Cited by 163Gut microbiota and healthTryptophan and brain disordersNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Gut microbiota: a potential regulator of neurodevelopment

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Tognini, Paola·2017·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Abstract

During childhood, our brain is exposed to a variety of environmental inputs that can sculpt synaptic connections and neuronal circuits, with subsequent influence on behavior and learning processes. Critical periods of neurodevelopment are windows of opportunity in which the neuronal circuits are extremely plastic and can be easily subjected to remodeling in response to experience. However, the brain is also more susceptible to aberrant stimuli that might lead to altered developmental trajectories. Intriguingly, postnatal brain development is paralleled by the maturation of the gut microbiota: the ecosystem of symbionts populating our gastro-intestinal tract. Recent discoveries have started to unveil an unexpected link between the gut microbiome and neurophysiological processes. Indeed, the commensal bacteria seem to be able to influence host behavioral outcome and neurochemistry through mechanisms which remain poorly understood. Remarkably, the efficacy of the gut flora action appears to be dependent on the timing during postnatal life at which the host gut microbes' signals reaches the brain, suggesting the fascinating possibility of critical periods for this microbiota-driven shaping of host neuronal functions and behavior. Therefore, to understand the importance of the intestinal ecosystem's impact on neuronal circuits functions and plasticity during development and the discovery of the involved molecular mechanisms, will pave the way to identify new and, hopefully, powerful microbiota-based therapeutic interventions for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases.

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Authors
Tognini, P.
Affiliations
University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author
Tognini, Paola
Venue
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Published
2017-02-07
Volume
11
Pages
25-25
ISSN
1662-5102 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2586943951
Cited by
163
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8
FWCI
1.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
Human Frontier Science Program (LT-000576/2013)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
gut microbiota, brain development, microbiota-gut-brain axis, postnatal brain development, critical period, neuroplasticity, neural circuits, commensal bacteria, neurochemistry, behavior, neurodevelopmental disorders, mental illness, microbiota-based therapy

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