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Induction and regulatory function of miR-9 in human monocytes and neutrophils exposed to proinflammatory signals
Open accessAbstract
Inflammation involves a coordinated, sequential, and self limiting sequence of events controlled by positive and negative regulatory mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs), an evolutionarily conserved class of endogenous 22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs, contribute to the regulation of inflammation by repressing gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In this study, we characterize the profile of miRNAs induced by LPS in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes. In particular, we identify miR-9 as the only miRNA (among 365 analyzed) up-regulated in both cell types after TLR4 activation. miR-9 is also induced by TLR2 and TLR7/8 agonists and by the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, but not by IFNgamma. Among the 3 different genes encoding miR-9 precursors in humans, we show that LPS selectively induces the transcription of miR-9-1 located in the CROC4 locus, in a MyD88- and NF-kappaB-dependent manner. In PMN and monocytes, LPS regulates NFKB1 at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, and a conserved miR-9 seed sustained a miR-9-dependent inhibition of the NFKB1 transcript. Overall, these data suggest that TLR4-activated NF-kappaB rapidly increases the expression of miR-9 that operates a feedback control of the NF-kappaB-dependent responses by fine tuning the expression of a key member of the NF-kappaB family.
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“It was shown that NF-κB, upon its activation in response to LPS, initiates transcription of miR-9-1, which subsequently downregulates NF-κB [112].”
From MicroRNAs as Regulators of Phagocytosis (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
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Circulating inflamma-miRs in aging and age-related diseases
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MicroRNAs as Molecular Switches in Macrophage Activation
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“More recently, miR-322 was also reported as a negative regulator of NF-κB1 expression (110, 113).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA miR-19 regulon that controls NF-κB signaling
Gantier, M. P., Stunden, H. J., McCoy, C. E., Behlke, M. A., Wang, D., Kaparakis‐Liaskos, M., Sarvestani, S. T., Yang, Y. H., Xu, D., Corr, S. C., et al. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gks521 · Cited by 176
“For instance, miR-9 is canonically induced by NF-kB following Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation in human neutrophils and monocytes, and acts to repress NF-kB signaling through direct targeting of p50 mRNA (8).”
BackgroundInfluentialTLR2 Expression Is Regulated by MicroRNA miR-19 in Rheumatoid Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes
Philippe, L., Alsaleh, G., Suffert, G., Meyer, A., Georgel, P., Sibilia, J., Wachsmann, D., & Pfeffer, S. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1102348 · Cited by 178
MicroRNAs: Master Regulators of Ethanol Abuse and Toxicity?
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“For example, a recent report (Bazzoni et al., 2009) showed that miR9 was up-regulated in human neutrophils and monocytes, when stimulated by TLR4 or the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-a and interleukin-1b.”
BackgroundInhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease
Prescott, J. A., Mitchell, J. P., & Cook, S. J. (2021) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20210139 · Cited by 198
OmicsNet: a web-based tool for creation and visual analysis of biological networks in 3D space
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“Sp1 is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of Il-10 (44), a key effector in regulatory T cell response that mediates helminth-mediated immunoregulation (45), while the miRNA-9 family is involved in the regulation of the immune response (46,47).”
BackgroundEmerging Roles of microRNAs in Ischemic Stroke: As Possible Therapeutic Agents
Khoshnam, S. E., Winlow, W., Farbood, Y., Moghaddam, H. F., & Farzaneh, M. (2017) · Journal of Stroke · doi:10.5853/jos.2016.01368 · Cited by 156
The Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Infectious Disease
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MicroRNAs in inflammatory lung disease - master regulators or target practice?
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“miR-155, -146, -9 and -21 to name a few, which were shown to target SHIP1, IRAK1/TRAF6, NF- B1, and tumor suppressor PDCD4 respectively [54-57].”
Transcriptional firing helps to drive NETosis
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MiR-9 promotes microglial activation by targeting MCPIP1
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Microbiota Downregulates Dendritic Cell Expression of miR-10a, Which Targets IL-12/IL-23p40
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MicroRNA Dysregulation in the Spinal Cord following Traumatic Injury
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MicroRNAs in the immune response
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miRNAs reshape immunity and inflammatory responses in bacterial infection
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“Similarly, miR-9 is induced by TLR4 activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-jB) in polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes, and miR-9 is involved in inhibitory feedback at the level of NFKB1, a gene that contributes to NF-jB protein expression.(30) In addition to miR-146a and miR-9, miR-155 plays in integral role in the im…”
BackgroundInterplay Between Reactive Oxygen Species and MicroRNAs in Cancer
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“Human monocytes exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulate miRNA-146a (miR-146a) and miR-9, resulting in the downregulation of cytokines involved in the innate immune response (5, 54).”
BackgroundMicroRNA dysregulation in spinal cord injury: causes, consequences and therapeutics
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“In particular, downregulation of miR-9 and miR-199 (Yunta et al., 2012) may induce the overexpression of the NF-κB pathway genes p50NFkB and ikkb (Chen et al., 2008; Bazzoni et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2011).”
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MicroRNAs in the regulation of TLR and RIG-I pathways
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MicroRNA regulation of innate immune responses in epithelial cells
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“26 Additionally, LPS directly induces miR-9 expression via the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)/NF-kB-dependent pathway in human neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages”
BackgroundMicroRNAs as regulators of death receptors signaling
Garofalo, M., Condorelli, G. L., Croce, C. M., & Condorelli, G. (2009) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2009.105 · Cited by 121
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The emerging role of micro RNA s in regulating immune and inflammatory responses in the lung
Foster, P. S., Plank, M. W., Collison, A., Tay, H. L., Kaiko, G. E., Li, J., Johnston, S. L., Hansbro, P. M., Kumar, R. K., Yang, M., et al. (2013) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12058 · Cited by 110
“Let-7a 4 Up KBRAS2 Positive regulator of NF-jB signaling (25) Let-7e 4 Up TLR4 Negative regulator of TLR4 signaling (26) Mir-9 2, 4, 7, 8 Up NFKB1 Negative regulator of NF-jB signaling (14) Mir-21 4 Up PDCD4 Negative regulator of TLR4 signaling (6) Mir-125b 4 Down IRF4, KBRAS2 and TNF Positive regulation of TNF-a resp…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Bazzoni, F., Rossato, M., Fabbri, M., Gaudiosi, D., Mirolo, M., Mori, L., Tamassia, N., Mantovani, A., Cassatella, M. A., & Locati, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Verona (IT)
- Humanitas University (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-03-31
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 5282-5287
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2664036
- OpenAlex
- W2020932061
- Cited by
- 548
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 19.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fondazione Cariplo
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Verona Vicenza Belluno e Ancona
- Università degli Studi di Verona
- Alleanza Contro il Cancro
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Keywords
- miR-9, microRNA, monocytes, neutrophils, lipopolysaccharide, TLR4, TLR2, TLR7/8, NF-κB, NFKB1, MyD88, post-transcriptional regulation, inflammation, TNF-α, IL-1β, feedback regulation
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Monocytes, Neutrophils, Transcriptional Activation, Cytokines, NF-kappa B, Inflammation Mediators, Gene Expression Profiling, MicroRNAs, Toll-Like Receptors, Toll-Like Receptor 4
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