Dietary cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Whether low-fat, high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets or moderately high-fat, high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diets are preferable for the treatment and prevention of diabetes has been a matter of debate. High-fat diets based on MUFA-rich oils or whole foods have been compared with high-CHO diets for effects on several cardiovascular risk outcomes in diabetic subjects. Early studies using metabolic diets with wide differences in total fat content (15-25% of energy) generally found a beneficial effect of MUFA diets on glycemic control and serum lipids. Recent studies using prescribed diets with a difference of </= 15% of energy in total fat between low-fat and high-MUFA diets show similar effects on glycemic profiles but still favor MUFA diets for effects on triacylglycerols and HDL cholesterol. It is unclear whether postprandial fat clearance is impaired by CHO diets and improved by MUFA diets, independent of effects on fasting triacylglycerol concentrations. Unless one diet contains abundant antioxidants, the 2 dietary approaches appear to have similar effects on LDL oxidation. Low-fat diets, however, are associated with atherogenic, dense LDL particles, while normal, buoyant LDL predominate with high-fat diets irrespective of fatty acid composition. Limited experimental evidence suggests that MUFA diets favorably influence blood pressure, coagulation, endothelial activation, inflammation, and thermogenic capacity. Energy-controlled high-MUFA diets do not promote weight gain and are more acceptable than low-fat diets for weight loss in obese subjects. Thus, there is good scientific support for MUFA diets as an alternative to low-fat diets for medical nutrition therapy in diabetes.
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The type of fats consumed is more important than total amount of fat when looking at metabolic goals and CVD risk.
“The type of fats consumed is more important than total amount of fat when looking at metabolic goals and CVD risk, and it is recommended that the percentage of total calories from saturated fats should be limited (120,172,(200)(201)(202).”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:<i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023</i> (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
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- Authors
- Ros, E.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Ros, Emilio
- ORCID
- Ros, Emilio
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 617S-625S
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1961603845
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary fat, low-fat high-carbohydrate diet, high-fat diet, glycemic control, serum lipids, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL oxidation, LDL particle size, antioxidants, blood pressure, endothelial activation, inflammation, thermogenesis, weight loss, obesity, medical nutrition therapy
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Diabetic, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, Humans, Meat, Nuts, Plant Oils
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