Behavioral assessment of sensitivity to intracortical microstimulation of primate somatosensory cortex
Open accessAbstract
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a powerful tool to investigate the functional role of neural circuits and may provide a means to restore sensation for patients for whom peripheral stimulation is not an option. In a series of psychophysical experiments with nonhuman primates, we investigate how stimulation parameters affect behavioral sensitivity to ICMS. Specifically, we deliver ICMS to primary somatosensory cortex through chronically implanted electrode arrays across a wide range of stimulation regimes. First, we investigate how the detectability of ICMS depends on stimulation parameters, including pulse width, frequency, amplitude, and pulse train duration. Then, we characterize the degree to which ICMS pulse trains that differ in amplitude lead to discriminable percepts across the range of perceptible and safe amplitudes. We also investigate how discriminability of pulse amplitude is modulated by other stimulation parameters-namely, frequency and duration. Perceptual judgments obtained across these various conditions will inform the design of stimulation regimes for neuroscience and neuroengineering applications.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
ICMS pulse trains transferred through implanted electrodes (UEAs) in a monkey can restore sensory feedback.
“In other studies, ICMS pulse trains have been transferred through implanted electrodes (UEAs) in a monkey for restoration of sensory feedback (Bensmaia and Miller, 2014; Chen et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015).”
From Selectivity and Longevity of Peripheral-Nerve and Machine Interfaces: A Review. (2017) · cites this paper as Kim et al., 2015
The Results report ICMS pulse trains delivered through an implanted Utah electrode array in monkeys, who could detect and discriminate the stimulation. The Significance section describes restoration of sensation as a potential application; this study did not demonstrate restored sensory feedback. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Electrical stimulation of excitable tissue: design of efficacious and safe protocols
Merrill, D. R., Bikson, M., & Jefferys, J. G. R. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.10.020 · Cited by 2,078 · see citing works
Mountcastle, V. B., Talbot, W. H., Sakata, H., & Hyvärinen, J. (1969) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1969.32.3.452 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Schmidt, E. M., Bak, M. J., Hambrecht, F. T., Kufta, C. V., O'Rourke, D. K., & Vallabhanath, P. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.2.507 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Microstimulation in visual area MT: effects on direction discrimination performance
Salzman, C., Murasugi, C., Britten, K., & Newsome, W. (1992) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-06-02331.1992 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Active tactile exploration using a brain–machine–brain interface
O’Doherty, J. E., Lebedev, M. A., Ifft, P. J., Zhuang, K. Z., Shokur, S., Bleuler, H., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10489 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Artificial Vision for the Blind by Connecting a Television Camera to the Visual Cortex
Dobelle, W. H. (2000) · ASAIO Journal · doi:10.1097/00002480-200001000-00002 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Somatosensory discrimination based on cortical microstimulation
Romo, R., Hernández, A., Zainos, A., & Salinas, E. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/32891 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses
Tehovnik, E. J. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(95)00131-x · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Restoring sensorimotor function through intracortical interfaces: progress and looming challenges
Bensmaia, S. J., & Miller, L. E. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3724 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Restoring the sense of touch with a prosthetic hand through a brain interface
Tabot, G. A., Dammann, J. F., Berg, J. A., Tenore, F. V., Boback, J. L., Vogelstein, R. J., & Bensmaia, S. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1221113110 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Self-citationRomo, R., Hernández, A., Zainos, A., Brody, C. D., & Lemus, L. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81156-3 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Neural codes for perceptual discrimination in primary somatosensory cortex
Luna, R., Hernández, A., Brody, C. D., & Romo, R. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1513 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Muniak, M. A., Ray, S., Hsiao, S. S., Dammann, J. F., & Bensmaia, S. J. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1486-07.2007 · Cited by 235 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The mapping between pressure and perceived intensity could in principle be derived by combining models that characterize the relationship between perceived intensity and afferent responses (46) with models that simulate populations’ responses to arbitrary spatiotemporal skin deformations (47–50).”
BackgroundWeber's Law and Related Functions
Ekman, G. (1959) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1959.9916336 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
A learning-based approach to artificial sensory feedback leads to optimal integration
Dadarlat, M. C., O'Doherty, J. E., & Sabes, P. N. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3883 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Negi, S., Bhandari, R., Rieth, L. W., & Solzbacher, F. (2010) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-6041/5/1/015007 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Electrical Stimulation of the Brain in Behavioral Context
Doty, R. W. (1969) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.20.020169.001445 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Multiplexing Stimulus Information through Rate and Temporal Codes in Primate Somatosensory Cortex
Harvey, M., Saal, H. P., Dammann, J. F., & Bensmaı̈a, S. J. (2013) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001558 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Cogan, S. F., Troyk, P. R., Ehrlich, J., & Plante, T. D. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2005.851503 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Columnar Transformations in Auditory Cortex? A Comparison to Visual and Somatosensory Cortices
Linden, J. F. (2002) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/13.1.83 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
A floating metal microelectrode array for chronic implantation
Musallam, S., Bak, M. J., Troyk, P. R., & Andersen, R. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.09.005 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Insights into cortical mechanisms of behavior from microstimulation experiments
Histed, M. H., Ni, A. M., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2012) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.01.006 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Negi, S., Bhandari, R., Rieth, L. W., Wagenen, R. V., & Solzbacher, F. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.10.016 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Electrical Stimulation of the Proprioceptive Cortex (Area 3a) Used to Instruct a Behaving Monkey
London, B. M., Jordan, L. R., Jackson, C. R., & Miller, L. E. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2007.907544 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Sensory discrimination: decision process
Johnson, K. (1980) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1980.43.6.1771 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Behavioral detection of electrical microstimulation in different cortical visual areas
Murphey, D. K., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.066 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Spiking Irregularity and Frequency Modulate the Behavioral Report of Single-Neuron Stimulation
Doron, G., von Heimendahl, M., Schlattmann, P., Houweling, A. R., & Brecht, M. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.032 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Sensory discrimination: neural processes preceding discrimination decision
Johnson, K. O. (1980) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1980.43.6.1793 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Histed, M. H., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1318750111 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Restoring tactile and proprioceptive sensation through a brain interface
Tabot, G. A., Kim, S. S., Winberry, J. E., & Bensmaia, S. J. (2015) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.029 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Separating the effects of response nonlinearity and internal noise psychophysically
Kontsevich, L. L., Chen, C., & Tyler, C. W. (2002) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00091-3 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The effects of chronic intracortical microstimulation on neural tissue and fine motor behavior
Rajan, A. T., Boback, J. L., Dammann, J. F., Tenore, F. V., Wester, B. A., Otto, K. J., Gaunt, R. A., & Bensmaia, S. J. (2015) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/12/6/066018 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Disentangling signal from noise in visual contrast discrimination
Goréa, A., & Sagi, D. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn741 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Virtual Active Touch Using Randomly Patterned Intracortical Microstimulation
O’Doherty, J. E., Lebedev, M., Li, Z., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2011.2166807 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Detection psychophysics of intracortical microstimulation in rat primary somatosensory cortex
Butovas, S., & Schwarz, C. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05449.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Stüttgen, M. C., & Schwarz, C. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3943-09.2010 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Predicting the timing of spikes evoked by tactile stimulation of the hand
Kim, S. S., Sripati, A. P., & Bensmaia, S. J. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00187.2010 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The effect of chronic intracortical microstimulation on the electrode–tissue interface
Chen, K. H., Dammann, J. F., Boback, J. L., Tenore, F. V., Otto, K. J., Gaunt, R. A., & Bensmaia, S. J. (2014) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/11/2/026004 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferences in Sensitivity to Neural Timing among Cortical Areas
Yang, Y., & Zador, A. M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1411-12.2012 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Multi-electrode stimulation in somatosensory cortex increases probability of detection
Zaaimi, B., Ruiz-Torres, R., Solla, S. A., & Miller, L. E. (2013) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056013 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Kim, S. S., Sripati, A. P., Vogelstein, R. J., Armiger, R. S., Russell, A. F., & Bensmaı̈a, S. J. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2009.2032396 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationKent, A. R., & Grill, W. M. (2012) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/3/036004 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Perceived intensity of somatosensory cortical electrical stimulation
Fridman, G. Y., Blair, H. T., Blaisdell, A. P., & Judy, J. W. (2010) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2254-y · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The functional consequences of chronic, physiologically effective intracortical microstimulation
Parker, R., Davis, T. S., House, P. A., Normann, R. A., & Greger, B. E. (2011) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53815-4.00010-8 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
A simple model of mechanotransduction in primate glabrous skin
Dong, Y., Mihalas, S., Kim, S. S., Yoshioka, T., Bensmaia, S., & Niebur, E. (2013) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00395.2012 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The neural signal for the intensity of a tactile stimulus
Poulos, D., Mei, J., Horch, K. W., Tuckett, R. P., Wei, J., Cornwall, M. C., & Burgess, P. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-08-02016.1984 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sadovsky, A. J., & MacLean, J. N. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1977-13.2013 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Comparing temporal aspects of visual, tactile, and microstimulation feedback for motor control
Godlove, J. M., Whaite, E. O., & Batista, A. P. (2014) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/11/4/046025 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Measurement of Evoked Potentials During Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation
Kent, A. R., Swan, B. D., Brocker, D. T., Turner, D. A., Gross, R. E., & Grill, W. M. (2014) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.09.017 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The neural signal for skin indentation depth. I. Changing indentations
Burgess, P., Mei, J., Tuckett, R. P., Horch, K. W., Ballinger, C., & Poulos, D. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-08-01572.1983 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sensitivity to microstimulation of somatosensory cortex distributed over multiple electrodes
Kim, S., Callier, T., Tabot, G. A., Tenore, F. V., & Bensmaı̈a, S. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00047 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrostimulation of macaque V1 disrupts target selection: effects of stimulation polarity
Tehovnik, E. J., & Slocum, W. M. (2003) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1312-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kim, S. S., Mihalaş, Ş., Russell, A. F., Dong, Y., & Bensmaı̈a, S. J. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2011.2160560 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationTemporal Patterning of Saccadic Eye Movement Signals
Kimmel, D. L., & Moore, T. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0386-07.2007 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The depth, waveform and pulse rate for electrical microstimulation of the auditory cortex
Koivuniemi, A. S., & Otto, K. J. (2012) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6346469 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Gururangan, S., Sadovsky, A. J., & MacLean, J. N. (2014) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003710 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The neural signal for skin indentation depth. II. Steady indentations
Mei, J., Tuckett, R. P., Poulos, D., Horch, K. W., Wei, J., & Burgess, P. (1983) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-12-02652.1983 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Intracortical microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex
Flesher, S. N., Collinger, J. L., Foldes, S. T., Weiss, J. M., Downey, J. E., Tyler-Kabara, E. C., Bensmaia, S. J., Schwartz, A. B., Boninger, M. L., & Gaunt, R. A. (2016) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf8083 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Basis of Touch and Proprioception in Primate Cortex
Delhaye, B. P., Long, K. H., & Bensmaia, S. J. (2018) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c170033 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Selectivity and Longevity of Peripheral-Nerve and Machine Interfaces: A Review.
Ghafoor, U., Kim, S., & Hong, K.-S. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurorobotics · doi:10.3389/fnbot.2017.00059 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“In other studies, ICMS pulse trains have been transferred through implanted electrodes (UEAs) in a monkey for restoration of sensory feedback (Bensmaia and Miller, 2014; Chen et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015).”
Self-citationExplant Analysis of Utah Electrode Arrays Implanted in Human Cortex for Brain-Computer-Interfaces
Woeppel, K., Hughes, C., Herrera, A. J., Eles, J. R., Tyler-Kabara, E. C., Gaunt, R. A., Collinger, J. L., & Cui, X. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.759711 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationFifer, M. S., McMullen, D. P., Osborn, L. E., Thomas, T. M., Christie, B., Nickl, R. W., Candrea, D. N., Pohlmeyer, E. A., Thompson, M. C., Anaya, M. A., et al. (2022) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000013173 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationTask-Specific somatosensory feedback via cortical stimulation in humans
Cronin, J. A., Wu, J., Collins, K. L., Sarma, D., Rao, R. P. N., Ojemann, J. G., & Olson, J. D. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Haptics · doi:10.1109/toh.2016.2591952 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A computational model that predicts behavioral sensitivity to intracortical microstimulation
Kim, S., Callier, T., & Bensmaia, S. J. (2017) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/14/1/016012 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Kim, S., Callier, T., Tabot, G. A., Gaunt, R. A., Tenore, F. V., & Bensmaia, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2015-10-26
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 49
- Pages
- 15202-15207
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC4679002
- OpenAlex
- W1851784879
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-10-C-4056)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- intracortical microstimulation, primary somatosensory cortex, behavioral sensitivity, stimulation parameters, pulse duration, stimulation frequency, pulse amplitude, perceptual discriminability, non-human primates, neuroprosthetics, sensory recovery
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electric Stimulation, Macaca mulatta, Somatosensory Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
