Gut microbiota: a potential regulator of neurodevelopment
Open accessAbstract
During childhood, our brain is exposed to a variety of environmental inputs that can sculpt synaptic connections and neuronal circuits, with subsequent influence on behavior and learning processes. Critical periods of neurodevelopment are windows of opportunity in which the neuronal circuits are extremely plastic and can be easily subjected to remodeling in response to experience. However, the brain is also more susceptible to aberrant stimuli that might lead to altered developmental trajectories. Intriguingly, postnatal brain development is paralleled by the maturation of the gut microbiota: the ecosystem of symbionts populating our gastro-intestinal tract. Recent discoveries have started to unveil an unexpected link between the gut microbiome and neurophysiological processes. Indeed, the commensal bacteria seem to be able to influence host behavioral outcome and neurochemistry through mechanisms which remain poorly understood. Remarkably, the efficacy of the gut flora action appears to be dependent on the timing during postnatal life at which the host gut microbes' signals reaches the brain, suggesting the fascinating possibility of critical periods for this microbiota-driven shaping of host neuronal functions and behavior. Therefore, to understand the importance of the intestinal ecosystem's impact on neuronal circuits functions and plasticity during development and the discovery of the involved molecular mechanisms, will pave the way to identify new and, hopefully, powerful microbiota-based therapeutic interventions for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases.
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Animal studies have shown that intestinally derived lipopolysaccharides can increase anxiety-like behavior in mice.
“Second, animal studies have shown effects of the gut microbiota on neurodevelopment, suggesting that intestinally derived lipopolysaccharides can increase anxiety-like behavior in mice (69–71).”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [71]
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Xu, M., Xu, X., Li, J., & Li, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00473 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Li, J.-M., Yu, R., Zhang, L.-P., Wen, S.-Y., Wang, S.-J., Zhang, X.-Y., Xu, Q., & Kong, L.-D. (2019) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0713-7 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
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Gut microbiota composition during infancy and subsequent behavioural outcomes
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Gut microbiota–driven brain Aβ amyloidosis in mice requires microglia
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Of microbes and minds: A narrative review on the second brain aging
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- Authors
- Tognini, P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tognini, Paola
- ORCID
- Tognini, Paola
- Venue
- Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-02-07
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 25-25
- ISSN
- 1662-5102 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5293830
- OpenAlex
- W2586943951
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Human Frontier Science Program (LT-000576/2013)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, brain development, microbiota-gut-brain axis, postnatal brain development, critical period, neuroplasticity, neural circuits, commensal bacteria, neurochemistry, behavior, neurodevelopmental disorders, mental illness, microbiota-based therapy
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