Two routes to emotional memory: Distinct neural processes for valence and arousal

“…that increased levels of activation of the medial prefrontal cortex (Murty et al., 2010) and functional connectivity (Berkers et al., 2016; Kensinger & Corkin, 2004) between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and medial temporal lobe (MTL; amygdala and hippocampus) are associated with…”

“This disassociation also affects memory, where stimuli that produce negative valence are better remembered than neutral stimuli (Kensinger & Corkin, 2004).”

“This research provided evidence that interactions between the amygdala and hippocampus support the encoding of high-arousal emotional experiences but not of lower-arousal ones (Kensinger and Corkin, 2004).”

“Previous studies have also reported a distinction in recruitment of brain networks as a function of arousal and valence (Kensinger and Corkin, 2004).”

“In the emotional memory processing, the amygdala–hippocampus network has been shown to be critical in emotional memory for items that arouse emotion, and the PFC–hippocampus network has been shown to support enhancement for negative items that did not arouse emotion [25].”

“There is a debate in 44 the emotion literature as to whether it is the valence of negative stimuli that influences memory (e.g., Kensinger & Corkin, 2004) or whether it is the arousal of the negative stimuli that influences memory (Hamann, 2001; Kensinger & Corkin, 2004; McGaugh, 2004; McGaugh &…”

“…typically made between emotionally arousing and neutral stimuli, some research suggests that valence may contribute as well, although positive and negative emotion may produce enhancements by route 3 of different encoding processes (Kensinger, 2009; Kensinger & Corkin, 2004; LaBar & Cabeza, 2006).”

“Valence and arousal independently increase the remembering of stimuli and trigger different activation in the brain (5).”

“Arousal is further associated with enhanced memory retention (Kensinger & Corkin, 2004; Sharot & Phelps, 2004), and positive arousal, but not negative arousal, enhances preferences for giving and increases donations (Genevsky et al., 2013).”

“Further, stimulus arousal level (i.e., emotional intensity evident in physiological response) impacts neural activity (Kensinger & Corkin, 2004; Hamann, Ely, Grafton, & Kilts, 1999) and memory performance (Nielson & Powless, 2007; Buchanan, Etzel, Adolphs, & Tranel, 2006; for a review, see Mather &…”

“…attentional resources during encoding, e.g. by means of divided attention manipulations, is not detrimental to the retention of negative arousing material, suggesting that attentional capture outweighs potentially diverting effects (Kensinger & Corkin, 2004; Kern, Libkuman, Otani, & Holmes, 2005).”

“In this paper, I begin by reviewing research regarding the effect of emotion on item memory (Christianson & Loftus, 1991; Kensinger, 2004; Kensinger & Corkin, 2004; Sharot & Yonelinas, 2007; Talmi & Moscovitch, 2004), associative memory (Guillet & Arndt, 2009; Jones, O’Gorman, Byrne, 1987; Mather,…”

“…revealed correlations between the strength of activity in the amygdala and in the hippocampus during the processing of emotional information, (e.g., Kensinger & Corkin, 2004), and the strength of these correlations appears to correspond with the magnitude of the emotional memory enhancement…”

“PTSD 患者情绪记忆优势行为研究方面, 自 由回忆及再认测试两类范式最为常用 (Brewin, 2011; Brewin, Kleiner, Vasterling, & Field, 2007)。 然而, 无论采用自由回忆还是再认范式, PTSD患 者情绪记忆优势的研究结果却并不完全一致。大 部分研究发现 PTSD 患者对情绪刺激的记忆成绩 好于中性刺激 (e.g. Brewin, 2011; Dolan, 2002; Michael, Ehlers, & Halligan, 2005; Moradi, Taghavi, Neshat-Doost, Yule, & Dalgleish, 2000; Paunovic, Lundh…”