A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas

“…systems, placing equal importance on ecological and human domains (Berkes and Folke, 1998; Berkes, 2003; McClanahan et al., 2008a,b; Ostrom, 2007; Wilson, 2006), and recognizing that these systems are intrinsically linked through a variety of feedback mechanisms (Kittinger et al.,…”

“, social capital) long known to be essential for institutional flexibility in the face of environmental change (9, 21, 63, 64).”

“…[Heyman and Ariely, 2004; Shampanier et al., 2007; Ariely et al., 2009], of the chronic tension between individual self-interest and collective priorities [e.g., Ostrom, 2000], and of the enduring importance of perceptions such as fairness, trust, and entitlement [e.g., Beierle and Konisky, 2000].”

“…standpoints and levels of analysis (local versus international) the leading environmental governance scholars Elinor Ostrom and Oran Young have always embraced complexity and acknowledged the importance of self-organizing processes in governance systems (Ostrom 2005, 2007; Young 2010, 2013).”

“The following is motivated by the multitier socioecological framework presented by Ostrom (2007), which provides us, like a guide, with a systematic classification of ecological and social information needed to understand complex systems of natural resource governance.”

“…of systems involving people and natural resources than focusing only on unidirectional relationships, e.g., the human impacts on nature, ecosystem services, and so forth, or on single-component effects, e.g., biological or socioeconomic impacts on fish stocks (Ostrom 2007, Liu et al. 2015).”

“It is unrealistic to expect to develop standardized metrics that can adequately measure the effects of conservation on drivers and constituents of well-being in a range of locations without consideration of local contexts (Agardy et al. 2003; Ostrom 2007; Mackinnon 2008).”

“Building on Governing the Commons, an entire school studying the commons has emerged (Ostrom 1998, 2007, 2009, Cox et al. 2010, Poteete et al. 2010; https://iasc-commons.org/).”

“Second, the design principle actions could be further developed and incorporated within the framework for analyzing a social–ecological system (E. Ostrom, 2007).”

“The framework enables analyses of how attributes of the four core subsystems both affect and are affected by interactions and outcomes via feedbacks at a particular time and place (Ostrom 2007).”

“One prominent effort at developing a framework to analyze SESs in the context of local communities sharing a common resource has been taken by Ostrom and colleagues (Ostrom 2007, 2009, McGinnis and Ostrom 2014).”

“While there is no fixed set of governance institutions that are appropriate to effectively govern resources (Ostrom 2007, Andersson and Ostrom 2008), CBC institutions are often exemplified by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), private individuals, and layers of government that represent,…”

“They see environmental problems as emerging from a complex network of interacting actors; social, political, economic, and biophysical factors; and human governance systems (Young 2002, 2008, Ostrom 2007).”

“Notwithstanding explicit warnings that policy solutions found in particular contexts do not constitute panaceas (Ostrom, 2007), conditions for the emergence and robustness of self-governance are often interpreted as necessary conditions or ‘‘blueprints’’ (i.”

“The variable “resource unit mobility” (RU1), for example, is important because mobile resource units such as fish present challenges in establishing ownership, responsibility, and accountability in resource use, which in turn increases the likelihood of overexploitation (Ostrom 2007).”

“critical assessment of prior resource management practices (Acheson, 2006; Ostrom, 2007) with arguments directing resource management towards sustainability.”

“Like most policy tools for sustainable use of natural resources, we shouldnot expect any single instrument to be effective in all instances (1).”

“Prominent examples are the Social-Ecological Systems Framework (Ostrom 2007, 2009) and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2003), which included and popularized the Ecosystem Services concept.”

“Informationsharing among organizations is shaped by an existing set of formal and informal institutional structures and governance arrangements that determine the capacity for collective responses to ES degradation problems (Uitto, 1997; Koiman, 1999; Hodge, 2001; Ostrom, 2007).”

“Marwel and Ostrom, Gardner and Walker (1994) for the case of common-pool resources, are probably the most significant seminal works that generated a stream of experimental variations to understand the behavioral and institutional foundations of why would people, despite the clear incentives to free-ride, engage in coo…”

“Broader frameworks for institutional analysis, which often focus on socio-ecological systems (e.g. Folke et al., 2005; Ostrom, 2005, 2007, 2009), also claim – like Gupta et al. (2010) – to be applicable in various institutional settings, but are not focusing – like Gupta et al. (2010) – on climate…”

“(c) Input variables We used Ostrom’s social–ecological systems governance framework [21,22] to collect and analyse important social, institutional and ecological attributes of our case studies.”

“Key Words: dynamic modeling; model development; SES framework; social-ecological modeling; social-ecological processes”

“Based in the literature on institutional diagnostics (2, 4, 159, 160), toolkits would not replace existing comprehensive approaches, but would be complementary and could be used in situations where the panacea”

“This broad set of variables and outcomes might affect and be affected by the larger socioeconomic, political and ecological setting in which they are embedded (Ostrom, 2007).”

“As a growing number of factors at multiple spatial scales influence land use and land cover, and as these factors interact in chain-linked or nested ways (Hurni 1996), they produce dissimilar land cover/use outcomes and thereby reinforcing the uniqueness of any local context (Ostrom 2007; Turner et al. 2007).”

“2009); and (3) framing governance in the context of a complex adaptive systems approach and dynamics of cross-scale and cross-level interactions (Dietz et al. 2003; Lemos and Agrawal 2006; Cash et al. 2006; Folke 2007; Ostrom 2007).”

“Panaceas do not exist for complex problems in social– ecological systems (Ostrom 2007), including systems where humans and wildlife share landscapes.”

“E. Ostrom has referred to this singular focus on rather general ideas for governing social dilemmas as panacea thinking, and has called for the academics and practitioners alike to move beyond it (Ostrom et al., 2007; Ostrom, 2010) and has proposed a framework for doing so (Ostrom, 2007).”

“In a recent paper, Ostrom argued against the common presumption that one can ‘‘make simple, predictive models of social–ecological systems (SESs) and deduce universal solutions, panaceas, to problems of overuse or destruction of resources’’ (Ostrom, 2007).”

“5 The Social Ecological Systems (SES) and Governing Knowledge Commons (GKC) Frameworks build upon the IAD framework (Ostrom 2007; Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg 2014).”

“…has evolved in parallel with many closely related concepts similar to or parts of CHANS, including coupled natural and human (CNH) systems, human–environment systems (Turner et al. 2003), social–ecological systems (SES; Ostrom 2007), and social–environmental systems (Eakin and Luers 2006).”

“Following Douglas (2012), it is an informal settlement as a whole, not the individual UGS within it, which should be regarded as a ‘patch’ - the bottom level unit of what Ostrom (2007) defines as socio-ecological systems (SES).”

“z2;tþ1 1⁄4 s5s2 h μ · y2;t þ ð1−hÞz2;t i ; [5]”

“As above, successful cases also differ in some key variables reiterating the absence of panacea or one-size-fits-all solutions to environmental governance (Ostrom 2007).”

“Using a series of case studies, we identify key strategies that may be successfully employed in other regions, highlight challenges in undertaking this research, and note productive and strategic future directions for adaptation studies in marine hotspots.”

“Whereas scholars from the Bloomington School have studied variables that represent power distribution such as the socioeconomic attributes of actors and knowledge of social-ecological systems (SES) (Ostrom 2007), they have not explicitly considered power as a variable of interest.”

“2010) and simple policy panaceas are ill-advised (Ostrom 2007).”

“These systems relate outcomes (which can also be outcomes of health and wellbeing) to systemic interactions, which are primarily influenced by resources, governance and users in a given social, economic and political setting and related ecosystems as part of ‘New institutional economics’ [42].”

“But translating empirical evidence of elements associated with institutional success into effective forest policies and implementation remains a substantial challenge (Agrawal 2007; Ostrom 2007).”

“8 markings are other notable attributes that will influence governance [55].”

“Our conceptualization of SESs has been inspired by a framework proposed by Ostrom (2007, 2009).”

“Land use is then the result of this complex human-ecosystem interaction which is described as social-ecological system (SES; Ostrom 2007).”

“…into panacea traps due to incorrect assumptions; notably that all resource governance problems can be represented by a small set of simple models and that most resource users have the same preferences and perceptions (del Mar Delgado-Serrano and Ramos, 2015; Ostrom, 2007; Ostrom et al., 2007).”

“As E. Ostrom (2007) warned, however, there are no panacea governance arrangements that work at all times in all places.”

“[102, 108]), there are few if any ‘one size fits all’ approaches.”

“Building on this theoretical framework, a social–ecological perspective should therefore help to design, structure, and implement more holistic and systematic assessments of protected area effectiveness (Ostrom 2007, Cumming and Allen 2017, Mascia et al.”

“1 can be characterised in more detail by decomposing them into sub-categories so that lower-tier variables are sub-classes of higher-tier variables (Ostrom 2007).”

“…by the application of systemic approaches (Leischow et al., 2008), which are sensitive of social and environmental contexts and which understand health as a “quantitative and qualitative interaction and outcome process in socialeecological systems” (Zinstag et al., 2011, p. 153; Ostrom, 2007).”

“First elaborated in E. Ostrom (2007), the SES framework seeks to identify components of and interactions between resource systems, resource units, actors, and governance systems in producing social-ecological outcomes (McGinnis & Ostrom, 2014).”

“Although some SES frameworks are designed to diagnose opportunities and obstacles for increasing sustainability (Ostrom 2007), it is not clear whether SES articles with both ecological and social variables are more likely to make recommendations.”

“Scale and context are of great importance here as panaceas are rarely effective in environmental governance (Ostrom, 2007; Young et al., 2018).”

“Ostrom (2007, 2009) proposed a framework to analyse the sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems (SES) that integrated the efforts of many scholars over years to develop an integrative and multidisciplinary approach to understand complex interactions within different systems and scales around…”

“While there is no panacea for resource allocation conflicts (Ostrom, 2007), nor is there a utopian path toward resource sustainability, the normative concept of governance is useful as it emphasizes state and non-state processes for negotiating tradeoffs and resolving conflicting demands on…”

“This complexity and interconnectedness would argue against the highly simplified approaches to environmental and development policy analysis that have persisted in scholarship and practice (Ostrom 2007).”

“The aim of this paper is to provide meaningful insights for improving the understanding about the relations between broader context variables (Ostrom, 2007, 2009; Poteete et al., 2010), and individual and collective behavior as consequence or cause of rules in artisanal fishery systems.”

“…face of uncertainty, drawing especially on the body of work associated with the resilience approach (Gunderson and Holling 2002, Berkes et al. 2003, Walker and Salt 2006, 2012, Westley et al. 2006, Armitage et al. 2007, Ostrom 2007, Norberg and Cumming 2008, Chapin et al. 2009, Biggs et al. 2015).”

“Sustainability, however, hinges on the feedbacks and balances between social and ecological systems, and should be investigated with a holistic framework (Ostrom, 2007).”

“…differences in technology, motivations and identity – for example, as members of a coherent place-based community, as ‘‘roving bandits” (Berkes et al., 2006), or as participants in a mobile, but well-regulated industrial fishery (Ostrom, 2007; Chuenpagdee and Jentoft, 2009; Ommer et al., 2009).”