Fifty years of skin aging
Open accessAbstract
In developed countries, interest in cutaneous aging is in large part the result of a progressive, dramatic rise over the past century in the absolute number and the proportion of the population who are elderly (Smith et al, 2001). The psychosocial as well as physiologic effects of skin aging on older individuals have created a demand for better understanding of the process and particularly for effective interventions. Skin aging is a complex process determined by the genetic endowment of the individual as well as by environmental factors. The appearance of old skin and the clinical consequences of skin aging have been well known for centuries, but only in the past 50 y have mechanisms and mediators been systematically pursued. Still, within this relatively short time there has been tremendous progress, a progress greatly enhanced by basic gerontologic research employing immunologic, biochemical, and particularly molecular biologic approaches (Figs 1, 2).
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Extrinsically aged skin is characterised by deep wrinkles, rough texture, telengiectasia and irregular pigmentation.
“Extrinsically aged skin is characterised by deep wrinkles, rough texture, telengiectasia and irregular pigmentation [4].”
From Oxidative Stress and Ageing: The Influence of Environmental Pollution, Sunlight and Diet on Skin (2017) · cites this paper as [4]
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Looking Older: Fibroblast Collapse and Therapeutic Implications
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“Clinical symptoms of extrinsic skin aging include coarse wrinkles, irregular pigment spots, and elastosis (Yaar et al., 2003).”
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“In addition, the adverse psychosocial and physiologic effects of photoaging fuel the demand for effective interventions among the progressively increasing absolute number and proportion of the population who are elderly.(6) Nevertheless, society still maintains that tanned skin is cosmetically attractive, a message th…”
BackgroundSkin Photoaging and the Role of Antioxidants in Its Prevention
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“293 Skin aging is accompanied by phenotypic changes in cutaneous cells along with structural and functional alterations in extracellular matrix components such collagen, elastin and proteoglycans, which are required to afford tensile strength, elasticity, and moisture to the skin.”
BackgroundOverview of skin aging and photoaging.
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Defining skin aging and its risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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“In healthy skin, exposure to urban PM has been associated with accelerated extrinsic aging [40–42], its clinical symptoms being pigment spot formation, coarse wrinkle development, and elastosis [43].”
BackgroundInfluence of environmental factors on facial ageing
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BackgroundVisible skin condition and perception of human facial appearance
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BackgroundMolecular mechanisms of green tea polyphenols with protective effects against skin photoaging
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“…are responsible for the development of photoagingrelated skin problems such as pigmentation, wrinkling, and skin dryness, the most important factor is the excessive damage inflicted by UV irradiation (de Gruijl and Van der Leun, 1994; Gilchrest, 1990; Ichihashi et al., 2003; Yaar et al., 2002).”
BackgroundAnimal models of skin disease for drug discovery
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“Although both photoaging and chronological aging are associated with wrinkles, photoaging-induced wrinkles are regarded as deeper and more coarse, whereas those associated with chronological aging are generally more superficial and delicate [156].”
BackgroundHuman Skin Aging Is Associated with Reduced Expression of the Stem Cell Markers β1 Integrin and MCSP
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Overcome the barriers of the skin: exosome therapy
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“One of the factors damaging the skin is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which hastens the aging process of the skin [63].”
BackgroundThe role of estrogen deficiency in skin ageing and wound healing
Emmerson, E., & Hardman, M. J. (2012) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-011-9322-y · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Molecular basis of retinol anti‐ageing properties in naturally aged human skin <i>in vivo</i>
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“Histological and ultrastructural studies have revealed skin undergoes remarkable morphologic changes with ageing, which are primarily characterized by thinner epidermis and dermis with reduced numbers of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal stromal cells, respectively [7, 8].”
BackgroundOxidative Stress and Human Skin Connective Tissue Aging
Tu, Y., & Quan, T. (2016) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics3030028 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The role of telomeres in the ageing of human skin: Telomeres and skin ageing
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Molecular Mechanisms andIn VivoMouse Models of Skin Aging Associated with Dermal Matrix Alterations
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“Growth reduction and cell cycle arrest at the G 0 /G 1 phase can be ascribed to the repression of several regulatory genes that are important for cell cycle progression and cell proliferation (Yaar et al, 2002).”
BackgroundPremature cell senescence in human skin: Dual face in chronic acquired pigmentary disorders
Bellei, B., & Picardo, M. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100981 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
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Induction of Collagen by Estradiol
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“S KIN AGING IS ASSOCIATED WITH reduced skin function, increased skin fragility, and compromised wound healing.(1) On areas of the body that are often not covered by clothing (ie, face, nape of the neck, hands, and forearms), long-term UV exposure from the sun damages the skin, causing it to look prematurely old.”
BackgroundEfficacy and safety of a novel, soluble microneedle patch for the improvement of facial wrinkle
Hong, J. Y., Ko, E. J., Choi, S. Y., Li, K., Kim, A. R., Park, J. O., & Kim, B. J. (2017) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.12426 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“The subjects who met the selection criteria without exclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) soluble microneedle patch alone, (2) soluble microneedle patch plus wrinkle cream, and (3) wrinkle cream alone—herein, these 3 groups are referred to as groups 1, 2, an…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialAntioxidant and Anti Aging Assays of Oryza sativa Extracts, Vanillin and Coumaric Acid
Widowati, W., Fauziah, N., Herdiman, H., Afni, M., Afifah, E., Kusuma, H., Nufus, H., Arumwardana, S., & Rihibiha, D. D. (2016) · Journal of Natural Remedies · doi:10.18311/jnr/2016/7220 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“Juice acts as purgative and the root is having diuretic, laxative actions and applied in the disease of the eyes and gums [4].”
BackgroundZhang, C., Gao, X., Li, M., Yu, X., Huang, F., Wang, Y., Yan, Y., Zhang, H., Shi, Y., & He, X. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101917 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
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“Based on its causes, cutaneous aging is classified into two types: natural aging and photoaging [3, 4].”
BackgroundOxidative Stress and Ageing: The Influence of Environmental Pollution, Sunlight and Diet on Skin
Naidoo, K., & Birch-Machin, M. (2017) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics4010004 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Effect of Smoking on Aging of Photoprotected Skin
Helfrich, Y. R., Yu, L., Ofori, A., Hamilton, T. A., Lambert, J., King, A. L., Voorhees, J. J., & Kang, S. (2007) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.143.3.397 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Collagen glycation triggers the formation of aged skin in vitro.
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Molecular Basis for the Regenerative Properties of a Secretion of the Mollusk Cryptomphalus aspersa
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Bases biomoleculares do fotoenvelhecimento
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What is the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in skin photoaging?
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The Thermal Effects of Therapeutic Lasers with 810 and 904 nm Wavelengths on Human Skin
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“Photoaging results in skin thickening, coarsening, dehydration, deep wrinkles, telangiectasias, irregular pigmentation, and solar lentigo [8,9].”
BackgroundGetting under the skin of hair aging: the impact of the hair follicle environment
Williams, R., Pawlus, A. D., & Thornton, M. J. (2020) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.14109 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
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Poly herbal formulation with anti-elastase and anti-oxidant properties for skin anti-aging
Sundaram, I. K., Sarangi, D. D., Sundararajan, V., George, S., & Mohideen, S. S. (2018) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2097-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Influence of aging on the quality of the skin of white women: the role of collagen
Baroni, E. D. R. V., Biondo-Simões, M. D. L. P., Auersvald, A., Auersvald, L. A., Netto, M. R. M., Ortolan, M. C. A. B., & Kohler, J. N. (2012) · Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/s0102-86502012001000012 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A Novel Approach to Structural Facial Volume Replacement
Sadick, N. S., Manhas‐Bhutani, S., & Krueger, N. (2013) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-012-0052-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Further signs of aging are dyschromic manifestations such as senile lentigines, patchy hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, and erythema, as well as rough skin and enlarged pores [39, 73].”
Medlin, J. L., Hansen, K. E., Fitz, S. R., & Bartels, C. M. (2016) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.01.004 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Targeting organ-specific mitochondrial dysfunction to improve biological aging
Madreiter‐Sokolowski, C. T., Hiden, U., Krstić, J., Panzitt, K., Wagner, M., Enzinger, C., Khalil, M., Abdellatif, M., Malle, E., Madl, T., et al. (2024) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108710 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Longo, C., Casari, A., Pace, B. D., Simonazzi, S., Mazzaglia, G., & Pellacani, G. (2012) · Skin Research and Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00623.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“(3) Collagen alteration score (ranging from 0 to 12) was calculated summing the score of pattern type multiplied by its coefficient.”
BackgroundMethodAnti-oxidative effects of 17 β-estradiol and genistein in human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes
Savoia, P., Raina, G., Camillo, L., Farruggio, S., Mary, D., Veronese, F., Graziola, F., Zavattaro, E., Tiberio, R., & Grossini, E. (2018) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.07.007 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
In vivo skin biophysical behaviour and surface topography as a function of ageing
Pailler-Mattei, C., Debret, R., Vargiolu, R., Sommer, P., & Zahouani, H. (2013) · Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.04.008 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Influence of skin ageing features on Chinese women's perception of facial age and attractiveness
Porcheron, A., Latreille, J., Jdid, R., Tschachler, E., & Morizot, F. (2014) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12128 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Dark spots (also known as solar lentigines) are due to unevenly distributed melanocytes in the basal layer, displaying areas of increased number of melanocytes and areas with reduced melanocytes, and are caused by cumulative photodamage [17].”
BackgroundInfluentialThe presence of Nε-(Carboxymethyl) lysine in the human epidermis
Kawabata, K., Yoshikawa, H., Saruwatari, K., Akazawa, Y., Inoue, T., Kuze, T., Sayo, T., Uchida, N., & Sugiyama, Y. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.06.006 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Spatial-temporal modulation of CCN proteins during wound healing in human skin in vivo
Rittié, L., Perbal, B., Castellot, J. J., Orringer, J. S., Voorhees, J. J., & Fisher, G. J. (2011) · Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1007/s12079-010-0114-y · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Importantly, aging is associated with reduced basal keratinocyte proliferation, which results in overall thinning of the epidermis (Yaar et al. 2002).”
BackgroundSorg, O., & Saurat, J. ‐. (2014) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000360527 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Kanaki, T., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2016) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9392-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ethnic Differences in Skin Aging
Tschachler, E., & Morizot, F. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-32953-6_3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Biotribology of the ageing skin—Why we should care
Limbert, G., Masen, M. A., Pond, D., Graham, H. K., Sherratt, M. J., Jobanputra, R. D., & McBride, A. T. (2019) · Biotribology · doi:10.1016/j.biotri.2019.03.001 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“ageing slows the turnover of keratinocytes and is also accompanied by a reduction in stratum corneumwater content [84] because of alteration in lipid content of the epidermal barrier [85].”
Degradation of oxidized and glycoxidized collagen: Role of collagen cross-linking
Nowotny, K., & Grune, T. (2013) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2013.12.007 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Chronic actinic damage of facial skin
Bilaç, C., Şahin, M. T., & Öztürkcan, S. (2014) · Clinics in Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.02.014 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Clinical signs of photoaging include dryness, sallowness, fine and severe wrinkling with deep furrows, irregular, dark/light pigmentation, laxity, elastosis (a coarse, yellow, cobblestoned effect of the skin), pebbling, leathery appearence, telengiectases, premalignant (actinic keratoses) and malignant (SCC, BCC, mali…”
BackgroundAnti-wrinkle effects of fermented and non-fermented Cyclopia intermedia in hairless mice
Im, A., Song, J. H., Lee, M. Y., Yeon, S. H., Um, K. A., & Chae, S. (2014) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-424 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Skin aging is a multifaceted biological process that is characterized by the appearance of wrinkles, pigmentation irregularities, and loss of firmness, and to which UV light and free radicals make substantial contributions [24].”
BackgroundBases for Treating Skin Aging With Artificial Mitochondrial Transfer/Transplant (AMT/T)
Balcázar, M., Cañizares, S., Borja, T., Pontón, P., Bisiou, S., Carabasse, E., Bacilieri, A., Canavese, C., Diaz, R. F., Cabrera, F., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00919 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ko, H. J., Kim, J. H., Lee, G. S., & Shin, T. (2020) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153276 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Translational Basis of Human Cutaneous Photoaging
Laga, A. C., & Murphy, G. F. (2009) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.081029 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“For example, although both photoaging and chronological aging are associated with wrinkles, photoaging-induced wrinkles are regarded by some to be deeper and more coarse, whereas those associated with chronological aging are generally more superficial and delicate.(3) Interestingly, in at least one seminal study of th…”
BackgroundMinimally invasive facial rejuvenation: current concepts and future expectations
El-Domyati, M. M., & Medhat, W. (2013) · Expert Review of Dermatology · doi:10.1586/17469872.2013.836845 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Tazarotene: Therapeutic Strategies in the Treatment of Psoriasis, Acne and Photoaging
Roeder, A., Schaller, M., Schäfer‐Korting, M., & Korting, H. C. (2004) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000077236 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wang, X., Brégégère, F. M., Soroka, Y., Frušić‐Zlotkin, M., & Milner, Y. (2004) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.04.083 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Photoaging and the clinical utility of fractional laser
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BackgroundRelation of Redox and Structural Alterations of Rat Skin in the Function of Chronological Aging
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BackgroundAQP5 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal stem cells in skin aging
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Low molecular polypeptide from oyster hydrolysate recovers photoaging in SKH-1 hairless mice
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“Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors play a major role in this degenerative process resulting in inevitable loss of elasticity, roughness, laxity, sagging, and wrinkle development.(21) Natural biologic aging includes programmed senescence of dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes that cause a decreased renewal…”
BackgroundDermal Fibroblast SLC3A2 Deficiency Leads to Premature Aging and Loss of Epithelial Homeostasis
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“INTRODUCTION Intrinsic and extrinsic human skin aging involves a number of changes, such as reduced epidermal proliferation, impaired melanocyte functions, and decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) component biosynthesis, such as collagen types (McCullough and Kelly, 2006; Yaar et al., 2002).”
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Similar appearance, different mechanisms: xerosis in HIV , atopic dermatitis and ageing
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Skin Aging: A Brief Summary of Characteristic Changes
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- Authors
- Yaar, M., Eller, M. S., & Gilchrest, B. A.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gilchrest, Barbara A.
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-58
- ISSN
- 1087-0024 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2000936610
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 132
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 21.57
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- skin aging, aging mechanisms, genetic factors, environmental factors, older adults, aging interventions
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dermatology, Humans, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Skin Aging, Gene Expression, Telomere, Oxidative Stress
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