Cited by 113Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research

Alzheimer's disease including focal presentations

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Villain, Nicolas, Dubois, Bruno·2019·Seminars in Neurology

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disease and the most frequent cause of dementia. It affects 30 million people worldwide. Current research criteria focus on biomarkers' status for amyloid and tau using positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, independent of clinical status. Current epidemiological data, which mostly rely on biomarker-undetermined AD cases, have highlighted ApoE4 and age as the main risk factors. Rare autosomal dominant mutations also account for a small fraction of early-onset AD. The main clinical phenotype at presentation is the amnestic phenotype targeting episodic memory. This is followed by rarer phenotypes such as posterior cortical atrophy, logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia, frontal variant AD, corticobasal syndrome, and other even rarer presentations mimicking language variants of frontotemporal dementia. Main differential diagnoses include hippocampal sclerosis with TDP-43, primary age-related tauopathy, argyrophilic grain disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy body disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy as well as nondegenerative disorders such as cerebrovascular disease, chronic alcohol consumption, limbic encephalitis, medial temporal lobe epilepsy, and others. Co-occurrence of AD pathology with other neurodegenerative and vascular diseases is common and increases with age. This presents a challenge in current clinical practice due to a lack of reliable biomarkers for non-AD neurodegenerative diseases.

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Crossref · 10.1055/s-0039-1681041

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  • An isolated amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type with only tau biomarker positivity can occur in primary age-related tauopathy or in atypical presentations of mixed 3 repeat or 4 repeat tau frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

    “However, an isolated amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type with only tau biomarker positivity can occur in primary age-related tauopathy37,38 or in atypical presentations of mixed 3 repeat or 4 repeat tau frontotemporal lobar degeneration100,102 (appendix p 2).”

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Authors
Villain, N., & Dubois, B.
Affiliations
  • Sorbonne Université (FR)
  • Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
Corresponding author
Villain, Nicolas
Venue
Seminars in Neurology
Published
2019-03-29
Volume
39
Issue
02
Pages
213-226
ISSN
  • 0271-8235 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-9021
OpenAlex
W2931664631
Cited by
113
References
168
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13
FWCI
10.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Seminars in Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, posterior cortical atrophy, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, corticobasal syndrome, episodic memory, APOE ε4, risk factors, early-onset Alzheimer's disease, differential diagnosis, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy body disease, argyrophilic grain disease, hippocampal sclerosis, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, multimorbidity, dementia
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Humans

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