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Cited by 614

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Why whole grains are protective: biological mechanisms

Open access
Slavin, Joanne·2003·Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
DOI 10.1079/pns2002221
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Abstract

Epidemiological studies find that whole-grain intake is protective against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Potential mechanisms for this protection are diverse since whole grains are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. First, whole grains are concentrated sources of dietary fibre, resistant starch and oligosaccharides, carbohydrates that escape digestion in the small intestine and are fermented in the gut, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA lower colonic pH, serve as an energy source for the colonocytes and may alter blood lipids. These improvements in the gut environment may provide immune protection beyond the gut. Second, whole grains are rich in antioxidants, including trace minerals and phenolic compounds, and these compounds have been linked to disease prevention. Additionally, whole grains mediate insulin and glucose responses. Although lower glycaemic load and glycaemic index have been linked to diabetes and obesity, risk of cancers such as colon and breast cancer have also been linked to high intake of readily-available carbohydrate. Finally, whole grains contain many other compounds that may protect against chronic disease. These compunds include phytate, phyto-oestrogens such as lignan, plant stanols and sterols, and vitamins and minerals. As a consequence of the traditional models of conducting nutrition studies on isolated nutrients, few studies exist on the biological effects of increased whole-grain intake. The few whole-grain feeding studies that are available show improvements in biomarkers with whole-grain consumption, such as weight loss, blood lipid improvement and antioxidant protection.

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Metadata

Authors
Slavin, J.
Venue
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2003-02
Volume
62
Issue
1
Pages
129-134
ISSN
  • 0029-6651 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-2719
DOI
10.1079/pns2002221
OpenAlex
W2116784595
Cited by
614
References
2
FWCI
10.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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