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Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2
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Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 In this autopsy series, the authors found that SARS-CoV-2 has an organotropism beyond the respiratory tract, including the kidneys, heart, liver, and brai...
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“The finding of coronavirus RNA in brain tissue of deceased patients raised the possibility of a direct brain injury mechanism [153].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [153]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“a study detected SARS-CoV-2 in 8 of 21 postmortem brain tissues, based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [25].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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“In addition, human CSF samples have failed thus far to reveal CoV-2 RNA (73, 77), and autopsies from human patients have found that the brain contains the lowest levels of CoV-2 across organs sampled (78).”
From Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
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Cites
SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients
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Renal Involvement and Early Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia
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COVID‐19‐induced endotheliitis: emerging evidence and possible therapeutic strategies
Calabretta, E., Moraleda, J. M., Iacobelli, M., Jara, R., Vlodavsky, I., O’Gorman, P., Pagliuca, A., Mo, C. C., Baron, R. M., Aghemo, A., et al. (2021) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.17240 · Cited by 75
“Additionally, autopsy findings of 27 patients in another series confirmed the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 in multiple organs, including the respiratory tract, pharynx, heart, liver, brain, and kidneys.(12) Immunofluorescence of kidney specimens from six of the 27 patients showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 protein in a…”
ResultA Centenary Tale of Two Pandemics: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and COVID-19, Part I
Morens, D. M., Taubenberger, J. K., & Fauci, A. S. (2021) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2021.306310 · Cited by 74
Evidence For and Against Direct Kidney Infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with COVID-19
Hassler, L., Reyes, F., Sparks, M. A., Welling, P. A., & BATLLE, D. C. (2021) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04560421 · Cited by 76
“SARS-CoV-2 RNA and S protein have been documented in the glomerulus in autopsies of patients with COVID-19 (69,70).”
BackgroundMethodPan, T. S., Chen, R., He, X., Yuan, Y., Deng, X., Li, R., Yan, H., Yan, S., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., et al. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00848-1 · Cited by 72
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“neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and so on.(1,7,97,98) A variety of pro‐inflammatory cytokines or chemokines such as TNF, IL‐6, type‐1 IFN, chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CCL2, CCL4, and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) (IFN‐induced protein 10 kDa, IP‐10), a…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPodocyte-targeted therapies — progress and future directions
Meliambro, K. A., He, C., & Campbell, K. N. (2024) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-024-00843-z · Cited by 87
“Although SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to directly infect kidney cells, these data remain controversial 114–116 .”
Pathology of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury
Sharma, P., Ng, J. H., Bijol, V., Jhaveri, K. D., & Wanchoo, R. (2021) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfab003 · Cited by 75
Multisystemic Cellular Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in Autopsies of COVID-19 Patients
Wong, D. W. L., Klinkhammer, B. M., Djudjaj, S., Villwock, S., Timm, M. C., Buhl, E. M., Wucherpfennig, S., Cacchi, C., Braunschweig, T. A., Knüchel, R., et al. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10081900 · Cited by 77
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“Basal level of ACE2 expression in CNS cells is sufficient for viral entry (Puelles et al. 2020).”
BackgroundCOVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury
Hilton, J., Boyer, N., Nadim, M. K., Forni, L. G., & Kellum, J. A. (2022) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2022.01.002 · Cited by 81
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and kidney diseases: what do we know?
Çöpür, S., Berkkan, M., Basile, C., Tuttle, K. R., & Kanbay, M. (2022) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-022-01296-y · Cited by 76
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Self-citationPathological changes in the lungs and lymphatic organs of 12 COVID-19 autopsy cases
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Rethinking Remdesivir: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Lipid Prodrugs
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“Because the virus can infect multiple organs beyond the respiratory tract, including the kidneys, heart, liver, brain, pancreas, and blood (42,43), SARS-CoV-2 also possibly invades,”
BackgroundDetection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and genomic sequences in human brainstem nuclei
Emmi, A., Rizzo, S., Barzon, L., Sandre, M., Carturan, E., Sinigaglia, A., Riccetti, S., Barbera, M. D., Rafael Boscolo-berto, A., Cocco, P., et al. (2023) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-023-00467-3 · Cited by 75
Kidney disease and COVID-19 disease severity—systematic review and meta-analysis
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“The exact mechanism by which SARSCoV-2 causes renal damage is not fully known, but studies have shown that cellular components required for virus entry such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), cellular transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and cathepsin L (CTSL) are highly expressed in kidneys [4].”
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“Virus infection of non-respiratory tract organs was documented in COVID-19 autopsy studies earlier.(5,8,26) However, we recently showed that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the heart of 50% of fatal COVID-19 cases.”
BackgroundSelf-citationRETRACTED: Interleukin-6 in SARS-CoV-2 induced disease: Interactions and therapeutic applications
Majidpoor, J., & Mortezaee, K. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112419 · Cited by 71
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“tory tract (2), but also other organs such as the kidney (3) and the central nervous sys-”
BackgroundElectron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task – Authors' reply
Varga, Z., Flammer, A. J., Steiger, P., Haberecker, M., Andermatt, R., Zinkernagel, A. S., Mehra, M. R., Scholkmann, F., Schüpbach, R. A., Ruschitzka, F. T., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31185-5 · Cited by 70
Renal Injury by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review
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Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Cornea of Viremic Patients With COVID-19
Casagrande, M. K., Fitzek, A., Spitzer, M. S., Püschel, K., Glatzel, M., Krasemann, S., Nörz, D. S., Lütgehetmann, M., Pfefferle, S., & Schultheiß, M. (2021) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.6339 · Cited by 67
Self-citationHou, Y., Lu, K., & Kuo, K. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9080885 · Cited by 71
“From the autopsy results in SARS-CoV-2-related death, the kidney was the second-most vulnerable organ in SARS-CoV-2 infection [17].”
BackgroundFred, S. M., Kuivanen, S. H., Uğurlu, H., Casarotto, P. C., Levanov, L., Saksela, K., Vapalahti, O., & Ċastrén, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.755600 · Cited by 67
SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Interact with Alpha Synuclein and Induce Lewy Body-like Pathology In Vitro
Wu, Z., Zhang, X., Huang, Z., & Ma, K. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23063394 · Cited by 69
“Recent publications examining the localization of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals who died of COVID-19 demonstrated apparently low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and proteins in the brain [30].”
BackgroundPresentations and mechanisms of CNS disorders related to COVID-19
Bodro, M., Compta, Y., & Sánchez‐Valle, R. (2020) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000923 · Cited by 69
“In an autopsy series of patients with COVID-19 without neurologic symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the brain of 8 (38%) of 21 patients with low levels of SARS-CoV-2 copies per cell.(43) In another autopsy study of 10 patients,(44) no signs of encephalitis or CNS vasculitis were found, and the PCR in CSF was negati…”
Is Ferroptosis a Key Component of the Process Leading to Multiorgan Damage in COVID-19?
Pasini, A. M. F., Stranieri, C., Girelli, D., Busti, F., & Cominacini, L. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10111677 · Cited by 72
“Although the highest levels of SARS-CoV-2 copies per cell are detected in the respiratory tract, data from autoptic series show that SARS-CoV-2 is present in different kidney compartments, mainly in renal parenchyma, glomerular epithelial, endothelial and tubular cells [20].”
BackgroundThe neurobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Meinhardt, J., Streit, S., Dittmayer, C., Manitius, R. V., Radbruch, H., & Heppner, F. L. (2024) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-023-00769-8 · Cited by 64
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Infection of Brain Pericytes Underlying Neuropathology of COVID-19 Patients
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“However, SARS-CoV-2 bears an organotropism beyond the respiratory tract [3,4], with increasing testimony indicating the brain as an extrapulmonary target of SARSCoV-2 [5].”
BackgroundEndothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Potential Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic Options
Pelle, M. C., Zaffina, I., Lucà, S., Forte, V., Trapanese, V., Melina, M., Giofrè, F., & Arturi, F. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12101605 · Cited by 72
“First, acute kidney injury is triggered by direct renal cellular harm from SARS-CoV-2 due to ACE2 expression in the renal tubules, data supported by the evidence of acute tubular injury, diffuse erythrocyte aggregation and obstruction in peritubular and glomerular capillary loops [116,117].”
BackgroundSeferovic, P. M., Tsutsui, H., McNamara, D. M., Ristić, A. D., Basso, C., Bozkurt, B., Cooper, L. T., Filippatos, G. S., Ide, T., Inomata, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.04.010 · Cited by 69
Mesenchymal stem cell treatment for COVID-19
Xu, R., Feng, Z., & Wang, F. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103920 · Cited by 66
“38,40 Renal autopsy revealed coronavirus-like particles in the cytoplasm of the renal proximal tubular epithelium, accompanied by prominent acute renal tubular injury.”
Shin, J., Toyoda, S., Nishitani, S., Onodera, T., Fukuda, S., Kita, S., Fukuhara, A., & Shimomura, I. (2022) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155236 · Cited by 66
“SARS-CoV-2 also infects many other cells, tissues, and organs, including the kidney, heart, liver, brain, and blood cells [81,82].”
Extracellular vesicles mediate antibody-resistant transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Xia, B., Pan, X., Luo, R., Shen, X., Li, S., Wang, Y., Zuo, X., Wu, Y. L., Guo, Y., Xiao, G., et al. (2023) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-022-00510-2 · Cited by 67
Brain fog as a Long-term Sequela of COVID-19
Nouraeinejad, A. (2022) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-022-01352-5 · Cited by 72
Term Human Placental Trophoblasts Express SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors ACE2, TMPRSS2, and Furin
Ouyang, Y., Bagalkot, T. R., Fitzgerald, W., Sadovsky, E., Chu, T., Martínez-Marchal, A., Brieño‐Enríquez, M. A., Su, E. J., Margolis, L. B., Sorkin, A. D., et al. (2021) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00250-21 · Cited by 62
First report from the German COVID-19 autopsy registry
von Stillfried, S. F., Bülow, R. D., Röhrig, R., Boor, P., Böcker, J., Schmidt, J., Tholen, P., Majeed, R. W., Wienströer, J., Weis, J., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100330 · Cited by 72
Self-citationSouza, P. F. N., Mesquita, F. P., Amaral, J. L., Landim, P. G. C., Lima, K. R. P., Costa, M. B., Farias, I. R., Belém, M. O., Pinto, Y. O., Moreira, H. H. T., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.058 · Cited by 67
COVID‐19 and hypertension—evidence and practical management: Guidance from the HOPE Asia Network
Kario, K., Morisawa, Y., Sukonthasarn, A., Turana, Y., Chia, Y. C., Park, S., Wang, T., Chen, C., Tay, J. C., Li, Y., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13917 · Cited by 66
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, COVID-19, and the Renin-Angiotensin System
Sparks, M. A., South, A. M., Badley, A. D., Baker-Smith, C. M., BATLLE, D. C., Bozkurt, B., Cattaneo, R., Crowley, S. D., Dell’Italia, L. J., Ford, A. L., et al. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15948 · Cited by 62
“SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to infect kidney parenchymal cells, as suggested by the presence of virus-like particles in podocytes and tubular cells(114) and the presence of viral RNA, but this has not been definitively demonstrated or confirmed.(115) The pathophysiology is likely complex, involving viral-mediate…”
Neurotropic Viruses, Astrocytes, and COVID-19
Verdev, P. T., Potokar, M., Kolenc, M., Korva, M., Avšič‐Županc, T., Zorec, R., & Jorgačevski, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.662578 · Cited by 72
Burtscher, J., Burtscher, M., & Millet, G. P. (2021) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2021.101976 · Cited by 67
“…relevant in light of increasing evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection of tissues (including heart, kidney, liver, brain, etc.) other than the respiratory tract [113,133], that remains the primarily affected organ in COVID-19 [134], and associated organ-specific diseases [113] and immune responses [135].”
Han, Y., Yuan, K., Wang, Z., Liu, W., Lu, Z.-A., Liu, L., Shi, L., Yan, W., Yuan, J., Li, J., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01629-8 · Cited by 67
Does SARS-CoV-2 Infect the Kidney?
Khan, S., Chen, L., Yang, C.-R., Raghuram, V., Khundmiri, S. J., & Knepper, M. A. (2020) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2020081229 · Cited by 61
KIM-1/TIM-1 is a Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in Lung and KidneyPreprint
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Lippi, G., Lavie, C. J., Henry, B. M., & Sanchis‐Gomar, F. (2020) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2020-0727 · Cited by 64
“However, a recent autopsy found that in addition to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 was molecularly detected in the kidneys, liver, and heart, brain and blood, demonstrating the in vivo multiorgan tropismof this novel virus [35].”
BackgroundAutopsies of COVID-19 deceased? Absolutely!
Sperhake, J. (2020) · Legal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101769 · Cited by 61
“The study by Puelles et al. provided important fi ndings, which were able to detect the virus in various organs such as kidneys, liver and brain [29].”
Self-citationNew Insights Into the Physiopathology of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2-Associated Gastrointestinal Illness
Devaux, C. A., Lagier, J., & Raoult, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.640073 · Cited by 62
“It has been recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in multiple organs including pharynx, liver, pancreas, kidneys, heart and brain (77, 78).”
BackgroundMechanisms of COVID-19-induced kidney injury and current pharmacotherapies
Faour, W. H., Choaib, A., Issa, E., Choueiry, F. E., Shbaklo, K., Alhajj, M., Sawaya, R. T., Harhous, Z., Alefishat, E. A., & Nader, M. (2021) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-021-01520-8 · Cited by 63
“Human tissue single-cell RNA sequencing data and ACE2 staining revealed that the kidneys and bladder are enriched with ACE2, which increases their chance of viral invasion [67, 68].”
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and Alzheimer’s disease: mutual risks and mechanisms
Chen, F., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Ke, Q., & Cui, L. (2022) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-022-00316-y · Cited by 63
“Although accumulating evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 can enter the CNS, the presence of the virus in the brain may not critically correlate with the neurological conditions, as postmortem studies have noted occurrence of pronounced neuropathological changes even in patients with COVID-19 in whom the virus was not…”
BackgroundResultSevere acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Piñeiro, G. J., Andújar, A. M., Hermida, E., Blasco, M., Quintana, L. F., Muñoz-Rojas, G., Mercadal, J., Castro, P., Sandoval, E., Andrea, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-020-00918-7 · Cited by 60
Yeo, I., Baek, S., Kim, J. H., Elshakh, H., Voronina, A., Lou, M. S., Vapnik, J., Kaler, R., Dai, X., & Goldbarg, S. H. (2021) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13241 · Cited by 60
Neurobiology of COVID-19: how can the virus affect the brain?
Generoso, J. S., de Quevedo, J. L. B., Cattani, M., Lodetti, B. F., Sousa, L., Collodel, A., Díaz, A. P., & Dal‐Pizzol, F. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1488 · Cited by 65
Gaussen, A., Hornby, L., Rockl, G., O’Brien, S. F., Delage, G., Sapir‐Pichhadze, R., Drews, S. J., Weiss, M. J., & Lewin, A. (2021) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000003744 · Cited by 62
“9,103 SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected by RT-PCR in lung tissue from several deceased COVID-19 positive patients, 89,93,94,104,105 often with a high viral load.”
InfluentialPathophysiology of infection with SARS‐CoV ‐2— What is known and what remains a mystery
Sridhar, S., & Nicholls, J. M. (2021) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.14091 · Cited by 64
“163 The first autopsy study detailing the renal findings was from China which described finding virus-like particles in six of 2626 cases with positive IHC,164 although others have described the renal findings as non-specific.165 Another article by Farkash et al. also reported finding virus-like particles,166 but the…”
BackgroundKlinakis, A., Cournia, Z., & Rampias, T. N. (2021) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.004 · Cited by 59
“Moreover, while SARS-CoV appears to infect pneumocytes and enterocytes of the small intestine [38], SARS-CoV-2 can infect multiple organs such as the intestine, liver, kidney and blood vessels [39,40].”
Neurological post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection
Takao, M., & Ohira, M. (2022) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.13481 · Cited by 66
“According to neuropathologic analysis, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain is rare.(58,76) Neuroinflammation in association with mast cells may be the cause of brain fog.”
MethodHashimoto, K. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02161-5 · Cited by 64
“In May 2020, Puelles et al. [12] reported the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the autopsy tissues from patients who died from COVID-19.”
BackgroundShen, W., Elahi, M., Logue, J., Yang, P., Baracco, L., Reece, E. A., Wang, B., Li, L., Blanchard, T. G., Han, Z., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.01.31.478476 · Cited by 59
Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients
Duan, Y.-Q., Xia, M.-H., Ren, L., Zhang, Y.-F., Ao, Q.-L., Xu, S.-P., Kuang, D., Liu, Q., Yan, B., Zhou, Y.-W., et al. (2020) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-020-2225-x · Cited by 59
Stevens, J. S., King, K. L., Robbins-Juarez, S. Y., Khairallah, P., Toma, K., Verduzco, H. A., Daniel, E., Douglas, D., Moses, A. A., Peleg, Y. A., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244131 · Cited by 63
“While the exact mechanisms of kidney injury in patients with COVID-19 remain to be fully understood [32], there are additional concerns about AKI that results from associated Table 2.”
BackgroundMetabolic Alterations in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Implication in Kidney Dysfunction
Andrade-Silva, M., da Silva, A. R. P. A., do Amaral, M. A., de Fragas, M. G., & Câmara, N. O. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.624698 · Cited by 60
Pathology of lung‐specific thrombosis and inflammation in COVID‐19
Khismatullin, R. R., Ponomareva, A. A., Nagaswami, C., Ivaeva, R. A., Montone, K. T., Weisel, J. W., & Litvinov, R. I. (2021) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.15532 · Cited by 59
Lazaridis, C., Vlachogiannis, N. I., Bakogiannis, C., Spyridopoulos, I., Stamatelopoulos, K. S., Kanakakis, I., Vassilikos, V. P., & Stellos, K. (2020) · Hellenic Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2020.05.004 · Cited by 60
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection reaches the human nervous system: How?
Uversky, V. N., Elrashdy, F., Aljaddawi, A. A., Ali, S. M., Khan, R. H., & Redwan, E. M. M. M. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24752 · Cited by 59
“These manifestations prove the presence of a link between the SARS-CoV-2 infection and CNS pathologies and support neurotropism of this virus (Puelles et al., 2020; Solomon et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKrasemann, S., Dittmayer, C., von Stillfried, S. F., Meinhardt, J., Heinrich, F., Hartmann, K., Pfefferle, S., Thies, E., von Manitius, R., Aschman, T., et al. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104193 · Cited by 57
“…pandemic, autopsy-driven research, using multimodal approaches, attempted at defining viral organ tropism and organ-specific pathomechanisms, 3,4,15,27 yet a critical and systematic study investigating the limitations of in situ detection of SARS-CoV-2 in autopsy tissues has not been…”
InfluentialSelf-citationCo-existence and co-infection of influenza A viruses and coronaviruses: Public health challenges
Yang, J., Gong, Y., Zhang, C., Sun, J., Wong, G., Shi, W., Liu, W., Gao, G. F., & Bi, Y. (2022) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100306 · Cited by 58
“SARS-CoV-2 can infectmultiple organs, including the lung, trachea, pharynx, intestine, kidneys, pancreas, brain, and heart of humans.(22,107) The respiratory system is also the primary target for SARSCoV-2 infection.”
Acute Kidney Injury in Severe COVID-19 Has Similarities to Sepsis-Associated Kidney Injury
Alexander, M. P., Mangalaparthi, K. K., Madugundu, A. K., Moyer, A. M., Adam, B., Mengel, M., Singh, S., Herrmann, S. M., Rule, A. D., Cheek, E. H., et al. (2021) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.07.001 · Cited by 56
“Direct viral toxicity, hemodynamic instability, cytokine storm, and immune-mediated injury have all been proposed as likely causes of renal injury in COVID-19.(5,13,14) Recent studies have drawn similarities between sepsis-associated AKI (S-AKI) and COVID19erelated kidney injury.”
InfluentialPlacental response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection
Mourad, M., Jacob, T., Sadovsky, E., Bejerano, S., Simone, G. S.-D., Bagalkot, T. R., Zucker, J. E., Yin, M. T., Chang, J. Y., Liu, L., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93931-0 · Cited by 58
Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection in human pulmonary cells
Chen, J., Fan, J., Chen, Z., Zhang, M., Peng, H., Jian, L., Ding, L., Liu, M., Zhao, C., Zhao, P., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2111011118 · Cited by 59
Raman, B., McCracken, C., Cassar, M. P., Moss, A. J., Finnigan, L., Samat, A. H. A., Ogbole, G. I., Tunnicliffe, E. M., Alfaro‐Almagro, F., Menke, R., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00262-x · Cited by 56
Conzelmann, C., Müller, J. A., Perkhofer, L., Sparrer, K. M. J., Zelikin, A. N., Münch, J., & Kleger, A. (2020) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-0351 · Cited by 61
ACE2, angiotensin 1-7 and skeletal muscle: review in the era of COVID-19
Yamamoto, K. I., Takeshita, H., & Rakugi, H. (2020) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20200486 · Cited by 58
Saeed, U., Uppal, S. R., Piracha, Z. Z., Rasheed, A., Aftab, Z., Zaheer, H., & Uppal, R. (2021) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-021-01505-3 · Cited by 56
Hamster organotypic modeling of SARS-CoV-2 lung and brainstem infection
Ferren, M., Favède, V., Décimo, D., Iampietro, M., Lieberman, N. A. P., Weickert, J., Pélissier, R., Mazelier, M., Terrier, O., Moscona, A., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26096-z · Cited by 65
Respiratory muscle dysfunction in long-COVID patients
Hennigs, J. K., Huwe, M., Hennigs, A., Oqueka, T., Simon, M., Harbaum, L., Körbelin, J., Schmiedel, S., Wiesch, J. S. Z., Addo, M. M., et al. (2022) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-022-01840-9 · Cited by 61
“While lung, kidney and the vascular system appear to be the main sites of acute Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related complications [1, 2], early sequelae of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 are reported by the vast majority of convalescent patients [3, 4].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAcute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19: an update on the pathophysiology
Izzedine, H., & Jhaveri, K. D. (2020) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfaa184 · Cited by 55
“Data from an autopsy series of 27 patients showed that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in multiple organs, with selective tropism for the kidneys, even in patients without a history of chronic kidney disease or those not critically ill with SARS-CoV-2 infection [4].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRole of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and pericytes in cardiac complications of COVID-19 infection
Robinson, F. A., Mihealsick, R. P., Wagener, B. M., Hanna, P., Poston, M. D., Efimov, I. R., Shivkumar, K., & Hoover, D. B. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00681.2020 · Cited by 55
Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Persistence and Its Relevance
Desimmie, B. A., Raru, Y., Awadh, H., He, P., Teka, S., & Willenburg, K. S. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13061025 · Cited by 58
“It can also infect other cell types and has been detected in a wide range of organs and tissues notably the intestinal epithelium, liver, kidneys, brain, pancreas, eye, and immune cells [39, 54] (Figure 2a).”
BackgroundRhabdomyolysis as an initial presentation in a patient diagnosed with COVID-19
Valente-Acosta, B., Moreno‐Sánchez, F., Fueyo, O., & Palomar-Lever, A. (2020) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-236719 · Cited by 54
Gupta, R. K., Bhargava, R., Shaukat, A.-A., Albert, E., & Leggat, J. E. (2020) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-020-01970-y · Cited by 54
“Studies have shown that there is a specific renal tropism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with preferential targeting of glomerular cells which might explain the widespread kidney injury even in patients without critical COVID-19 disease, as the patient in case 1 [12].”
BackgroundKidney function on admission predicts in-hospital mortality in COVID-19
Trabulus, S., Karaca, C., Balkan, İ. İ., Dinçer, M. T., Murt, A., Özcan, Ş. G., Karaali, R., Mete, B., Bakır, A., Kuşkucu, M. A., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238680 · Cited by 54
Bursi, F., Santangelo, G., Sansalone, D., Valli, F., Vella, A. M., Toriello, F., Barbieri, A., & Carugo, S. (2020) · Echocardiography · doi:10.1111/echo.14869 · Cited by 54
Gu, X., Huang, L., Cui, D., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, J., Shang, L., Fan, G., & Cao, B. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103817 · Cited by 56
Jiang, X., Eales, J., Scannali, D., Nazgiewicz, A., Prestes, P. R., Maier, M. C., Denniff, M. J., Xu, X., Saluja, S., Cano-Gamez, E., et al. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa794 · Cited by 53
COVID-19–Related Collapsing Glomerulopathy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient
Lazareth, H., Péré, H., Binois, Y., Chabannes, M., Schurder, J., Bruneau, T., Karras, A., Thervet, É., Rabant, M., Veyer, D. L., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.06.009 · Cited by 52
“It is proposed that kidney cells are targeted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thereby causing kidney lesions; viral RNA has been detected in various kidney compartments of patients who died of COVID-19, including glomeruli.(2,3) Critically, podocytes express membrane proteins such as a…”
BackgroundBurster, T., Traut, R., Yermekkyzy, Z., Mayer, K., Westhoff, M., Bischof, J., & Knippschild, U. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.695325 · Cited by 51
Li, P., Liu, Y., Cheng, Z., Yu, X., & Li, Y. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113568 · Cited by 54
“expression has been detected in the liver and in many other extrapulmonary organs [30,31].”
Appelt‐Menzel, A., Oerter, S., Mathew, S., Haferkamp, U., Hartmann, C., Jung, M., Neuhaus, W., & Pleß, O. (2020) · Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology · doi:10.1002/cpsc.122 · Cited by 56
Organ recovery from deceased donors with prior COVID‐19: A case series
Neidlinger, N. A., Smith, J. A., D’Alessandro, A. M., Roe, D., Taber, T. E., Pereira, M. R., & Friedman, A. L. (2020) · Transplant Infectious Disease · doi:10.1111/tid.13503 · Cited by 52
Use of Organs from SARS-CoV-2 Infected Donors: Is It Safe? A Contemporary Review
Kute, V., Fleetwood, V. A., Meshram, H. S., Guenette, A., & Lentine, K. L. (2021) · Current Transplantation Reports · doi:10.1007/s40472-021-00343-0 · Cited by 52
Implications of testicular ACE2 and the renin–angiotensin system for SARS-CoV-2 on testis function
Edenfield, R. C., & Easley, C. A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/s41585-021-00542-5 · Cited by 55
Neurological complications associated with Covid‐19; molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches
Mehrabani, M. M., Karvandi, M. S., Maafi, P., & Doroudian, M. (2022) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2334 · Cited by 53
“the nervous system, through the circulation of viral particles and inflammatory agents.(170) Anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory properties of intact vascular endothelium are massively inhibited by a viral infection and”
BackgroundProtective neutralizing epitopes in SARS‐CoV‐2
Liu, H., & Wilson, I. A. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13084 · Cited by 49
COVID-19 as a trigger for type 1 diabetes
Wang, Y., Guo, H., Wang, G., Zhai, J., & Du, B. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad165 · Cited by 50
Metadata
- Authors
- Puelles, V. G., Lütgehetmann, M., Lindenmeyer, M. T., Sperhake, J. P., Wong, M. N., Allweiss, L., Chilla, S., Heinemann, A., Wanner, N., Liu, S., Braun, F., Lu, S., Pfefferle, S., Schröder, A. S., Edler, C., Gross, O., Glatzel, M., Wichmann, D., Wiech, T., Kluge, S., Pueschel, K., Aepfelbacher, M., & Huber, T. B.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Huber, Tobias B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-08-06
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 590-592
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC7240771
- OpenAlex
- W3024126428
- Cited by
- 1,775
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 214 · 2022: 338 · 2021: 595 · 2020: 390
- FWCI
- 50.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, kidney, heart, liver, brain, autopsy findings, viral tissue distribution
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Autopsy, Brain, Female, Heart, Humans, Kidney, Liver, Lung, Male, Middle Aged, Pharynx, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Viral Load, Viral Tropism, Pandemics
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