Cited by 1,000Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMind wandering and attentionMental Health Research Topics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood

Nolen-hoeksema, Susan, Morrow, Jannay·1993·Cognition and Emotion

DOI 10.1080/02699939308409206

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Mildly-to-moderately depressed and nondepressed subjects were randomly assigned to spend 8 minutes focusing their attention on their current feeling states and personal characteristics (rumination condition) or on descriptions of geographic locations and objects (distraction condition). Depressed subjects in the rumination condition became significantly more depressed, whereas depressed subjects in the distraction condition became significantly less depressed. Rumination and distraction did not affect the moods of nondepressed subjects. These results support the hypothesis that ruminative responses to depressed mood exacerbate and prolong depressed mood. whereas distracting response shorten depressed mood.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/02699939308409206

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.569 · Cited by 4,529
Self-citation
Mood and memory
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115 · Cited by 3,276
Self-citation
Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.19 · Cited by 2,726
Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.
Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.259 · Cited by 2,001
Self-citation
Assessment of Depression: The Depression Inventory
Beck, A. T., & Beamesderfer, A. (2015) · Modern problems of pharmacopsychiatry/Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1159/000395074 · Cited by 1,860
Screening Depressed Patients in Family Practice
Beck, A. T., & Beck, R. W. (1972) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.1972.11713319 · Cited by 1,836
Affect and memory: A review.
Blaney, P. H. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.2.229 · Cited by 1,739
Theoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy
Reiss, S., & Bootzin, R. R. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,461
Thinking too much: Introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions.
Wilson, T. D., & Schooler, J. W. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.181 · Cited by 1,417

Show all 36 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Beck A. T., 1974, Psychological measurements in psychopharmacology and modern pharmocopsychiatry
Nolen‐Hoeksema S., Ruminations, self‐evaluations, and depressed moods Tests of alternate predictions.
Nolen‐Hoeksema S., Coping with negative emotion following loss.
Zuckerman M., 1965, Manual for the multiple affect adjective checklist

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 999

The Response Styles Theory
Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (2003) · doi:10.1002/9780470713853.ch6 · Cited by 251
Self-citation
Can’t Quite Commit: Rumination and Uncertainty
Ward, A., Lyubomirsky, S., Sousa, L., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202238375 · Cited by 243
Self-citation
Counterfactual Thinking: The Intersection of Affect and Function
Roese, N. J., & Olson, J. M. (1997) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60015-5 · Cited by 254
The effects of self-focused rumination on global negative self-judgements in depression
Rimes, K. A., & Watkins, E. R. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.002 · Cited by 262
Emotions and Psychopathology
Kring, A. M., & Bachorowski, J. (1999) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999399379195 · Cited by 236
The Assessment of Psychological Strain in Work Contexts
Mohr, G., Müller, A., Rigotti, T., Aycan, Z., & Tschan, F. (2006) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.198 · Cited by 236
Individual differences in trait rumination and the neural systems supporting cognitive reappraisal
RAY, R. D., OCHSNER, K. N., COOPER, J. C., ROBERTSON, E. R., GABRIELI, J. D. E., & GROSS, J. J. (2005) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.5.2.156 · Cited by 316
The Consequences of Dysphoric Rumination
Lyubomirsky, S., & Tkach, C. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713853.ch2 · Cited by 235
Decentring and distraction reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression
WATKINS, E., TEASDALE, J. D., & WILLIAMS, R. M. (2000) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799002263 · Cited by 231
Rumination, negative cognition, and their interactive effects on depressed mood.
Ciesla, J. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.555 · Cited by 250
Selection and implementation of emotion regulation strategies in major depressive disorder: An integrative review
Liu, D. Y., & Thompson, R. J. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.07.004 · Cited by 220
Mechanisms of action in youth psychotherapy
Weersing, V. R., & Weisz, J. R. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00002 · Cited by 224
Social sharing through interpersonal media: Patterns and effects on emotional well-being
Choi, M., & Toma, C. L. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.026 · Cited by 248
Rumination in Interpersonal Relationships: Does Co-rumination Explain Gender Differences in Emotional Distress and Relationship Satisfaction Among College Students?
Calmes, C. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9200-3 · Cited by 247
Rumination and Worry in Nonclinical Adolescents
Muris, P., Roelofs, J., Meesters, C., & Boomsma, P. (2004) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/b:cotr.0000045563.66060.3e · Cited by 230
Therapeutic horticulture in clinical depression: a prospective study of active components
Gonzalez, M. T., Hartig, T., Patil, G. G., Martinsen, E. W., & Kirkevold, M. (2010) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05383.x · Cited by 215
Depressive cognition: Self-reference and depth of processing
Wisco, B. E. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.03.003 · Cited by 216
Appraisal and goal processes as predictors of psychological well-being in bereaved caregivers.
Stein, N., Folkman, S., Trabasso, T., & Richards, T. A. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.72.4.872 · Cited by 137
Neuroticism and Ruminative Response Style as Predictors of Change in Depressive Symptomatology
Nolan, S. A., Roberts, J. E., & Gotlib, I. H. (1998) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018769531641 · Cited by 208
A test of the integration of the response styles and social support theories of depression in third and seventh grade children
Abela, J. R. Z., Vanderbilt, E., & Rochon, A. (2004) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.23.5.653.50752 · Cited by 210
Understanding the outcomes of supportive communication: A dual-process approach
Burleson, B. R. (2009) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407509105519 · Cited by 210
Rumination and Experiential Avoidance in Depression
Cribb, G., Moulds, M. L., & Carter, S. (2006) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.23.3.165 · Cited by 204
Rumination, mood and social problem-solving in major depression
Donaldson, C., & Lam, D. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704001904 · Cited by 225
Strategy-dependent effects of reflecting on self and tasks: Some implications of optimism and defensive pessimism.
Norem, J. K., & Illingworth, K. S. S. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.822 · Cited by 207
The relationship of core belief challenge, rumination, disclosure, and sociocultural elements to posttraumatic growth.
Lindstrom, C. M., Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2011) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0022030 · Cited by 210
The Role of Thought Suppression in Depressive Rumination
Wenzlaff, R. M., & Luxton, D. D. (2003) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1023966400540 · Cited by 217
The Affective Style Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Properties
Hofmann, S. G., & Kashdan, T. B. (2010) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9142-4 · Cited by 203
Perfectionism Cognitions, Rumination, and Psychological Distress
Flett, G. L., Madorsky, D., Hewitt, P. L., & Heisel, M. J. (2002) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1023/a:1015128904007 · Cited by 209
Cognitive processing, rumination, and posttraumatic growth.
Stockton, H., Hunt, N., & Joseph, S. (2011) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20606 · Cited by 201
Response styles and negative affect among adolescents
Schwartz, J. A. J., & Koenig, L. J. (1996) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02229241 · Cited by 198
Attentional control as a moderator of the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and attentional threat bias
Bardeen, J. R., & Orcutt, H. K. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.06.009 · Cited by 218
Implicit cognition and depression: A meta-analysis
Phillips, W. J., Hine, D. W., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.002 · Cited by 182
Relations between emotion regulation strategies and affect in daily life: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessments
Boemo, T., Nieto, I., Vazquez, C., & Sanchez-Lopez, A. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104747 · Cited by 191
Rumination and future thinking in depression
Lavender, A., & Watkins, E. R. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466504323088015 · Cited by 200
Cognitive Processing of Traumas: The Role of Intrusive Thoughts and Reappraisals1
Greenberg, M. A. (1995) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02618.x · Cited by 189
Gender differences in self-reports of depression: the response bias hypothesis revisited.
Sigmon, S. T., Pells, J. J., Boulard, N. E., Whitcomb-Smith, S., Edenfield, T. M., Hermann, B. A., LaMattina, S. M., Schartel, J. G., & Kubik, E. (2005) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-005-6762-3 · Cited by 183
Depressive Rumination and Co-Morbidity: Evidence for Brooding as a Transdiagnostic Process
Watkins, E. R. (2009) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-009-0098-9 · Cited by 182
Why do people ruminate in dysphoric moods?
Watkins, E. R., & Baracaia, S. F. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00053-2 · Cited by 195
Effects of induced rumination and distraction on mood and overgeneral autobiographical memory in adolescent Major Depressive Disorder and controls
Park, R. J., Goodyer, I. M., & Teasdale, J. D. (2004) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00291.x · Cited by 180
Rumination, Worry, Cognitive Avoidance, and Behavioral Avoidance: Examination of Temporal Effects
Dickson, K. S., Ciesla, J. A., & Reilly, L. C. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.11.002 · Cited by 173
Striving to feel good: Ideal affect, actual affect, and their correspondence across adulthood.
Scheibe, S., English, T., Tsai, J. L., & Carstensen, L. L. (2012) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0030561 · Cited by 182
Feeling recovered and thinking about the good sides of one’s work.
Binnewies, C., Sonnentag, S., & Mojza, E. J. (2009) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014933 · Cited by 188
Appraisals and strategies associated with rumination and worry
Watkins, E. R. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.002 · Cited by 166
Measuring Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation: The Emotion Regulation Profile-Revised (ERP-R)
Nélis, D., Quoidbach, J., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2011) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb-51-1-49 · Cited by 180
Self-help interventions for depressive disorders and depressive symptoms: a systematic review
Morgan, A. J., & Jorm, A. F. (2008) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1744-859x-7-13 · Cited by 163
Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review
Moulds, M. L., Bisby, M. A., Wild, J., & Bryant, R. A. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101910 · Cited by 176
Thinking About Rumination: The Scholarly Contributions and Intellectual Legacy of Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
Lyubomirsky, S., Layous, K., Chancellor, J., & Nelson, S. K. (2015) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112733 · Cited by 222
Cognitive avoidance of intrusive memories: Recall vantage perspective and associations with depression
Williams, A. D., & Moulds, M. L. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.09.005 · Cited by 170
Response Styles Theory: Downward Extension to Children
Ziegert, D. I., & Kistner, J. A. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3103_04 · Cited by 156
Which emotions last longest and why: The role of event importance and rumination
Verduyn, P., & Lavrijsen, S. (2014) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9445-y · Cited by 172
Emotional disorders in evolutionary perspective
Nesse, R. M. (1998) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1998.tb01000.x · Cited by 158
The impact of rumination on aggressive thoughts, feelings, arousal, and behaviour
Pedersen, W. C., Denson, T. F., Goss, R. J., Vasquez, E. A., Kelley, N. J., & Miller, N. (2010) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466610x515696 · Cited by 168
Females are more anxious than males: a metacognitive perspective.
Bahrami, F., & Yousefi, N. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 152
Induced rumination dampens executive processes in dysphoric young adults
Philippot, P., & Brutoux, F. (2007) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.07.001 · Cited by 168
Social anxiety, depressive symptoms, and post-event rumination: affective consequences and social contextual influences.
Kashdan, T., & Roberts, J. E. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.05.009 · Cited by 164
The influence of trait and state rumination on cardiovascular recovery from a negative emotional stressor
Key, B. L., Campbell, T. S., Bacon, S. L., & Gerin, W. (2008) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9152-9 · Cited by 149
Early detection of bipolar disorder: a pilot familial high‐risk study of parents with bipolar disorder and their adolescent children
Jones, S. H., Tai, S., Evershed, K., Knowles, R. J., & Bentall, R. P. (2006) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00329.x · Cited by 150
Neural correlates of rumination in adolescents with remitted major depressive disorder and healthy controls
Burkhouse, K. L., Jacobs, R. H., Peters, A. T., Ajilore, O., Watkins, E. R., & Langenecker, S. A. (2016) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0486-4 · Cited by 151
Ruminative Thoughts and Their Relation to Depression and Anxiety1
Harrington, J. A., & Blankenship, V. (2002) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00225.x · Cited by 146
The Effect of Rumination as a Mediator of Elevated Anxiety Sensitivity in Major Depression
Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Taylor, S. J. (2001) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005580518671 · Cited by 144
Intrusive memories and rumination in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: A phenomenological comparison
Speckens, A. E. M., Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., Ruths, F. A., & Clark, D. M. (2007) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210701256449 · Cited by 144
Gender and coping: Use of distinct strategies and associations with stress and depression
Felsten, G. (1998) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615809808248316 · Cited by 142
Repetitive Thought and Emotional Distress: Rumination and Worry as Prospective Predictors of Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology
Calmes, C. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9026-9 · Cited by 162
Perfectionism and psychological distress: evidence of the mediating effects of rumination.
O'Connor, D. B., O'Connor, R. C., & Marshall, R. (2007) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.616 · Cited by 141
Ability to disengage attention predicts negative affect
Compton, R. J. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300378897 · Cited by 147
Effects of active and passive rumination and distraction: A pilot replication with anxious mood
Blagden, J. C., & Craske, M. G. (1996) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(96)00009-6 · Cited by 139
An experience sampling study of worry and rumination in psychosis
Hartley, S., Haddock, G., Vasconcelos e Sa, D., Emsley, R., & Barrowclough, C. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002080 · Cited by 138
Impact of rumination versus distraction on anxiety and maladaptive self-beliefs in socially anxious individuals
Wong, Q. J. J., & Moulds, M. L. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.014 · Cited by 135
Switching and backward inhibition in major depressive disorder: The role of rumination.
Whitmer, A. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027474 · Cited by 154
Relation between rumination and impaired memory in dysphoric moods.
Hertel, P. T. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.107.1.166 · Cited by 137
Der Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ)
Loch, N., Hiller, W., & Witthöft, M. (2011) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000079 · Cited by 130
An experimental investigation of the cognitive vulnerability to depression
Singer, A. R., & Dobson, K. S. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.05.007 · Cited by 132
Biased information processing as a vulnerability factor for depression
Gotlib, I. H., & Krasnoperova, E. N. (1998) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(98)80020-8 · Cited by 133
Where the depressed mind wanders: Self-generated thought patterns as assessed through experience sampling as a state marker of depression
Hoffmann, F., Banzhaf, C., Kanske, P., Bermpohl, F., & Singer, T. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.005 · Cited by 144
The Brief State Rumination Inventory (BSRI): Validation and Psychometric Evaluation
Marchetti, I., Mor, N., Chiorri, C., & Koster, E. H. W. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9901-1 · Cited by 145
The Relations of Temperament and Emotion Self-regulation with Suicidal Behaviors in a Clinical Sample of Depressed Children in Hungary
Tamás, Z., Kovács, M., Gentzler, A. L., Tepper, P. G., Gádoros, J., Kiss, E., Kapornai, K., & Vetró, Á. (2007) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9119-2 · Cited by 127
Inhibition, Rumination, and Mood Regulation in Depression
Joormann, J. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511720413.012 · Cited by 126
Response styles among patients with minor depression and dysthymia in primary care
Schmaling, K. B., Dimidjian, S., Katon, W., & Sullivan, M. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.2.350 · Cited by 130
Rumination and Worry in Daily Life
Kircanski, K., Thompson, R. J., Sorenson, J. E., Sherdell, L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614566603 · Cited by 142
Automatic and Strategic Representation of the Self in Major Depression: Trait and State Abnormalities
Shestyuk, A. Y., & Deldin, P. J. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.06091444 · Cited by 124
Determinants of Emotion Duration and Underlying Psychological and Neural Mechanisms
Verduyn, P., Delaveau, P., Rotgé, J., Fossati, P., & Mechelen, I. V. (2015) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073915590618 · Cited by 133
Relation of Rumination and Distraction with Neuroticism and Extraversion in a Sample of Patients with Major Depression
Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (2001) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1026430900363 · Cited by 124
Rumination as a predictor of drinking behaviour in alcohol abusers: a prospective study
Caselli, G., Ferretti, C., Leoni, M., Rebecchi, D., Rovetto, F., & Spada, M. M. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02912.x · Cited by 122
Primum Non Nocere: An Evolutionary Analysis of Whether Antidepressants Do More Harm than Good
Andrews, P. W., Thomson, J. A., Amstadter, A., & Neale, M. C. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00117 · Cited by 120
Affective Determinants of Counterfactual Thinking
Roese, N. J., & Hur, T. (1997) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.1997.15.4.274 · Cited by 121
Self-directed thought and response to treatment for depression: A preliminary investigation
Ciesla, J. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/jcop.16.4.435.52528 · Cited by 122
How does facial feedback modulate emotional experience?
Davis, J. I., Senghas, A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.06.005 · Cited by 130
On the measurement of rumination: a psychometric evaluation of the ruminative response scale and the rumination on sadness scale in undergraduates
Roelofs, J., Muris, P., Huibers, M., Peeters, F., & Arntz, A. (2006) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.03.002 · Cited by 119
The Relationship Between Time Perspective and Subjective Well-being of Older Adults
Desmyter, F., & Raedt, R. D. (2012) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb-52-1-19 · Cited by 118
An experiential avoidance conceptualization of depressive rumination: Three tests of the model
Giorgio, J. M., Sanflippo, J., Kleiman, E., Reilly, D., Bender, R. E., Wagner, C. A., Liu, R. T., & Alloy, L. B. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.004 · Cited by 118
Music and People with Tendencies to Depression
Garrido, S., & Schubert, E. (2015) · Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1525/mp.2015.32.4.313 · Cited by 128
The influence of rumination and distraction on depressed and anxious mood: a prospective examination of the response styles theory in children and adolescents
Roelofs, J., Rood, L., Meesters, C. M. G., Dorsthorst, V. T., Bögels, S. M., Alloy, L. B., & Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0026-7 · Cited by 116
Self-citation
The subsystem mechanism of default mode network underlying rumination: A reproducible neuroimaging study
Chen, X., Chen, N.-X., Shen, Y., Li, H., Li, L., Lu, B., Zhu, Z.-C., Fan, Z., & Yan, C. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117185 · Cited by 112
The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
Startup, H. M., & Erickson, T. M. (2006) · Worry and its Psychological Disorders · doi:10.1002/9780470713143.ch7 · Cited by 124
You can’t always give what you want: The challenge of providing social support to low self-esteem individuals.
Marigold, D. C., Cavallo, J. V., Holmes, J. G., & Wood, J. V. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036554 · Cited by 138
Psychometric properties of the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire in a clinical sample
Mahoney, A. E. J., McEvoy, P. M., & Moulds, M. L. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.003 · Cited by 109
Self-infiltration: confusing assigned tasks as self-selected in memory.
Baumann, N., & Kuhl, J. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202250916 · Cited by 137
Positive beliefs about rumination in depression—a replication and extension
Watkins, E. R., & Moulds, M. L. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.006 · Cited by 109
Independent self-construal, self-reflection, and self-rumination: A path model for predicting happiness
Elliott, I., & Coker, S. (2008) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530701447368 · Cited by 109
Rumination, Depression, and Metacognition: the S‐REF Model
Matthews, G., & Wells, A. (2003) · Depressive Rumination · doi:10.1002/9780470713853.ch7 · Cited by 117

Authors: Nolen-hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J.
Affiliations: Vassar College (US)
ORCID: Morrow, Jannay
Venue: Cognition and Emotion
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1993-11
Volume: 7
Issue: 6
Pages: 561-570
ISSN: 0269-9931 (ISSN-L)
1464-0600
DOI: 10.1080/02699939308409206
OpenAlex: W1987827459
Cited by: 1,000
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 51
FWCI: 5.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Cognition & Emotion (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: rumination, distraction, depressive mood, mood regulation, attentional focus

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks