Approaches and advances in the genetic causes of autoimmune disease and their implications
Open accessAbstract
Genome-wide association studies are transformative in revealing the polygenetic basis of common diseases, with autoimmune diseases leading the charge. Although the field is just over 10 years old, advances in understanding the underlying mechanistic pathways of these conditions, which result from a dense multifactorial blend of genetic, developmental and environmental factors, have already been informative, including insights into therapeutic possibilities. Nevertheless, the challenge of identifying the actual causal genes and pathways and their biological effects on altering disease risk remains for many identified susceptibility regions. It is this fundamental knowledge that will underpin the revolution in patient stratification, the discovery of therapeutic targets and clinical trial design in the next 20 years. Here we outline recent advances in analytical and phenotyping approaches and the emergence of large cohorts with standardized gene-expression data and other phenotypic data that are fueling a bounty of discovery and improved understanding of human physiology.
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True pathogenic antigens causing the breakdown have not been identified for many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and other tissue-specific disorders.
“However, true pathogenic antigens causing the breakdown have not been identified for many autoimmune diseases, including RA and other tissue-specific disorders (229–231).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [229]
The Pleiotropy section discusses genetic variants associated with rheumatoid arthritis, while Unchartered regions discusses unidentified candidate genes in type 1 diabetes. Neither addresses whether pathogenic antigens responsible for a breakdown of tolerance have been identified in rheumatoid arthritis or other tissue-specific disorders (searched: pathogenic antigens, autoantigens, breakdown of tolerance). (LLM, conf=0.74)
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“However, true pathogenic antigens causing the breakdown have not been identified for many autoimmune diseases, including RA and other tissue-specific disorders (229–231).”
BackgroundThe science and medicine of human immunology
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- Authors
- Inshaw, J. R. J., Cutler, A. J., Burren, O. S., Stefana, M. I., & Todd, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Human Genetics (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Todd, John A.
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2018-06-20
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 674-684
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- OpenAlex
- W2808397465
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (107881/Z/15/Z)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0513-10143)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Keywords
- autoimmune disease, genetic susceptibility, polygenic risk, genome-wide association study, causal genes, disease mechanisms, gene expression data, patient stratification, therapeutic target, clinical trial design, environmental factors
- MeSH terms
- Autoimmune Diseases, Chromosome Mapping, Humans, Infections, Random Allocation, Genetic Variation, Sample Size, Genome-Wide Association Study, Microbiota
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