Cited by 2,791Gut microbiota and healthProbiotics and Fermented FoodsInflammatory Bowel Disease

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The gut flora as a forgotten organ

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O'Hara, Ann M, Shanahan, Fergus·2006·The EMBO Reports

DOI 10.1038/sj.embor.7400731PMC PMC1500832

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Abstract

The intestinal microflora is a positive health asset that crucially influences the normal structural and functional development of the mucosal immune system. Mucosal immune responses to resident intestinal microflora require precise control and an immunosensory capacity for distinguishing commensal from pathogenic bacteria. In genetically susceptible individuals, some components of the flora can become a liability and contribute to the pathogenesis of various intestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases. It follows that manipulation of the flora to enhance the beneficial components represents a promising therapeutic strategy. The flora has a collective metabolic activity equal to a virtual organ within an organ, and the mechanisms underlying the conditioning influence of the bacteria on mucosal homeostasis and immune responses are beginning to be unravelled. An improved understanding of this hidden organ will reveal secrets that are relevant to human health and to several infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic disease processes.

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Authors: O'Hara, A. M., & Shanahan, F.
Affiliations: National University of Ireland (IE)
Corresponding author: Shanahan, Fergus
ORCID: Shanahan, Fergus
Venue: The EMBO Reports
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-07-01
Volume: 7
Issue: 7
Pages: 688-693
ISSN: 1469-221X (ISSN-L)
1469-3178
DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400731
PMC: PMC1500832
OpenAlex: W2117727476
Cited by: 2,791
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 67 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 186 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 230 · 2021: 217 · 2020: 243 · 2019: 198 · 2018: 179 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 168 · 2015: 147 · 2014: 123 · 2013: 134 · 2012: 121
FWCI: 3.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: EMBO Reports (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Science Foundation Ireland
Alimentary Health
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Keywords: gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, inflammatory bowel disease, mucosal homeostasis, bacterial metabolic activity, microbiome manipulation, intestinal disorders, pathogenesis
MeSH terms: Animals, Bacteria, Digestive System, Digestive System Diseases, Germ-Free Life, Homeostasis, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Models, Biological, Immunity, Mucosal

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