The emergence of a functionally flexible brain during early infancy
Open accessAbstract
Significance: While adult brains are known to be functionally flexible, the emergence of a functionally flexible brain during early infancy is largely uncharted due the lack of approaches to assess neural flexibility in infants. Using recent advances of multilayer network approaches and a cohort of typically developing children who underwent longitudinal MRI during the first 2 y of life, we investigated the developmental characteristics of brain neural flexibility. The temporal and spatial emergence of a functionally flexible brain was revealed. Brain regions with high neural flexibility appear consistent with the core regions supporting cognitive flexibility processing in adults, whereas brain regions governing basic brain functions exhibit lower neural flexibility, demonstrating the emergence of functionally flexible brain during early infancy.
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Neural flexibility-how often brain regions switch between functional modules-increases with age during the first two years of life.
“Neural flexibility, or the frequency with which brain regions change allegiance between functional modules, has recently been shown to increase with age during the first 2 years of life50.”
From Cognitive and behavioural flexibility: Neural mechanisms and clinical considerations (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Yin, W., Li, T., Hung, S.-C., Zhang, H., Wang, L., Shen, D., Zhu, H., Mucha, P. J., Cohen, J. R., & Lin, W.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
- Corresponding author
- Lin, Weili
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2020-08-31
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 38
- Pages
- 23904-23913
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC7519318
- OpenAlex
- W3082484536
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- HHS | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (5U01MH110274, R01MH116527)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- neural flexibility, cognitive flexibility, early infancy, brain development, resting-state functional connectivity, functional brain networks, functional hubs, cognitive ability
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Rest
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