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Increased Occupancy of Dopamine Receptors in Human Striatum during Cue-Elicited Cocaine Craving
Abstract
In all, 19 research subjects, with current histories of frequent cocaine use, were exposed to cocaine-related cues to elicit drug craving. We measured the change of occupancy of dopamine at D2-like receptors with positron emission tomography (PET) and inferred a change of intrasynaptic dopamine (endogenous dopamine release), based on the displacement of radiotracer [(11)C]raclopride. Receptor occupancy by dopamine increased significantly in putamen of participants who reported cue-elicited craving compared to those who did not. Further, the intensity of craving was positively correlated with the increase in dopamine receptor occupancy in the putamen. These results provide direct evidence that occupancy of dopamine receptors in human dorsal striatum increased in proportion to subjective craving, presumably because of increased release of intrasynaptic dopamine.
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“This hypothesis is consistent with independent observations (Volkow et al 2006b;Wong et al 2006) that show the power of cocaine-associated cue exposure to raise DA levels in the dorsal striatum and trigger a concomitant increase in the subjective experience of craving in detoxified cocaine abusers (Fig. 5).”
From Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction (2011) · cites this paper as Wong et al 2006
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Wong, D. F., Kuwabara, H., Schretlen, D. J., Bonson, K. R., Zhou, Y., Nandi, A., Brašić, J. R., Kimes, A. S., Maris, M. A., Kumar, A., Contoreggi, C., Links, J., Ernst, M., Rousset, O., Zukin, S., Grace, A. A., Rohde, C., Jasinski, D. R., Gjedde, A., & London, E. D.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wong, Dean F
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2006-09-13
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2716-2727
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- OpenAlex
- W2130978769
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 7.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2006-12-14)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Statens Naturvidenskabelige Forskningsrad
- National Institutes of Health (5r01da011080-05)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA012839, AA12839)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24 DA00412, DA 11080, K24DA000412)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-38927, R01NS038927)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- cocaine craving, D2-like receptors, receptor occupancy, putamen, dorsal striatum, endogenous dopamine, cue reactivity, relapse
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Binding, Competitive, Brain Mapping, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cocaine, Corpus Striatum, Cues, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Predictive Value of Tests, Receptors, Dopamine, Up-Regulation, Presynaptic Terminals, Dopamine Antagonists, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Raclopride, Positron-Emission Tomography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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