Emergence of resting state networks in the preterm human brain
Open accessAbstract
The functions of the resting state networks (RSNs) revealed by functional MRI remain unclear, but it has seemed possible that networks emerge in parallel with the development of related cognitive functions. We tested the alternative hypothesis: that the full repertoire of resting state dynamics emerges during the period of rapid neural growth before the normal time of birth at term (around 40 wk of gestation). We used a series of independent analytical techniques to map in detail the development of different networks in 70 infants born between 29 and 43 wk of postmenstrual age (PMA). We characterized and charted the development of RSNs from recognizable but often fragmentary elements at 30 wk of PMA to full facsimiles of adult patterns at term. Visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor, default mode, frontoparietal, and executive control networks developed at different rates; however, by term, complete networks were present, several of which were integrated with thalamic activity. These results place the emergence of RSNs largely during the period of rapid neural growth in the third trimester of gestation, suggesting that they are formed before the acquisition of cognitive competencies in later childhood.
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When defined by seed-based or independent component analysis, the default-mode, dorsal attention and salience networks establish distributed network-like topologies by age two, earlier than executive control networks, consistent with protracted development of executive functions.
“the default-mode network99, 104, the dorsal attention network [G] 105, 106 and the salience network [G] 107 establish distributed network-like topologies by 2 years of age90, 91 earlier than the executive control networks 91, 97, 107, consistent with the protracted development of executive functions108.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [91]
The default-mode network shows the earliest synchronization of its constituent regions and achieves an adult-like core structure by around six months, consistent with the emergence of self-awareness thought to depend on this network at that age.
“the default-mode network99, 100 shows the earliest synchronization of its constituent regions and achieves an adult-like core structure [G] by around 6 months of age91, consistent with the emergence of self-awareness, which is thought to depend on the default-mode network, at this age101.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [91]
Household income and maternal education are each correlated with within-network connectivity of the default resting-state network at 6 months of age.
“Household income and the level of maternal education are each correlated with within-network connectivity of the default resting-state network at 6 months of age91.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [91]
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- Authors
- Doria, V., Beckmann, C. F., Arichi, T., Merchant, N., Groppo, M., Turkheimer, F. E., Counsell, S. J., Murgasova, M., Aljabar, P., Nunes, R. G., Larkman, D. J., Rees, G., & Edwards, A. D.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Institute of Clinical Sciences and
- Visual Information Processing Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 20015-20020
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2993415
- OpenAlex
- W2056694524
- Cited by
- 574
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 12.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (082334)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2006-18-003, ACF-2006-21-028)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/E049451/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- resting-state networks, preterm infants, brain development, neural growth, third trimester, visual network, auditory network, somatosensory network, motor network, default mode network, frontoparietal network, thalamic activity, gestational age, cognitive development
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Nerve Net, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Regression Analysis, Rest, Bias, Premature Birth
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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