Dopamine and serotonin transporter genotypes moderate sensitivity to maternal expressed emotion: the case of conduct and emotional problems in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Background: Mothers’ positive emotions expressed about their children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with a reduced likelihood of comorbid conduct problems (CP). We examined whether this association with CP, and one with emotional problems (EMO), is moderated by variants within three genes, previously reported to be associated with ADHD and to moderate the impact of environmental risks on conduct and/or emotional problems; the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3/DAT1), the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4/5HTT). Methods: Seven hundred and twenty‐eight males between the ages of 5 and 17 with a DSM‐IV research diagnosis of combined type ADHD were included in these analyses. Parents and teachers rated children’s conduct and emotional problems. Positive maternal expressed emotion (PMEE) was coded by independent observers on comments made during a clinical assessment with the mother based on current or recent medication‐free periods. Results: Sensitivity to the effects of PMEE on CP was moderated by variants of the DAT1 and 5HTT genes. Only children who did not carry the DAT1 10R/10R or the 5HTT l/l genotypes showed altered levels of CP when exposed to PMEE. The effect was most marked where the child with ADHD had both these genotypes. For EMO, sensitivity to PMEE was found only with those who carried the DAT1 9R/9R. There was no effect of DRD4 on CP or EMO. Conclusion: The gene–environment interactions observed suggested that genetic make‐up can alter the degree of sensitivity an ADHD patients has to their family environment. Further research should focus on distinguishing general sensitivity genotypes from those conferring risk or protective qualities.
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SLC6A4 genotypes may moderate environmental effects on conduct disorders in children and teenagers with ADHD.
“Previous research also suggests that SLC6A4 genotypes may moderate the environmental e ff ects on conduct disorders in children and teenagers with ADHD”
From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Sonuga-Barke et al., 2009
The Conduct problems section reports that serotonin-transporter (5HTT/SLC6A4) genotype significantly moderated the association between positive maternal expressed emotion and conduct-problem scores. However, the study measured conduct problems rather than effects on diagnosed conduct disorder, and its sample was limited to boys with ADHD aged 5–17 (Participants; Measures). (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOnly a small handful of molecular genetic studies implicate DA candidate genes, including DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4, in the development of conduct problems.
“only a small handful of molecular genetic studies implicate DA candidate genes, including DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4, in the development of conduct problems [656-659]”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [659]
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Parenting Interacts With Plasticity Genes in Predicting Behavioral Outcomes in Preschoolers
Letourneau, N. L., de Koning, A. P. J., Sekhon, B., Ntanda, H. N., Kobor, M., Deane, A. J., Morin, A. M., Dewey, D., Campbell, T. S., Giesbrecht, G. F., et al. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0844562119863612 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sonuga‐Barke, E. J. S., Oades, R. D., Psychogiou, L., Chen, W., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J., Banaschewski, T., Ebstein, R. P., Gil, M., Anney, R., Miranda, A., Roeyers, H., Rothenberger, A., Sergeant, J., Steinhausen, H. C., Thompson, M., Asherson, P., & Faraone, S. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- University of Mannheim (DE)
- Herzog Hospital (IL)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Basel (CH)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-08-24
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1052-1063
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2136189691
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- DuEPublico (University of Duisburg-Essen) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH 62873, R01MH062873)
- UCB Pharma
- Cilag
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct problems, emotional problems, gene-environment interaction, dopamine transporter gene, dopamine transporter, serotonin transporter gene, serotonin transporter, dopamine D4 receptor gene, DRD4, genetic polymorphism, comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Expressed Emotion, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Receptors, Dopamine D4
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