains by the combinatorial expression of transcriptional codes J Neurosci 2007 27 9682 9695 17804629 PMC4916652 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [16] Silberberg SN Subpallial Enhancer Transgenic Lines: a Data and Tool Resource to Study Transcriptional Regulation of GABAergic Cell Fate Neuron 2016 92 59 74 27710791 PMC5063253 source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataRadial glial cells and intermediate progenitors have distinct identities across subpallium regions, with characteristic and often complementary transcription factor expression.
“Analysis of progenitor cell clusters confirmed that radial glial cells and intermediate progenitors have distinct identities across different regions of the subpallium, with characteristic and often complementary expression of transcription factors (e.g., Nkx2-1 and Pax6 in VZ, Lhx6 and Foxp2 in SVZ) (Fig. 2B and figs. S11 and S12).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataVentricular zone and subventricular zone progenitor clusters were distinguished at both E12.5 and E14.5 independently of cell cycle state, and they had unique gene expression patterns.
“We then carried out semi-supervised clustering and distinguished VZ and SVZ progenitor clusters at both developmental stages (Fig. 2A and fig. S7B), independent of their cell cycle state (fig. S8), and found unique patterns of gene expression (figs. S9).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Regressing out cell cycle-dependent genes removes their influence without distorting cell type identification.
May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataMetaNeighbor cross-validation confirmed the robustness and identity of progenitor clusters.
“Cross-validation using MetaNeighbor (14) confirmed cluster robustness and identity (fig. S10A).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [14] Paul A Transcriptional architecture of synaptic communication delineates GABAergic neuron identity Cell 2017 171 522 539 e520 28942923 PMC5772785 source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationMost parvalbumin-expressing and somatostatin-expressing interneurons are born in the medial ganglionic eminence, whereas the caudal ganglionic eminence is the origin of vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons and neurogliaform cells.
“Most parvalbumin (PV)-expressing and somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons are born in the MGE, whereas the CGE is the origin of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons and neurogliaform (NDNF+) cells (20).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [20] Gelman DM Marín O Generation of interneuron diversity in the mouse cerebral cortex Eur J Neurosci 2010 31 2136 2141 20529125 source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningInterneuron diversity does not emerge in response to activity-dependent mechanisms in the cortex, but is established early before cells reach the cortex by specific transcriptional programs that unfold over weeks.
“This suggests that interneuron diversity does not emerge in response to activity-dependent mechanisms in the cortex (1, 9), but rather is established early, before these cells reach the cortex, by specific transcriptional programs that then unfold over the course of several weeks.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [1] Kepecs A Fishell G Interneuron cell types are fit to function Nature 2014 505 318 326 24429630 PMC4349583 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [9] Wamsley B Fishell G Genetic and activity-dependent mechanisms underlying interneuron diversity Nat Rev Neurosci 2017 18 299 309 28381833 source
Not checked in the free run.
- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationActivity-dependent mechanisms influence development, maturation and plasticity of cortical interneurons, but most aspects directly linked to functional diversity seem intrinsically determined.
“Activity-dependent mechanisms undoubtedly influence development, maturation and plasticity of cortical interneurons (24–26), but most aspects that are directly linked to the functional diversity of cortical interneurons seem to be intrinsically determined (14, 27).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked- cites [24] Bortone D Polleux F KCC2 expression promotes the termination of cortical interneuron migration in a voltage-sensitive calcium-dependent manner Neuron 2009 62 53 71 19376067 PMC3314167 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [25] De Marco Garcia NV Karayannis T Fishell G Neuronal activity is required for the development of specific cortical interneuron subtypes Nature 2011 472 351 355 21460837 PMC3641515 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [26] Dehorter N Tuning of fast-spiking interneuron properties by an activity-dependent transcriptional switch Science 2015 349 1216 1220 26359400 PMC4702376 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [14] Paul A Transcriptional architecture of synaptic communication delineates GABAergic neuron identity Cell 2017 171 522 539 e520 28942923 PMC5772785 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [27] Bartolini G Ciceri G Marín O Integration of GABAergic interneurons into cortical cell assemblies: lessons from embryos and adults Neuron 2013 79 849 864 24012001 source
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationThe adult mouse cerebral cortex contains over 20 distinct classes of interneurons with unique transcriptional profiles.
“The adult mouse cerebral cortex contains over 20 distinct classes of interneurons with unique transcriptional profiles (7, 8).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [7] Zeisel A Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq Science 2015 347 1138 1142 25700174 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [8] Tasic B Adult mouse cortical cell taxonomy revealed by single cell transcriptomics Nat Neurosci 2016 19 335 346 26727548 PMC4985242 source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataThere is a difference in transcriptomic and cell-type diversity between embryo and adult.
“which suggests a difference in transcriptomic and cell-type diversity between embryo and adult.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningCore aspects of interneuron identity are drafted early in development, forming the foundation on which later interactions with other neurons must function.
“Thus, core aspects of interneuron identity are drafted early in development, forming the foundation on which later interactions with other neurons must function.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
The paper relies on this without support.
Transcriptional similarity between embryonic and adult neurons is sufficient to assign embryonic neurons to adult interneuron cell types.
“We then assigned prospective identities to embryonic neurons based on transcriptional similarity with adult interneurons.”
“We then used the identified adult interneuron cell types to annotate the embryonic dataset using the RF classification workflow”
The paper relies on this without support.
Changes in the relative proportion or density of SST+ and PV+ interneurons after Maf manipulation reflect altered fate specification rather than differences in survival, proliferation, or migration.
“We found that widespread expression of Maf in MGE progenitors increases the relative proportion of SST+ interneurons at the expense of PV+ cells (Fig. 4F and fig. S24C).”
“Conversely, conditional loss of Maf from MGE progenitor cells decreases the density of cortical SST+ interneurons (Fig. 4, G and H).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Regressing out cell cycle-dependent genes removes their influence without distorting cell type identification.
“We performed regression analysis on these cells to remove the influence of cell cycle-dependent genes in cell type identification (fig. S1G).”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
GABAergic interneurons born in the ganglionic eminences migrate tangentially to the proper place within prefrontal subdomains.
“Born in the ganglionic eminences, GABAergic interneurons migrate tangentially to the proper place within the prefrontal subdomains [66, 67].”
From Development of prefrontal cortex (2022) · cites this paper as [67]
The Abstract (page unavailable) identifies the ganglionic eminences as the origin of cortical GABAergic interneurons and says these cells reach a final position in the cerebral cortex. It does not establish tangential migration or specify destinations within prefrontal subdomains. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cardinal identity of a cell is probably already instilled at the postmitotic stage during development, and its subsequent phenotypic differentiation and expression are regulated by extrinsic signals such as cell interactions and neural activity.
“The cardinal identity of a cell is probably already instilled at the postmitotic stage during development9,61,62,63,64, and its subsequent phenotypic differentiation and expression are regulated by extrinsic signals such as cell interactions and neural activity.”
From The diversity of GABAergic neurons and neural communication elements (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Overlap of eight subtypes exceeds the six found by one method
MajorThe RF approach identified six prospective embryonic subtypes. An overlap between the RF and CCA approaches cannot contain eight subtypes if the RF approach identified only six.
“found 6 prospective interneuron subtypes among embryonic neurons (Fig. 3A and fig. S18).”
“Comparison between the two independent approaches identified 8 conserved interneuron subtypes among the assigned embryonic neurons (Fig. 3E).”
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- Authors
- Mi, D., Li, Z., Lim, L., Li, M., Moissidis, M., Yang, Y., Gao, T., Hu, T. X., Pratt, T., Price, D. J., Sestan, N., & Marín, O.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Yale University (US)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Harvard University (US)
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Corresponding author
- Mi, Da
- Li, Zhen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2018-04-06
- Volume
- 360
- Issue
- 6384
- Pages
- 81-85
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC6195193
- OpenAlex
- W2789083734
- Semantic Scholar
- dba84bf1ab5eadff9d26cfdd75f339741258d230
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 13.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (103714MA)
- Medical Research Council (N012291)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (N006542)
- National Institute for Health (NS095654, MH106934)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Keywords
- cortical interneurons, GABAergic neurons, interneuron diversity, ganglionic eminence, neural progenitor cells, cortical development, transcriptional programs, single-cell transcriptomics, mouse embryo, postmitotic neurons, neuronal differentiation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Embryo, Mammalian, Female, Interneurons, Male, Mice, Inbred Strains, Mitosis, Transcription, Genetic, Gene Expression Profiling, Mice, Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells, Single-Cell Analysis, GABAergic Neurons, Transcriptome
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