Primary cilia mediate mechanosensing in bone cells by a calcium-independent mechanism
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Primary cilia are sensory organelles that translate extracellular chemical and mechanical cues into cellular responses. Bone is an exquisitely mechanosensitive organ, and its homeostasis depends on the ability of bone cells to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. One such stimulus is dynamic fluid flow, which triggers biochemical and transcriptional changes in bone cells by an unknown mechanism. Here we report that bone cells possess primary cilia that project from the cell surface and deflect during fluid flow and that these primary cilia are required for osteogenic and bone resorptive responses to dynamic fluid flow. We also show that, unlike in kidney cells, primary cilia in bone translate fluid flow into cellular responses in bone cells independently of Ca 2+ flux and stretch-activated ion channels. These results suggest that primary cilia might regulate homeostasis in diverse tissues by allowing mechanical signals to alter cellular activity via tissue-specific pathways. Our identification of a mechanism for mechanotransduction in bone could lead to therapeutic approaches for combating bone loss due to osteoporosis and disuse.
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Osteocytes might sense FFSS through collagen hillocks, β3 and β1 integrins, primary cilia, connexin43, and mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1.
“Osteocytes might sense FFSS through 1. “collagen hillocks”, which are collagen matrix projections in osteocyte canaliculi that directly link the matrix to osteocyte dendrites;29 2. β3 and β1 integrins, which participate to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) complex formation in osteocyte dendritic projections;30 3. primary cilia, which have a flow-sensing function that leads to increased osteoprotegerin”
From Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
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- GC Reilly, TR Haut, CE Yellowley, HJ Donahue, CR Jacobs Biorheology 40, 591–603 (2003).
- 10.1097/00006534-200301000-00037 · DOI
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- Authors
- Malone, A. M. D., Anderson, C. T., Tummala, P., Kwon, R. Y., Johnston, T. R., Stearns, T., & Jacobs, C. R.
- Affiliations
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2007-08-14
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 33
- Pages
- 13325-13330
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC1939687
- OpenAlex
- W2104440688
- Semantic Scholar
- f451262cfba816230b82b3b56064b900c1cc691a
- Cited by
- 477
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 15.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2008-01-15)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Missouri
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM052022)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR-45989, R01AR045989)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- primary cilia, mechanosensing, mechanotransduction, bone cells, fluid flow, osteogenic differentiation, bone resorption, calcium-independent signaling, stretch-activated channels, bone homeostasis, osteoporosis, disuse bone loss
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Calcium, Cilia, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Osteoblasts, Blotting, Western, 3T3 Cells, DNA Primers, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, TRPP Cation Channels, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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