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Different amygdala subregions mediate valence-related and attentional effects of oxytocin in humans
Open accessAbstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin enhances the processing of positive social stimuli and improves the capacity to effectively attend the eye region of conspecifics. To investigate the neural basis of these effects, we combined intranasal oxytocin administration with high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging in a unique emotion classification task. Emotional faces were briefly presented while controlling for the initial fixation, and measuring subsequent eye movements. Oxytocin had differential effects on the activity of specific amygdala subregions. On the one hand, it attenuated activation in lateral and dorsal regions of the anterior amygdala for fearful faces but enhanced activity for happy expressions, thus indicating a shift of the processing focus toward positive social stimuli. On the other hand, oxytocin increased the likelihood of reflexive gaze shifts toward the eye region irrespective of the depicted emotional expression. This gazing pattern was related to an increase of activity in the posterior amygdala and an enhanced functional coupling of this region to the superior colliculi. Thus, different behavioral effects of oxytocin seem to be closely related its specific modulatory influence on subregions within the human amygdala.
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In the citing paper
“Functioning as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone, oxytocin's targets are widespread and include the hippocampus and the amygdala (10–12).”
From Oxytocin promotes human ethnocentrism (2011) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and the activity of amygdala subregions is also modulated by OXT (Gamer et al., 2010).”
From Oxytocin Modulates Social Distance between Males and Females (2012) · cites this paper as Gamer et al., 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These studies have repeatedly demonstrated decreased amygdala activation, which has been interpreted as a neural mechanism underlying oxytocin’s anxiolytic effects18,20,21.”
From Randomized clinical trial shows no substantial modulation of empathy-related neural activation by intranasal oxytocin in autism (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“This dose, administered intranasally, has been shown in nonhuman primates to increase OT levels in cerebrospinal fluid significantly (54) and to modulate social behavior (65), as well as to affect brain activity (66) and phasic activity of the parasympathetic nervous system (67) in humans.”
From Oxytocin under opioid antagonism leads to supralinear enhancement of social attention (2017) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“separate OXT-application studies in humans have indicated that there may be differential amygdala reactivity to fearful faces and fearful/threatening scenes in men (14, 15) and women (16, 17).”
From Oxytocin, the peptide that bonds the sexes also divides them (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Previous studies on amygdala responses to fearful faces and fearful/threatening scenes (14 -17, 30) and social risk (31) have also indicated that OXT may induce sex-dependent changes in amygdala activation to emotional stimuli.”
From Oxytocin, the peptide that bonds the sexes also divides them (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In humans, alterations in amygdala responses to positive and negative emotions have been reported in neuropsychiatric conditions, such as autism and schizophrenia [72,73], in association with OXTR genetic variants [41,102] or following intranasal OXT [33,36,38,103].”
From Oxytocin Signaling in the Central Amygdala Modulates Emotion Discrimination in Mice (2019) · cites this paper as [103]
In the citing paper
“In this context, the insula17 as well as the amygdala seem to be key target regions in the brain, with oxytocin modulating amygdala responsiveness to emotional faces18–22 or social stimuli in general23.”
From Randomized clinical trial shows no substantial modulation of empathy-related neural activation by intranasal oxytocin in autism (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“attenuating activation of amygdala to social stimuli (Baumgartner et al, 2008;Domes et al, 2007a;Gamer et al, 2010;Kirsch et al, 2005)”
From Chronic and acute intranasal oxytocin produce divergent social effects in mice (2014) · cites this paper as Gamer et al, 2010
In the citing paper
“Gamer and colleagues found that oxytocin’s effects on amygdala activity elicited by emotional faces was dependent on the valence of stimuli but the effects of oxytocin on enhancement of gaze shifts towards the eyes was valence independent (Gamer et al., 2010).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Gamer et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“In addition, oxytocin suppresses amygdala activation for fearful faces but enhances activity for happy faces (Gamer et al., 2010).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Gamer et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Oxytocin decreases amygdala activation during the perception of fear-inducing or aversive social stimuli; it has been suggested that this explains the stress-reducing effects of oxytocin (Gamer et al., 2010;Riem et al., 2011).”
From Oxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal (2013) · cites this paper as Gamer et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Because projections between the amygdala and brainstem are involved in fear behavior and arousal (LeDoux, 2000) it has been suggested that decreased amygdala activation might be the underlying neural mechanism of the anxiolytic effects of oxytocin (Gamer et al., 2010;Riem et al., 2011).”
From Oxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal (2013) · cites this paper as Gamer et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Research in humans has almost exclusively focused on the role of oxytocin in the regulation of prosocial behavior, including trust, attachment, and sexual behavior (2–5), largely ignoring potential effects of the neuropeptide on ingestive behavior and metabolism.”
From Oxytocin Reduces Reward-Driven Food Intake in Humans (2013) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“intranasal oxytocin administration has been shown to reliably modulate neuropsychological functions in a series of studies (2–5) in the absence of relevant side effects (16).”
From Oxytocin Reduces Reward-Driven Food Intake in Humans (2013) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Following intranasal OT (Syntocinon spray, Novartis), humans spend more time visually inspecting the eye region of faces compared to placebo (i.e., all inactive ingredients except for the peptide) (Gamer et al., 2010; Guastella et al., 2008).”
From Oxytocin and social cognition in rhesus macaques: Implications for understanding and treating human psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Gamer et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, OT inhalation reduces amygdala activation when viewing fearful faces but increases amygdala activation when viewing happy faces (Gamer et al., 2010).”
From Oxytocin and social cognition in rhesus macaques: Implications for understanding and treating human psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Gamer et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Importantly, the activity of amygdala sub-regions has been shown to be modulated by the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT; Gamer et al., 2010;Hurlemann et al., 2010), indicating that OT is a candidate hormone for modulating interpersonal distance.”
From OT promotes closer interpersonal distance among highly empathic individuals (2015) · cites this paper as Gamer et al., 2010
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“Importantly, administration of intranasal oxytocin appears to alter activity in the basolateral amygdala (Gamer et al., 2010), which may partially explain oxytocin's implicated role in attenuating fear responses.”
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Ebitz, R. B., & Platt, M. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00225 · Cited by 35
“While OT has been reported to blunt activity in one amygdala subregion in an fMRI study (Gamer et al., 2010), it is important to note that the amygdala is not a unitary structure, but rather a collection of interconnected nuclei that make very different contributions to behavior (Ursin and Kaada,…”
InfluentialZunhammer, M., Geis, S., Busch, V., Eichhammer, P., & Greenlee, M. W. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31606 · Cited by 35
Brain circuits signaling the absence of emotion in body language
Sokolov, A. A., Zeidman, P., Erb, M., Pollick, F. E., Fallgatter, A. J., Ryvlin, P., Friston, K. J., & Pavlova, M. A. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2007141117 · Cited by 36
Bernaerts, S., Boets, B., Steyaert, J. G., Wenderoth, N., & Alaerts, K. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01069-w · Cited by 36
Decreased Plasma Oxytocin Levels in Patients With PTSD
Carmassi, C., Marazziti, D., Mucci, F., Vecchia, A. D., Barberi, F. M., Baroni, S., Giannaccini, G., Palego, L., Massimetti, G., & Dell’Osso, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.612338 · Cited by 39
Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Aggressive Responding in Antisocial Personality Disorder
Alcorn, J. L., Rathnayaka, N. S., Swann, A. C., Moeller, F. G., & Lane, S. D. (2015) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-015-0139-y · Cited by 38
Interplay between the oxytocin and opioid systems in regulating social behaviour
Putnam, P. T., & Chang, S. W. C. (2022) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0050 · Cited by 34
From Oxytocin to Compassion: The Saliency of Distress
Kucerova, B., Levit‐Binnun, N., Gordon, I., & Golland, Y. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12020183 · Cited by 36
“Furthermore, oxytocin can improve the detection and recognition of emotional signals by modulating low-level attentional processes, specifically by increasing the time of gaze and number of saccades towards the eye region of facial stimuli [61–64], even in young children [65] and, in particular, for faces expressing f…”
Oxytocin release deficit and social cognition in craniopharyngioma patients
Brandi, M., Gebert, D., Kopczak, A., Auer, M. K., & Schilbach, L. (2020) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12842 · Cited by 33
Regional subcortical shape analysis in premanifest Huntington's disease
Tang, X., Ross, C. A., Johnson, H. J., Paulsen, J. S., Laurent Younes, B., Albin, R. L., Ratnanather, J. T., & Miller, M. I. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24456 · Cited by 34
Large household reduces dementia mortality: A cross-sectional data analysis of 183 populations
You, W., & Henneberg, M. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263309 · Cited by 33
Chen, X., Gautam, P., Haroon, E., & Rilling, J. K. (2017) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.006 · Cited by 34
“…oxytocin has been shown to modulate various aspects of social behavior, such as empathy (ShamayTsoory et al., 2013), trust (Baumgartner et al., 2008), in-group preference (De Dreu et al., 2010), and memory of socially relevant cues (Domes et al., 2007a; Gamer et al., 2010; Groppe et al., 2013).”
Oxytocin and Facial Emotion Recognition
Ellenbogen, M. A. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_20 · Cited by 34
Alaerts, K., Bernaerts, S., Prinsen, J., Dillen, C., Steyaert, J. G., & Wenderoth, N. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-0653-8 · Cited by 36
Brown, E. C., Taş, C., Kuzu, D., Esen-Danacı, A., Karin Roelofs, A., & Brüne, M. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.038 · Cited by 33
“There have been some suggestions that oxytocin can enhance the salience of social cues, increasing the affective valence, and thus also the attention towards social stimuli (Averbeck, 2010; Tabak, 2013), which is also indicated by an increase in amygdala activity (Gamer et al., 2010).”
BackgroundKim, Y., Oh, S.-M., Corfield, F., Jeong, D.-W., Jang, E.-Y., & Treasure, J. L. (2014) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2014.11.2.160 · Cited by 33
Is Oxytocin Application for Autism Spectrum Disorder Evidence-Based?
Lee, S. Y., Lee, A. R., Hwangbo, R., Han, J., Hong, M., & Bahn, G. H. (2015) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en.2015.24.4.312 · Cited by 33
“frequently gazed at the eye region despite instructions to gaze at the mouth region [56].”
BackgroundCommon and dissociable effects of oxytocin and lorazepam on the neurocircuitry of fear
Kreuder, A., Scheele, D., Schultz, J., Hennig, J., Marsh, N., Dellert, T., Ettinger, U., Philipsen, A., Babasiz, M., Herscheid, A., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1920147117 · Cited by 27
Matsuda, Y.-T., Fujimura, T., Katahira, K., Okada, M., Ueno, K., Cheng, K., & Okanoya, K. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00551 · Cited by 37
“…involved in processing valence rather than arousal are consistent with the results of these recent studies, which have demonstrated greater activity in the lateral subregion of the amygdala in response to unpleasant faces than in response to pleasant faces (Davis et al., 2010; Gamer et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResultOxytocin reduces food sharing in capuchin monkeys by modulating social distance
Brosnan, S. F., Talbot, C. F., Essler, J. L., Leverett, K., Flemming, T., Dougall, P., Heyler, C., & Zak, P. J. (2015) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003268 · Cited by 30
“OT’s anxiolytic effects occur through the down-regulation of amygdala activity (Kirsch et al., 2005; Gamer et al., 2010) and the inhibition of stress hormones, including epinephrine, noriephinephrine and ACTH (Bissett et al.”
BackgroundEffects of gaze direction, head orientation and valence of facial expression on amygdala activity
Sauer, A., Mothes‐Lasch, M., Miltner, W. H. R., & Straube, T. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst100 · Cited by 33
“, 2011) and processing of emotional facial expressions (Hoffman et al., 2007; Gamer et al., 2010).”
InfluentialCrespi, B. J., & Procyshyn, T. L. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.004 · Cited by 32
Nguyen, M. N., Nishijo, M., Nguyen, A. T. N., Bor, A., Nakamura, T., Hori, E., Nakagawa, H., Ono, T., & Nishijo, H. (2013) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.005 · Cited by 30
5-HTTLPR modulates the recognition accuracy and exploration of emotional facial expressions
Boll, S., & Gamer, M. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00255 · Cited by 31
“Here, we replicated earlier findings showing that participants orient their gaze toward diagnostically relevant facial features irrespective of task demands (Gamer and Büchel, 2009; Gamer et al., 2010; Kliemann et al., 2012; Scheller et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLischke, A., Herpertz, S. C., Berger, C., Domes, G., & Gamer, M. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx134 · Cited by 29
Le, J., Kou, J., Zhao, W., Fu, M., Zhang, Y., Becker, B., & Kendrick, K. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00803 · Cited by 33
Horta, M., Ziaei, M., Lin, T., Porges, E. C., Fischer, H., Feifel, D., Spreng, R. N., & Ebner, N. C. (2019) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.016 · Cited by 26
“For example, in young men, intranasal OT reduced amygdala activity in response to unpleasant social (Gamer et al., 2010) and emotional stimuli (Domes et al.”
BackgroundLe, J., Kou, J., Zhao, W., Fu, M., Zhang, Y., Becker, B., & Kendrick, K. M. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0830-x · Cited by 29
Oxytocin increases bias, but not accuracy, in face recognition line-ups
Bate, S., Bennetts, R. J., Parris, B. A., Bindemann, M., Udale, R. C., & Bussunt, A. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu150 · Cited by 33
“…et al. , 2013) or approach-withdrawal (Ditzen et al. , 2009; Kemp and Guastella, 2011) mechanism, is supported by several lines of neuroimaging and behavioural evidence (Petrovic et al. , 2008; Shamay-Tsoory et al. , 2009; Gamer et al. , 2010; De Dreu et al. , 2010, 2011; Bartz et al. , 2011).”
Genetic and psychological underpinnings of motivation and satisfaction of industrial salespeople
Bagozzi, R. P., & Verbeke, W. J. M. I. (2019) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.08.011 · Cited by 29
Acute and Repeated Intranasal Oxytocin Differentially Modulate Brain-wide Functional Connectivity
Pagani, M., Felice, A. D., Montani, C., Galbusera, A., Papaleo, F., & Gozzi, A. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.036 · Cited by 27
Divergent effects of oxytocin on eye contact in bonobos and chimpanzees
Brooks, J., Kano, F., Sato, Y., Yeow, H., Morimura, N., Nagasawa, M., Kikusui, T., & Yamamoto, S. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105119 · Cited by 28
The effect of constraining eye-contact during dynamic emotional face perception—an fMRI study
Hadjikhani, N. K., Zürcher, N. R., Lassalle, A., Hippolyte, L., Ward, N., & Johnels, J. Å. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx046 · Cited by 33
“In typical participants, it has been suggested that the amygdala triggers reflexive orientation towards fearful eyes (Gamer and Buchel, 2009; Gamer et al., 2010).”
BackgroundHirosawa, T., Kikuchi, M., Higashida, H., Okumura, E., Ueno, S., Shitamichi, K., Yoshimura, Y., Munesue, T., Tsubokawa, T., Haruta, Y., et al. (2012) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00384 · Cited by 25
Jeung-Maarse, H., Schmitgen, M. M., Schmitt, R., Bertsch, K., & Herpertz, S. C. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01549-9 · Cited by 29
Kovács, B., & Kéri, S. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.02.010 · Cited by 26
“Similarly, higher resolution scanning would allow a more detailed investigation of the amygdala-complex at the level of subnuclei [27].”
BackgroundOxytocin and Prader-Willi Syndrome
Kabasakalian, A., Ferretti, C. J., & Hollander, E. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_28 · Cited by 26
Oxytocin promotes attention to social cues regardless of group membership
Pfundmair, M., Zwarg, C., Paulus, M., & Rimpel, A. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.03.006 · Cited by 23
Potential for oxytocin use in children and adolescents with mental illness
Netherton, E., & Schatte, D. J. (2011) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1212 · Cited by 24
“Gamer et al. (2010) found that administered oxytocin decreased amygdala activity in response to threatening stimuli, represented using pictures of frowning faces, and increased amygdala activity in response to positive stimuli, represented using smiling faces.”
BackgroundLateral OFC Activity Predicts Decision Bias due to First Impressions during Ultimatum Games
Kim, H., Choi, M.-J., & Jang, I.-J. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00136 · Cited by 25
Oxytocin modulates hemodynamic responses to monetary incentives in humans
Mickey, B. J., Heffernan, J., Heisel, C. J., Peciña, M., Hsu, D. T., Zubieta, J.-K., & Love, T. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4423-6 · Cited by 24
“There is evidence to suggest that oxytocinergic effects may be salience (e.g., Wittfoth-Schardt et al. 2012) or valence-dependent (e.g., Domes et al. 2013b; Gamer and Büchel 2012; Gamer et al. 2010; Kis et al. 2013).”
InfluentialRío, R. T.-D., van den Burg, E. H., Stoop, R., & Hegoburu, C. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5030-5 · Cited by 26
Cellular components of the human medial amygdaloid nucleus
Dall'Oglio, A., Xavier, L. L., Hilbig, A., Ferme, D., Moreira, J. E., Achaval, M., & Rasia‐Filho, A. A. (2013) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23192 · Cited by 24
“It is also important for recognizing fearful faces and the positive valence of happy faces (Gamer et al., 2010), which suggests that the Me is vital for modulating emotions and social behaviors.”
BackgroundLinking social behaviour and anxiety to attention to emotional faces in Williams syndrome
Kirk, H., Hocking, D. R., Riby, D. M., & Cornish, K. M. (2013) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.042 · Cited by 26
Moerkerke, M., Daniëls, N., der Donck, S. V., Tibermont, L., Tang, T., Debbaut, E., Bamps, A., Prinsen, J., Steyaert, J. G., Alaerts, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13850 · Cited by 26
Electro-acupuncture improves the social interaction behavior of rats
Zhang, H., Li, H.-X., Dai, Y., Xu, X., Han, S., Zhang, R., & Han, J. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.014 · Cited by 24
What does Williams syndrome reveal about the determinants of social behavior?
Järvinen, A., & Bellugi, U. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00321 · Cited by 24
“Neuroimaging data pinpoint contingencies between the effects of OT and the nature of the stimulus: OT decreases amygdala responses for fearful faces, while increasing responses for happy faces (Gamer et al., 2010).”
BackgroundEffects of oxytocin on human social approach measured using intimacy equilibriums
Liu, J. C., Guastella, A. J., & Dadds, M. R. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.09.002 · Cited by 24
“For example, studies have found that oxytocin increases gaze to the eye region of faces presented through photographs (Andari et al., 2010; Gamer et al., 2010; Guastella et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBernaerts, S., Berra, E., Wenderoth, N., & Alaerts, K. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.002 · Cited by 24
“Exogenously administered OT has also been shown to stimulate gaze towards the eye region (Gamer et al., 2010; Guastella et al., 2008) and increase eye contact (Auyeung et al., 2015).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Gamer, M., Zurowski, B., & Büchel, C.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-04-26
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 9400-9405
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2889107
- OpenAlex
- W2077718235
- Cited by
- 487
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 68.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2011-01-18)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- oxytocin, amygdala subregions, emotional face processing, valence, attentional bias, gaze shifts, eye movements, superior colliculus, social cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Attention, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Eye Movements, Face, Germany, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxytocin, Photic Stimulation
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