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Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2
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Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 In this autopsy series, the authors found that SARS-CoV-2 has an organotropism beyond the respiratory tract, including the kidneys, heart, liver, and brai...
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“The finding of coronavirus RNA in brain tissue of deceased patients raised the possibility of a direct brain injury mechanism [153].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [153]
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“a study detected SARS-CoV-2 in 8 of 21 postmortem brain tissues, based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [25].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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“In addition, human CSF samples have failed thus far to reveal CoV-2 RNA (73, 77), and autopsies from human patients have found that the brain contains the lowest levels of CoV-2 across organs sampled (78).”
From Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
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Cites
SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients
Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M.-X., Liang, L.-J., Huang, H., Hong, Z.-S., Yu, J.-X., Kang, M., Song, Y.-C., Xia, J., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2001737 · Cited by 4,590
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Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China
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Renal Involvement and Early Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia
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Persistent Brainstem Dysfunction in Long-COVID: A Hypothesis
Yong, S. J. (2021) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00793 · Cited by 243
Encephalopathy in patients with COVID‐19: A review
Garg, R. K., Paliwal, V. K., & Gupta, A. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26207 · Cited by 224
“ACE2 receptor presence has been demonstrated on neurons and endothelial cells that facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 virus entry to the brain.(65,66) Another speculated route of entry to the brain is via the olfactory system.”
BackgroundApoE-Isoform-Dependent SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism and Cellular Response
Wang, C., Zhang, M., Garcia, G., Tian, E., Cui, Q., Chen, X., Sun, G., Wang, J., Arumugaswami, V., & Shi, Y. (2021) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2020.12.018 · Cited by 222
Schönrich, G., Raftery, M. J., & Samstag, Y. (2020) · Advances in Biological Regulation · doi:10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100741 · Cited by 226
Reiterer, M., Rajan, M., Gómez-Banoy, N., Lau, J. D., Gómez-Escobar, L. G., Ma, L., Gilani, A., Alvarez-Mulett, S. L., Sholle, E., Chandar, V., et al. (2021) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.009 · Cited by 235
On the whereabouts of SARS-CoV-2 in the human body: A systematic review
Trypsteen, W., Van Cleemput, J., Snippenberg, W. V., Gerlo, S., & Vandekerckhove, L. (2020) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009037 · Cited by 199
Cellular host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Baggen, J., Vanstreels, E., Jansen, S., & Daelemans, D. (2021) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-021-00958-0 · Cited by 227
Seferović, P. M., Tsutsui, H., McNamara, D. M., Ristić, A. D., Basso, C., Bozkurt, B., Cooper, L. T., Filippatos, G., Ide, T., Inomata, T., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.2190 · Cited by 219
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a Systemic Infection
Synowiec, A., Szczepański, A., Barreto-Durán, E., Lie, L. K., & Pyrć, K. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00133-20 · Cited by 228
Autopsy findings in COVID-19-related deaths: a literature review
Maiese, A., Manetti, A. C., Russa, R. L., Paolo, M. D., Turillazzi, E., Frati, P., & Fineschi, V. (2020) · Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology · doi:10.1007/s12024-020-00310-8 · Cited by 212
“[70] demonstrated that the novel virus causes renal tropism, while Varga et al.”
BackgroundSong, E., Bartley, C. M., Chow, R. D.-W., Ngo, T. T., Jiang, R., Zamecnik, C. R., Dandekar, R., Loudermilk, R. P., Dai, Y., Liu, F., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100288 · Cited by 219
Receptome profiling identifies KREMEN1 and ASGR1 as alternative functional receptors of SARS-CoV-2
Gu, Y., Cao, J., Zhang, X., Gao, H., Wang, Y., Wang, J., He, J., Jiang, X., Zhang, J., Shen, G., et al. (2021) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-021-00595-6 · Cited by 215
“SARS-CoV-2 displays multi-organ tropism in COVID-19 patients.(6,11,14,16,37) However, ACE2 alone cannot explain the multi-organ tropism of SARS-CoV-2.”
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry upon blocking N- and O-glycan elaboration
Yang, Q., Hughes, T. A., Kelkar, A., Yu, X., Cheng, K., Park, S., Huang, W., Lovell, J. F., & Neelamegham, S. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.61552 · Cited by 199
Alonso-Lana, S., Marquié, M., Ruiz, A., & Boada, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.588872 · Cited by 211
Characterizing long COVID: deep phenotype of a complex condition
Deer, R. R., Rock, M. A., Vasilevsky, N., Carmody, L., Rando, H., Anzalone, A. J., Basson, M. D., Bennett, T. D., Bergquist, T., Boudreau, E. A., et al. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103722 · Cited by 200
“Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects diverse organ systems, including the lungs, digestive tract, kidneys, heart, and brain [1,2].”
BackgroundMok, V., Pendlebury, S. T., Wong, A., Alladi, S., Au, L. W. C., Bath, P. M., Biessels, G. J., Chen, C., Cordonnier, C., Dichgans, M., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12143 · Cited by 206
Leukocyte trafficking to the lungs and beyond: lessons from influenza for COVID-19
Alon, R., Sportiello, M., Kozlovski, S., Kumar, A., Reilly, E. C., Zarbock, A., Garbi, N., & Topham, D. J. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-00470-2 · Cited by 197
SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human Engineered Heart Tissues and Models COVID-19 Myocarditis
Bailey, A. L., Dmytrenko, O., Greenberg, L., Bredemeyer, A. L., Ma, P., Liu, J., Penna, V., Winkler, E. S., Sviben, S., Brooks, E., et al. (2021) · JACC: Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.01.002 · Cited by 193
“These findings are consistent with prior reports highlighting infiltration of monocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in an endomyocardial biopsy specimen from a patient with suspected COVID-19 myocarditis and viral RNA within the myocardium of COVID-19 autopsy specimens (33,34).”
ResultCOVID-19–Associated Glomerular Disease
Shetty, A. A., Tawhari, I., Safar-Boueri, L., Seif, N., Alahmadi, A., Gargiulo, R., Aggarwal, V., Usman, I., Kisselev, S., Gharavi, A. G., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2020060804 · Cited by 192
Viral persistence, reactivation, and mechanisms of long COVID
Chen, B. K., Jülg, B. D., Mohandas, S., Bradfute, S. B., & RECOVER Mechanistic Pathways Task Force (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.86015 · Cited by 211
Akilesh, S., Nast, C. C., Yamashita, M., Henriksen, K., Charu, V., Troxell, M. L., Kambham, N., Bracamonte, E. R., Houghton, D. C., Ahmed, N. I., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.10.001 · Cited by 188
“Even in the lung, using validated immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization, very few cells appear to contain detectable virus.(45,52) If direct viral infection of the kidney occurs, the lower viral load compared to lung tissue would”
COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies
Raman, R., Patel, K. J., & Ranjan, K. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11070993 · Cited by 194
“The infection and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in humans was initially reported in lung [3], but further studies identified SARS-CoV-2 infection vulnerability to other organs, including liver, brain, kidneys and intestine [13,17-20].”
BackgroundGlomerulonephritis: immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy
Anders, H., Kitching, A. R., Leung, N., & Romagnani, P. (2023) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00816-y · Cited by 188
“HIV, EBV, arbovirus, parvovirus B19 or SARS-CoV-2 can infect and injure glomerular epithelial cells 41–43 .”
BackgroundBlood molecular markers associated with COVID‐19 immunopathology and multi‐organ damage
Chen, Y., Zheng, Y., Yu, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, Q., Qian, F., Sun, L., Song, Z., Chen, Z., Feng, J., et al. (2020) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2020105896 · Cited by 190
“…and pancreas in COVID-19-infected patients as reported previously (Cai et al , 2020; Varga et al , 2020; Zheng et al , 2020b; Wang et al , 2020c), but also highlighted the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on less studied organs such as the brain and testis (Puelles et al , 2020; Yang et al , 2020).”
Endothelium Infection and Dysregulation by SARS-CoV-2: Evidence and Caveats in COVID-19
Bernard, I., Limonta, D., Mahal, L. K., & Hobman, T. C. (2020) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13010029 · Cited by 187
“They reported cytoplasmic granular positivity for the S-protein in the vascular endothelium through immunohistochemical analysis [74], which was corroborated by another study indicating the presence of SARS-CoV-2 protein in renal endothelial cells [76].”
ResultXie, Y., Bowe, B. C., Maddukuri, G. S., & Al‐Aly, Z. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m4677 · Cited by 182
SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein
Albornoz, E. A., Amarilla, A. A., Modhiran, N., Parker, S. E., Li, X. X., Wijesundara, D. K., Aguado, J., Zamora, A. C. P., McMillan, C. L. D., Liang, B., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01831-0 · Cited by 191
“…microglial NLRP3 in fl ammasome activation occurs in vivo after SARS-CoV-2 infection; (ii) to determine whether increased NLRP3 in fl amma-some activation occurs in MDMi exposed to SARS-CoV-2 isolates; and (iii) to evaluate this activation in the presence of preformed fi brils of α - synuclein (Syn).”
BackgroundZhou, Y., Hou, Y., Shen, J., Mehra, R., Kallianpur, A., Culver, D. A., Gack, M. U., Farha, S., Zein, J., Comhair, S., et al. (2020) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000970 · Cited by 180
“Recent studies indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected in multiple organs in addition to lungs, including heart, pharynx, liver, kidneys, brain, and intestine (58, 72).”
ResultCoronavirus Disease 2019 as Cause of Viral Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Karakike, E., Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, E. J., Kyprianou, M., Fleischmann-Struzek, C., Pletz, M. W., Netea, M. G., Reinhart, K., & Kyriazopoulou, E. (2021) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000005195 · Cited by 188
Post-viral effects of COVID-19 in the olfactory system and their implications
Xydakis, M. S., Albers, M. W., Holbrook, E. H., Lyon, D. M., Shih, R., Frasnelli, J., Pagenstecher, A., Kupke, A., Enquist, L. W., & Perlman, S. M. (2021) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00182-4 · Cited by 195
SARS-CoV-2 viroporin encoded by ORF3a triggers the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway
Xu, H., Akinyemi, I. A., Chitre, S., Loeb, J. C., Lednicky, J. A., McIntosh, M. T., & Bhaduri‐McIntosh, S. (2022) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2022.01.003 · Cited by 196
“With lung as the predominant site of pathology along with established tropism for kidney and other organs (Puelles et al., 2020), we introduced ORF3a into lung origin A549 cells and for comparison, kidney origin HEK-293T cells, cell types that support SARS-CoV-2 infection (Hoffmann et al.”
Shibata, S., Arima, H., Asayama, K., Hoshide, S., Ichihara, A., Ishimitsu, T., Kario, K., Kishi, T., Mogi, M., Nishiyama, A., et al. (2020) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-020-0515-0 · Cited by 181
“These reports were followed by the demonstration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the kidney [125, 139].”
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2, ACE2 expression, and systemic organ invasion
Ashraf, U., Abokor, A. A., Edwards, J. M., Waigi, E. W., Royfman, R., Hasan, S. A., Smedlund, K., Grégio, A. M. T., Chakravarti, R., & Koch, L. G. (2020) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00087.2020 · Cited by 181
“Autopsied patients with COVID-19 tested for SARS-CoV-2 viral load indicate a presence of the viral genome in kidneys, particularly in the renal tubule cells and glomeruli cells (60).”
BackgroundNugent, J. T., Aklilu, A. M., Yamamoto, Y., Simonov, M., Fan, L., Biswas, A., Ghazi, L., Greenberg, J. H., Mansour, S. G., Moledina, D. G., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1095 · Cited by 171
Hoiland, R. L., Fergusson, N. A., Mitra, A. R., Griesdale, D. E. G., Devine, D. V., Stukas, S. K., Cooper, J. G., Thiara, S., Foster, D., Chen, L. Y. C., et al. (2020) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002623 · Cited by 172
“Ventilator-free days 18 (13-24) 18 (9-22) .”
Sokołowska, M., Łukasik, Z. M., Agache, I. O., Akdiş, C. A., Akdiş, D., Akdiş, M., Barcik, W., Brough, H. A., Eiwegger, T., Eljaszewicz, A., et al. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14462 · Cited by 170
Neurological and cognitive sequelae of COVID-19: a four month follow-up.
Mattioli, F., Stampatori, C., Righetti, F., Sala, E., Tomasi, C., & De Palma, G. (2021) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10579-6 · Cited by 160
COVID-19 and possible links with Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism: from bench to bedside
Sulzer, D., Antonini, A., Leta, V., Nordvig, A. S., Smeyne, R. J., Goldman, J. E., Al‐Dalahmah, O., Zecca, L., Sette, A., Bubacco, L., et al. (2020) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-020-00123-0 · Cited by 176
Laue, M. M., Kauter, A., Hoffmann, T., Møller, L. F., Michel, J., & Nitsche, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82852-7 · Cited by 164
Petersen, E. L., Goßling, A., Adam, G., Aepfelbacher, M., Behrendt, C., Çavuş, E., Cheng, B., Fischer, N., Gallinat, J., Kühn, S., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab914 · Cited by 164
“GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. and fibrinolytic cascade, occurred much earlier during the course of COVID-19.”
InfluentialSelf-citationBunders, M. J., & Altfeld, M. A. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.08.003 · Cited by 167
ANCA-associated vasculitis after COVID-19
Duran, T. İ., Türkmen, E., Dilek, M., Sayarlıoğlu, H., & Arık, N. (2021) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-021-04914-3 · Cited by 162
Peng, R., Wu, L.-A., Wang, Q., Qi, J., & Gao, G. F. (2021) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2021.06.001 · Cited by 168
Molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 liver tropism
Wanner, N., Andrieux, G., Badia-i-Mompel, P., Edler, C., Pfefferle, S., Lindenmeyer, M. T., Schmidt‐Lauber, C., Czogalla, J., Wong, M. N., Okabayashi, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-022-00552-6 · Cited by 164
“Briefly, 3 comparison groups were defined a priori: (1) patients with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2-positive livers (n = 5 for transcriptomics and n = 6 for proteomics); (2) patients with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV2-negative livers (n = 5 for transcriptomics and proteomics) to account for the systemic effect of COVID-19; and (3)…”
MethodSelf-citationThe choroid plexus synergizes with immune cells during neuroinflammation
Xu, H., Lotfy, P., Gelb, S., Pragana, A., Hehnly, C., Byer, L. I. J., Shipley, F. B., Zawadzki, M. E., Cui, J., Deng, L., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.002 · Cited by 175
Golmai, P., Larsen, C. P., DeVita, M. V., Wahl, S. J., Weins, A., Rennke, H. G., Bijol, V., & Rosenstock, J. L. (2020) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2020050683 · Cited by 156
What can we learn from brain autopsies in COVID-19?
Mukerji, S. S., & Solomon, I. H. (2020) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135528 · Cited by 160
Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms
Neumann, B., Schmidbauer, M. L., Dimitriadis, K., Otto, S., Knier, B., Niesen, W.-D., Hosp, J. A., Günther, A., Lindemann, S., Nagy, G., et al. (2020) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.117090 · Cited by 155
TMEM106B is a receptor mediating ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 cell entry
Baggen, J., Jacquemyn, M., Persoons, L., Vanstreels, E., Pye, V. E., Wrobel, A. G., Calvaresi, V., Martin, S. R., Roustan, C., Cronin, N., et al. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.005 · Cited by 159
“Recombinant ACE2 ectodomain and Wuhan-Hu-1 SARS-CoV-2 S1(1-530) were described previously.”
Immune responses during COVID-19 infection
Melenotte, C., Silvin, A., Goubet, A., Lahmar, I., Dubuisson, A., Zumla, A. I., Raoult, D., Merad-Boudia, M., Gachot, B., Henon, C., et al. (2020) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2020.1807836 · Cited by 167
Günther, T., Czech‐Sioli, M., Indenbirken, D., Robitaille, A., Tenhaken, P., Exner, M., Ottinger, M., Fischer, N., Grundhoff, A. T., & Brinkmann, M. M. (2020) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.202013296 · Cited by 196
“SARS-CoV-2 qPCR was performed as described (Corman & Drosten, 2020; Puelles et al, 2020).”
MethodFlattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies
Market, M., Angka, L., Martel, A. B., Bastin, D. J., Olanubi, O., Tennakoon, G., Boucher, D. M., Ng, J., Ardolino, M., & Auer, R. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01512 · Cited by 158
Janosevic, D., Myslinski, J., McCarthy, T. W., Zollman, A., Syed, F., Xuei, X., Gao, H., Liu, Y., Collins, K. S., Cheng, Y., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.62270 · Cited by 149
Chinese herbal medicine: Fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection on all fronts
Wang, Z., & Yang, L. (2021) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.113869 · Cited by 157
Effect of COVID-19 on the Organs
Jain, U. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.9540 · Cited by 165
COVID ‐19: immunopathology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment options
van Eijk, L. E., Binkhorst, M., Bourgonje, A. R., Offringa, A. K., Mulder, D. J., Bos, E. M., Kolundžić, N., Abdulle, A. E., van der Voort, P. H. J., Rikkert, M. G. M. O., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.5642 · Cited by 156
Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary Manifestations
Thakur, V., Ratho, R. K., Kumar, P., Bhatia, S. K., Bora, I., Mohi, G. K., Saxena, S. K., Devi, M., Yadav, D., & Mehariya, S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10030446 · Cited by 147
“[67] quantified the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in autopsy tissue samples obtained from 22 COVID19 positive deceased patients; 17 (77%) had more than two coexisting conditions, which was associated with SARS-CoV-2 tropisms for the kidneys, even in patients without a history of chronic kidney disease.”
BackgroundHyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology
Ribeiro, D. E., Oliveira-Giacomelli, Á., Glaser, T., Arnaud-Sampaio, V. F., Andrejew, R., Dieckmann, L., Baranova, J., Lameu, C., Ratajczak, M. Z., & Ulrich, H. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00965-3 · Cited by 145
Insights into disparities observed with COVID‐19
Carethers, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13199 · Cited by 156
A cohort autopsy study defines COVID-19 systemic pathogenesis
Yao, X.-H., Luo, T., Shi, Y., He, Z.-C., Tang, R., Zhang, P.-P., Cai, J., Zhou, X.-D., Jiang, D., Fei, X., et al. (2021) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-021-00523-8 · Cited by 148
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome as a sequela of COVID-19
Ormiston, C. K., Świątkiewicz, I., & Taub, P. R. (2022) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.07.014 · Cited by 154
Tunneling nanotubes provide a route for SARS-CoV-2 spreading
Pepe, A., Pietropaoli, S., Vos, M. R. J., Spaeth, G. B., & Zurzolo, C. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abo0171 · Cited by 144
De Novo ANCA-Associated Vasculitis With Glomerulonephritis in COVID-19
Uppal, N. N., Kello, N., Shah, H. H., Khanin, Y., Oleo, I. R. D., Epstein, E., Sharma, P., Larsen, C. P., Bijol, V., & Jhaveri, K. D. (2020) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2020.08.012 · Cited by 144
Correlates of critical illness-related encephalopathy predominate postmortem COVID-19 neuropathology
Deigendesch, N., Sironi, L., Kutza, M., Wischnewski, S., Fuchs, V., Hench, J., Frank, A., Nienhold, R., Mertz, K. D., Cathomas, G., et al. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-020-02213-y · Cited by 142
“In addition to the lung, various other organs such as kidneys, gut, and heart can be affected [13, 20, 25].”
BackgroundCOVID-19 and the Kidneys: An Update
Benedetti, C., Waldman, M. A., Zaza, G., Riella, L. V., & Cravedi, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00423 · Cited by 145
“(61) showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and proteins in all kidney areas, especially in glomerular cells in autopsies of three of six COVID-19 patients.”
BackgroundA distinct innate immune signature marks progression from mild to severe COVID-19
Chevrier, S., Zurbuchen, Y., Cervia, C., Adamo, S., Raeber, M. E., de Souza, N., Sivapatham, S., Jacobs, A., Bächli, E., Rudiger, A., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100166 · Cited by 136
“This virus shows a tropism for cells expressing the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which serves as an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 into cells of the respiratory tract, kidneys, liver, heart, brain, and blood vessels.(5) Upon infection of epithelial cells, pattern recognition receptors that sense viral RNA initiate…”
Kaul, D. R., Valesano, A. L., Petrie, J. G., Sagana, R. L., Lyu, D. M., Lin, J., Stoneman, E. K., Smith, L. M., Lephart, P., & Lauring, A. S. (2021) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.16532 · Cited by 138
Jacobs, J. L., Bain, W., Naqvi, A., Staines, B., Castanha, P. M. S., Yang, H., Boltz, V. F., Barratt‐Boyes, S. M., Marques, E. T. A., Mitchell, S. L., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab686 · Cited by 137
“Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the gastrointestinal tract, endothelium and central nervous system implicates extrapulmonary dissemination as an important contributor to disease manifestations severity [4-12].”
BackgroundRando, H. M., Bennett, T. D., Byrd, J. B., Bramante, C. T., Callahan, T. J., Chute, C. G., Davis, H., Deer, R., Gagnier, J. J., Koraishy, F. M., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.20.21253896 · Cited by 149
Cell-free DNA maps COVID-19 tissue injury and risk of death and can cause tissue injury
Andargie, T. E., Tsuji, T., Seifuddin, F., Jang, M. K., Yuen, P. S. T., Kong, H., Tunc, I., Singh, K., Charya, A. V., Wilkins, K. J., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.147610 · Cited by 131
“the predominant locus of serious SARS-CoV-2 infections, multiple organs and tissues can become involved (3, 4), including widespread damage to the vasculature, heart, kidney, and other organs (5, 6).”
BackgroundSantos, A., Magro, D. O., Poderoso, R. E., & Saad, M. J. A. (2021) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-021-00639-2 · Cited by 143
“In addition to upper and lower airways, SARS-CoV-2 also has tropism to renal [5, 6], myocardial [7], neurologic and gastrointestinal [8] tissues, associated with expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in these tissues [9– 11], suggesting that direct viral tissue damage may occur in these tissues.”
BackgroundNeurological complications and infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2
Wan, D., Du, T., Hong, W., Chen, L., Que, H., Lu, S., & Peng, X. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00818-7 · Cited by 140
“Although only a small number of COVID-19 patients have been shown to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 in blood, it suggests that the virus reaches the bloodstream and possibly infects other organs, like the brain.(177) Once the virus has gained access to the bloodstream, it can rapidly infect the endothelial cells in the va…”
BackgroundSelf-citationTiwari, S. K., Wang, S., Smith, D. M., Carlin, A. F., & Rana, T. M. (2021) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.005 · Cited by 136
“Due to the permissiveness of viral infection in various tissues, SARS-CoV-2 could lead to multiorgan failure and death (Puelles et al., 2020).”
de Vries, M., Mohamed, A., Prescott, R. A., Valero-Jimenez, A. M., Desvignes, L., O’Connor, R., Steppan, C. M., Devlin, J. C., Ivanova, E. N., Herrera, A. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01819-20 · Cited by 137
“Our combined results demonstrate that MDR1 function does not impact PF-00835231 efficacy in our model systems, and it is expressed at very low levels in airway epithelial cells, which are the major sites of SARS-CoV-2 replication (17, 18, 44, 45).”
BackgroundBaig, A. M., & Sanders, E. C. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26105 · Cited by 138
Pathophysiology and Pathology of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With COVID-19
Ng, J. H., Bijol, V., Sparks, M. A., Sise, M. E., Izzedine, H., & Jhaveri, K. D. (2020) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2020.09.003 · Cited by 134
“The authors report positive results by in situ hybridization and indirect immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy.(71) In another series from Belgium, the authors found transmission electron microscopy identified particles resembling coronaviruses in vacuoles or cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in proximal t…”
Severe COVID-19 and aging: are monocytes the key?
Pence, B. D. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00213-0 · Cited by 137
“Indeed, a recent study of autopsy samples from 27 patients with fatal COVID-19 reports widely disseminated virus detectable in the brain, heart, kidneys, and other organs (Puelles et al. 2020), demonstrating the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to directly cause pathogenesis outside the pulmonary system.”
BackgroundGarcia, G., Sharma, A., Ramaiah, A., Sen, C., Purkayastha, A., Kohn, D. B., Parcells, M. S., Beck, S., Kim, H., Bakowski, M. A., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108940 · Cited by 133
Alexopoulos, H., Magira, E., Bitzogli, K., Kafasi, N., Vlachoyiannopoulos, P., Tzioufas, A., Kotanidou, A., & Dalakas, M. C. (2020) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000893 · Cited by 131
“The CSF was also tested for (1) SARS-CoV-2 genetic determination with PCR; (2) autoimmune encephalitis autoantibodies, including antiNMDAr, AMPAr, GABAbr, CASPR2, DPPX, and LGI1, using a cell-based assay (Euroimmun); and (3) for 14-3-3 protein, a marker of neurodegeneration, using Western Blot and an anti-14-3-3 polyc…”
MethodSpectrum of Neurological Manifestations in Covid-19: A Review
Garg, R. K. (2020) · Neurology India · doi:10.4103/0028-3886.289000 · Cited by 135
Fedele, D., Francesco, A. D., Riso, S., & Collo, A. (2020) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.111016 · Cited by 138
“Extra-respiratory manifestations are frequent, and can include cardiac complications; renal dysfunction; and gastrointestinal, neurologic, and hematologic abnormalities [6], as SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to penetrate different organs, including the lungs, pharynx, heart, kidneys, liver, and brain [7].”
BackgroundPhosphatidylserine receptors enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection
Bohan, D., Ert, H. A. V., Ruggio, N., Rogers, K. J., Badreddine, M., Aguilar-Briseño, J. A., Elliff, J. M., Chávez, R. A. R., Gao, B., Stokowy, T., et al. (2021) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009743 · Cited by 132
“Thus, it is likely a role for AXL in SARS-CoV-2 infection is not only relevant to lung cell populations, but ACE2-expressing tissues suspected to be affected by COVID-19 such as the heart and kidneys [51,52].”
BackgroundHistopathology and Ultrastructural Findings of Fatal COVID-19 Infections on Testis
Achua, J. K., Chu, K. Y., Ibrahim, E., Khodamoradi, K., Delma, K. S., Iakymenko, O. A., Kryvenko, O. N., Arora, H., & Ramasamy, R. (2020) · The World Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.5534/wjmh.200170 · Cited by 129
“Studies have shown the potential risk of COVID-19 impacting and damaging other organs that express ACE-2 receptors, including the heart, kidneys, bladder, oral cavity, esophagus, and ileum [9,11,12].”
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 viremia is associated with distinct proteomic pathways and predicts COVID-19 outcomes
Li, Y., Schneider, A. M., Mehta, A., Sade-Feldman, M., Kays, K. R., Gentili, M., Charland, N. C., Gonye, A. L. K., Gushterova, I., Khanna, H. K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci148635 · Cited by 130
Xia, P., Wen, Y., Duan, Y., Su, H., Cao, W., Xiao, M., Ma, J., Zhou, Y., Chen, G., Jiang, W., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2020040426 · Cited by 126
Invasive Fungal Disease Complicating Coronavirus Disease 2019: When It Rains, It Spores
Hoenigl, M. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1342 · Cited by 126
“EDITORIAL COMMENTARY • cid 2021:73 (1 October) • e1647 [45].”
Soluble Urokinase Receptor (SuPAR) in COVID-19–Related AKI
Azam, T. U., Shadid, H. R., Blakely, P. K., O’Hayer, P., Berlin, H. P., Pan, M. M., Zhao, P., Zhao, L., Pennathur, S., Pop‐Busui, R., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2020060829 · Cited by 126
COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Disease: Implications for the Gastroenterologist
Hunt, R. H., East, J. E., Lanas, Á., Malfertheiner, P., Satsangi, J. J., Scarpignato, C., & Webb, G. J. (2020) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000512152 · Cited by 126
Kong, W., Montaño, M., Corley, M. J., Helmy, E. W., Kobayashi, H., Kinisu, M., Suryawanshi, R. K., Luo, X., Royer, L. A., Roan, N. R., et al. (2022) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02308-22 · Cited by 134
COVID-19 and the kidney: what we think we know so far and what we don’t
Farouk, S. S., Fiaccadori, E., Cravedi, P., & Campbell, K. N. (2020) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-020-00789-y · Cited by 124
Weiss, A., Jellingsø, M., & Sommer, M. O. A. (2020) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102916 · Cited by 124
Acute encephalopathy with elevated CSF inflammatory markers as the initial presentation of COVID-19
Farhadian, S., Glick, L. R., Vogels, C. B. F., Thomas, J., Chiarella, J., Casanovas‐Massana, A., Zhou, J., Odio, C. D., Vijayakumar, P., Geng, B., et al. (2020) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01812-2 · Cited by 121
“More recent autopsy studies have detected low levels of SARSCoV-2 RNA in brain tissue in a subset (7 out of 22) of patients who died with COVID-19 [12].”
Fodor, A., Tiperciuc, B., Login, C., Orasan, O. H., Lazăr, A.-L., Buchman, C., Hanghicel, P., Sitar-Tăut, A., Suharoschi, R., Vulturar, R., et al. (2021) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2021/8671713 · Cited by 127
“Numerous postmortem histopathological examinations in patients who died of COVID-19 not only revealed the presence of endotheliitis in the key organs affected by SARS-CoV-2, but also demonstrated the presence of viral structures within the endothelial cells by electron microscopy [21, 25, 39, 40].”
BackgroundFu, E. L., Janse, R. J., de Jong, Y., van der Endt, V. H. W., Milders, J., van der Willik, E. M., de Rooij, E. N. M., Dekkers, O. M., Rotmans, J. I., & van Diepen, M. (2020) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfaa160 · Cited by 123
Salivary glands are a target for SARS‐CoV‐2: a source for saliva contamination
Matuck, B. F., Dolhnikoff, M., Duarte‐Neto, A. N., Maia, G., Gomes, S. C., Sendyk, D. I., Zarpellon, A., de Andrade, N. P., Monteiro, R. A. D. A., Pinho, J. R. R., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.5679 · Cited by 121
“The study of SARS-CoV-2 organotropism is important for understanding the disease’s pathogenesis and infection patterns [12].”
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“COVID-19 may present with mild to severe symptoms, the latter often associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), possibly complicated by multiple organ dysfunction.(1,2) Experimental and clinical evidence on nonCOVID-19 acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and ARDS supports the existence of venti…”
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe COVID-19
Shi, L., Wang, L., Xu, R., Zhang, C., Xie, Y., Liu, K., Li, T., Hu, W., Zhen, C., & Wang, F. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00754-6 · Cited by 124
Mitochondrial DNA and TLR9 activation contribute to SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial cell damage
Costa, T. J. D., Potje, S. R., Fraga‐Silva, T. F. D. C., da Silva-Neto, J. A., Barros, P. R., Rodrigues, D., Machado, M. R., Júnior, R. B. M., Eichler, R. A. D. S., Benatti, M. N., et al. (2021) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2021.106946 · Cited by 123
BCG vaccination provides protection against IAV but not SARS-CoV-2
Kaufmann, E., Khan, N., Tran, K. A., Ulndreaj, A., Pernet, E., Fontès, G., Lupien, A., Desmeules, P., McIntosh, F. A., Abow, A. A., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110502 · Cited by 114
Deinhardt‐Emmer, S., Wittschieber, D., Sanft, J., Kleemann, S., Elschner, S., Haupt, K. F., Vau, V., Häring, C., Rödel, J., Henke, A., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.60361 · Cited by 119
Metadata
- Authors
- Puelles, V. G., Lütgehetmann, M., Lindenmeyer, M. T., Sperhake, J. P., Wong, M. N., Allweiss, L., Chilla, S., Heinemann, A., Wanner, N., Liu, S., Braun, F., Lu, S., Pfefferle, S., Schröder, A. S., Edler, C., Gross, O., Glatzel, M., Wichmann, D., Wiech, T., Kluge, S., Pueschel, K., Aepfelbacher, M., & Huber, T. B.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Huber, Tobias B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2020-08-06
- Volume
- 383
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 590-592
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC7240771
- OpenAlex
- W3024126428
- Cited by
- 1,775
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 214 · 2022: 338 · 2021: 595 · 2020: 390
- FWCI
- 50.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, kidney, heart, liver, brain, autopsy findings, viral tissue distribution
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Autopsy, Brain, Female, Heart, Humans, Kidney, Liver, Lung, Male, Middle Aged, Pharynx, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Viral Load, Viral Tropism, Pandemics
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