A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas

“This multiple-benefits perspective, although powerful from the standpoint of gaining funding and support, can fuel a cycle of optimism and disenchantment as successive supposed panaceas fail to fulfil their promise (Brosius & Russell 2003; Ostrom 2007; Redford & Adams 2009).”

“In her later work, Ostrom made an attempt to move in this direction and suggested organising variables of interest in the study of SES in a nested, multi-tier framework (Ostrom 2007, 2009).”

“…criteria of Pickett, Jones, & Kolasa, 2007), although a number of elements of SES-related theory can be identified from the recent literature and some promising theory-oriented frameworks are emerging (e.g., Holling, 2001; Norberg & Cumming, 2008; Ostrom, 2007; Waltner-Toews, Kay, & Lister, 2008).”

“This case study uses a diagnostic approach and supports the argument that one-size-fits-all or panaceas to adaptation planning are unlikely to succeed [44,45].”

“To counter this, there is need for: i) comprehensive analytical frameworks, ii) meta-databases to document qualitative data and data derived from small samples of case-study sites and, iii) large-N field-based studies (Meinzen-Dick, 2007; Ostrom, 2007; Poteete and Ostrom, 2008).”

“Drawing on interdisciplinary studies of crises and change in complex and interacting social-ecological systems (Ostrom, 2007), and organizational theory and political decision-making studies (Boin et al., 2005; Smith and Elliott, 2006).”

“Governance is defined as the structures and processes by which people in societies make decisions and share power (Folke et al. 2005, Lebel et al. 2006, Winter 2006, Ostrom 2007).”

“Wollenberg E, Merino L, Agrawal A, Ostrom E: Fourteen years of monitoring community-managed forests: learning from IFRIs experience.”

“, 1996) or in communities (Eriksen and Silva, 2009), the resilience approach, highlights the connections and interactions within social–ecological systems and between subsystems (Duit et al., 2010; Ostrom, 2007).”

“190 It provides researchers an analytical tool with which to capture, organize and analyze a diverse 191 set of social and ecological variables that are considered relevant for a particular aspect of a 192 system (Ostrom 2007, Poteete et al. 2009).”

“…2011); (3) the development of a shared understanding and toolbox of elements and processes operating on lower levels of abstraction (e.g., increasing returns to scale, diffusion of innovations) to guide model design processes and to make models comparable (cf. Ostrom, 2007; Holtz, 2011, 2012).”

“Without such appreciation, scholars are likely to retreat behind recommendations of overly simplistic panaceas for ‘curing’ the tragedy of the commons (Ostrom 2007) leading to outcomes in some cases that destroy self-organized solutions that do not fit preconceived notions of an ‘optimal’ solution.”

“…area), (ii) the resource units generated by that system (e.g., fish, water, fodder), (iii) the users of that system, and (iv) the governance system jointly affect and are indirectly affected by interactions and resulting outcomes achieved at a particular time and place’ (Ostrom, 2007: 15182).”

“Scholars have noted that this tendency to rely on universal remedies is counterproductive (Ostrom, 2007).”

“Following Ostrom (2007, 2009), the ecological system consists of the resource system (or ecosystem) and the resource units (Fig.”

“for latest version see Daedlow, 2015), which by coincidence was presented at about the same time when the first version of Ostrom’s framework was published (Ostrom, 2007).”

“Ostrom (2007) provided a diagnostic framework for understanding the drivers of systems that have interactions across multiple scales.”

“…of coupled system renders the development of universal solutions to issues almost impossible, whereas decision-makers prefer solutions to be simple (Ostrom, 2007), and while the inclusion of complexities and interrelations in models is necessary, including a great deal of complexity can result in…”

“6 Countries sampled represent 70% of global forest area and 61% of global forest products trade, and include those with the highest deforestation rates (McDermott et al., 2009, 2010). to conserve and better manage forests (Agrawal et al., 2008; Ostrom, 2007; World Bank, 2008).”

“Ostrom E (2007) A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas.”

“While no single governance or management framework is likely to be appropriate under all circumstances (Nagendra, 2007), there is currently a tendency for single, generalised solutions to be prescribed based on simple system models (Ostrom et al., 2007; Ostrom, 2007 ).”

“The SES approach has been linked with institutional analysis (e.g., Ostrom, 2007, 2009), governance transformations (e.g., Ayers and Kittinger, 2014) and supporting decision-making in applied coastal management and policy (e.g., Schlüter et al., 2013; Forrester et al., 2014; LópezAngarita et al.,…”

“…of systems are present in a landscape, as different configurations of societal interactions with nature are characterized by different resource use patterns, human well-being outcomes, development trajectories, and potentials for environmental traps or collapse (Cumming et al., 2014; Ostrom, 2007).”

“Ostrom (2007) and her colleagues (Anderies et al., 2003) proposed a diagnostic framework to study ‘‘complex, multivariable, nonlinear, cross-scale, and changing socio-ecological systems.’’”

“…the lobster industry to flourish.1 This Article confronts the theoretical challenge of understanding the governance of what we refer to as constructed commons in the cultural environment, in which the resources to be produced, conserved, and consumed are not crustaceans but pieces of…”

“This abstraction leads to overgeneralisation of knowledge claims and to ineffective policy panaceas if crucial heterogeneity of contexts and processes is disregarded (Ostrom, 2007).”

“In terms of data collection and analysis, the majority of applications (69 percent) used qualitative methods, 20 percent were quantitative, and the remaining used mixed methods (Pierce et al.). Recent work by Reich and Barth (2010), apply the social construction framework to policies regarding in-state tuition for und…”

“Scholars include the economist Ostrom (1990, 2005, 2007) and sociologist Dietz and colleagues (2003) on institutional approaches to managing the commons, as well as the work of geographers who occupy the right side of the network and focus on issues of sustainability, adaptation, and vulnerability.”

“Ostrom argued for embracing complexity and developing better diagnostic methods to identify combinations of variables that affect the incentives and actions of actors under diverse governance systems (65) paving the way for polycentric governance (66, 67).”

“Without sensible policy guidance and WCPs, this desirable outcome is unlikely (Ostrom 2007).”

“…environmental variables, survey data that measured a psychological construct and information about valuation of nonmaterial values of nature, we engaged with multiple disciplines to bridge “the contemporary chasm separating biophysical and social science research” (Ostrom, 2007, p15186).”

“…the institutional design principles work with resilience theory (i.e. SES), rather than re-conceptualising or theorizing the institutional work (see Ostrom 2007; Ostrom and Cox 2010). projects with the assumption that rational actors influenced by constraints of resource institutions (enforced…”

“The Social – Ecological Systems Framework provides a general means to organise findings across scientific disciplines that use different concepts and languages to describe and explain social – ecological systems (Ostrom, 2007; 2009).”

“Unprecedented rates of social-environmental change and the urgent need to design effective strategies for sustainable development are driving demand for efforts to scale up case-based knowledge (Cox 2014, Verburg et al. 2015), but in contextsensitive ways (Ostrom 2007, Magliocca et al. 2018).”

“The scale and type of policies necessary for natural resource management may vary widely from one setting to another, calling for adaptive management approaches (Ostrom, 2007; Ostrom et al., 2007).”

“Also, no one approach is ideal in all circumstances (Ostrom 2007).”

“We describe the first application of the SES framework developed by Ostrom (2007, 2009) in an urban context, enabling us to assess the impact of the combination of nine different variables in determining the extent of collective action and positive environmental outcomes.”

“Ostrom (17) argues that in SES studies it is unlikely that a simple, universally applicable, predictive model exists due to the complexity of places (see also refs.”

“Therefore, no set of conservation tools will work effectively over a long period of time and across all cases [30].”

“Many examples of resilient SESs are based on work on common-pool resource (CPR) institutions [46–48].”

“, 2009b) These features render the metabolism approach predestined to study interrelations between decision-making, institutions, social, economic and political framework conditions, land-use change and biophysical flows, important for sustainability science's quest for sustainable solutions (Ostrom, 2007).”

“Importantly, Ostrom emphasises that there are no panaceas because different situations are complex and vary tremendously (Ostrom 2007).”

“We embed the causal relationships between PES and poverty/deforestation in Ostrom (2007)’s generic analytic framework for conservation dynamics.”

“The second shift requires a diagnostic approach to governance (Ostrom 2007).”

“Concurrently, the increased scientific recognition of the complex and adaptive nature of the human–environmental system has led to the development of new theoretical approaches based upon more dynamic and holistic models (Armitage, 2008; Liu et al., 2007; Ostrom, 2007).”

“Therefore, there is a strong case for building adaptive capacity into the governance of environmental problems [49,50].”

“Spatially, the nested system of local, national, and regional governing institutions described by Ostrom (2007), by which jurisdictional and political boundaries are determined, fits here.”

“In recognising the importance of this ‘‘real-world” context it is necessary to be cautious when attempting to transfer lessons learnt from conservation successes and failures in one part of the world to other regions that may have very different social and cultural characteristics (Ostrom, 2007).”

“In this contribution, we present how a tiered approach based on the Ostrom (2007) framework can be adapted for ES mapping: The different tiers are de fi ned according to how the considered variables affect ES interactions, ES supply and ES demand related to a speci fi c empirical or policy question…”

“T hey therefore require flexible approaches to suit the diversity o f contexts [8,9], Nevertheless, m anagem ent tends to focus on a lim ited set o f solutions such as capacity reductions, access and gear restrictions.”

“The field of sustainability science has since been advanced by the development of the social-ecological system framework [10] which couples human and environmental systems.”

“Whilst cross-scale linkages within social–ecological systems are at the core of the search for sustainability, solutions towards sustainability are context-specific [2], and relatively little insights from place-based social–ecological research are currently being used to inform and inspire global sustainability resea…”

“Interview questions followed a diagnostic approach, starting with broadly relevant questions and then continually refining them based on the information obtained (Ostrom 2007; Cox 2011).”

“Ostrom [99] recommended that the entry point of the analysis of each socio-ecological system be based on the question of major interest to the researcher, user, or policy maker.”

“However, in every case of local government described here, there is no inherent power at the community level, which is thought to undermine resilience (Berkes, 2009; Ostrom 2005, 2007, 2009).”

“We evaluated this hypothesis by developing a conceptual map for monitoring change in governance (see Ostrom 2007).”

“…like those prescribed by the diagnostic institutional analysis and development framework for analyzing socio-ecological systems developed by Ostrom (2007) or the FAO’s Land-Cover Classification System (Jansen and Di Gregorio 2002), would also facilitate cross-comparison and analysis of…”

“experiments in order to understand broader context and micro situational variables (Ostrom, 2007; Poteete et al., 2010).”

“Beyond the fact there are no panaceas when it comes to institutional design (Imperial 1999; Ostrom 2007; Bebbington and Bury 2009), institutions and their outcomes are also affected by issues of ‘‘fit,’’ i.e., how well institutions match the dynamics of social–ecological systems (Galaz et al.…”

“For decades, researchers have contended with how best to couple empirical data from the natural sciences with social science knowledge and data (Haberl et al. 2006, Ostrom 2007, 2009, Bodin and Tengo 2012, Schlüter et al. 2012, 2014).”

“Some frameworks are intended for application under specific conditions, such as Ostrom’s SES framework (Ostrom, 2007), while others are intended to be applicable across a wider range of conditions, such as the forest transition theory (Mather, 1992; Rudel et al., 2005).”